| 1. |
- Kaufmann, Tobias, et al.
(author)
-
Common brain disorders are associated with heritable patterns of apparent aging of the brain
- 2019
-
In: Nature Neuroscience. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1097-6256 .- 1546-1726. ; 22:10, s. 1617-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Common risk factors for psychiatric and other brain disorders are likely to converge on biological pathways influencing the development and maintenance of brain structure and function across life. Using structural MRI data from 45,615 individuals aged 3-96 years, we demonstrate distinct patterns of apparent brain aging in several brain disorders and reveal genetic pleiotropy between apparent brain aging in healthy individuals and common brain disorders.
|
|
| 2. |
- Biverståhl, Henrik, 1977-
(author)
-
Structure and Dynamics of Membrane Associated Peptides
- 2008
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The peptide-membrane interaction is a key element for many biological functions, from cell signaling to cell internalization. In this thesis the peptide-membrane interaction of six different peptides have been studied with respect to their structure, membrane location and dynamics with spectroscopic methods. Penetratin and the N-terminal sequence of the bovine prion protein (1-30), bPrPp, belong to a class of peptides called cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). CPPs are short, often highly basic peptides that have the ability to facilitate translocation of an attached hydrophilic cargo over cell-membrane. CD and NMR spectroscopy reveled that penetratin, the (supposedly) non-penetrating mutant pentratin(W48F,W56F) and bPrPp are all highly helical in membrane mimicking media. The position with respect to the bilayer is, however, very different for the three peptides, Penetratin is residing on the membrane surface with a slight tilt while bPrPp is transmembrane and penetratin(W48F,W56F) is somewere in between. These differences can explain the different impact these peptides have on membranesWe have also shown that penetratin can escape from vesicles when an electrochemical or pH gradient is present over the membrane, which support endocytotic internalization.Melittin is a 26 amino acid long residue long peptide and is the major component of the European honey bee venom. Many studies have shown that melittin induces a transient pore that causes leakage in both natural and artificial membranes. In paper IV we used melittin as a model-peptide to investigate how peptides affect lipid dynamics in model-membranes. We showed that carbon-13 relaxation of the lipids could be used to characterize peptide induced changes in lipid dynamicsThe voltage sensor is a domain of the voltage-dependent potassium channel containing several positively charged amino acids (usually arginines). The sensor undergoes a conformational change as a response to a membrane potential. Here, we have studied the membrane location of two fragments corresponding to the “paddle” domain of two different potassium channels, KvAP and HsapBK. NMR and fluorescence studies indicate that both peptides reside inside of the hydrophobic interior of the bilayer, which show that the fragment behave the same way as it does in the intact protein.All six of these peptides interact strongly with model-membranes and adopt a helical conformation even though they have very different biological function. The difference in biological function can instead be explained by the variation in membrane position and membrane dynamics of these peptides
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Heiskanen, Jouni, et al.
(author)
-
The Integrated Carbon Observation System in Europe
- 2022
-
In: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. - 0003-0007. ; 103:3, s. 855-872
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Since 1750, land-use change and fossil fuel combustion has led to a 46% increase in the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, causing global warming with substantial societal consequences. The Paris Agreement aims to limit global temperature increases to well below 2C above preindustrial levels. Increasing levels of CO2 and other greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), in the atmosphere are the primary cause of climate change. Approximately half of the carbon emissions to the atmosphere are sequestered by ocean and land sinks, leading to ocean acidification but also slowing the rate of global warming. However, there are significant uncertainties in the future global warming scenarios due to uncertainties in the size, nature, and stability of these sinks. Quantifying and monitoring the size and timing of natural sinks and the impact of climate change on ecosystems are important information to guide policy-makers' decisions and strategies on reductions in emissions. Continuous, long-term observations are required to quantify GHG emissions, sinks, and their impacts on Earth systems. The Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) was designed as the European in situ observation and information system to support science and society in their efforts to mitigate climate change. It provides standardized and open data currently from over 140 measurement stations across 12 European countries. The stations observe GHG concentrations in the atmosphere and carbon and GHG fluxes between the atmosphere, land surface, and the oceans. This article describes how ICOS fulfills its mission to harmonize these observations, ensure the related long-term financial commitments, provide easy access to well-documented and reproducible high-quality data and related protocols and tools for scientific studies, and deliver information and GHG-related products to stakeholders in society and policy.
|
|
| 5. |
- Holm, Einar, et al.
(author)
-
Spatial microsimulation models
- 2007
-
In: Models in spatial analysis. - London, UK : ISTE. - 9781905209095 ; , s. 159-195
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
|
|
| 6. |
- Liebau, Jobst, 1985-
(author)
-
Taming the Griffin : Membrane interactions of peripheral and monotopic glycosyltransferases and dynamics of bacterial and plant lipids in bicelles
- 2017
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Biological membranes form a protective barrier around cells and cellular compartments. A broad range of biochemical processes occur in or at membranes demonstrating that they are not only of structural but also of functional importance. One important class of membrane proteins are membrane-associated glycosyltransferases. WaaG is a representative of this class of proteins; its function is to catalyze one step in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides, which are outer membrane lipids found in Gram-negative bacteria.To study protein-membrane complexes by biophysical methods, one must employ membrane mimetics, i.e. simplifications of natural membranes. One type of membrane mimetic often employed in solution-state NMR is small isotropic bicelles, obloid aggregates formed from a lipid bilayer that is dissolved in aqueous solvent by detergent molecules that make up the rim of the bicelle.In this thesis, fast dynamics of lipid atoms in bicelles containing lipid mixtures that faithfully mimic plant and bacterial membranes were investigated by NMR relaxation. Lipids were observed to undergo a broad range of motions; while the glycerol backbone was found to be rigid, dynamics in the acyl chains were much more rapid and unrestricted. Furthermore, by employing paramagnetic relaxation enhancements an ‘atomic ruler’ was developed that allows for measurement of the immersion depths of lipid carbon atoms.WaaG is a membrane-associated protein that adopts a GT-B fold. For proteins of this type, it has been speculated that the N-terminal domain anchors tightly to the membrane via electrostatic interactions, while the anchoring of the C-terminal domain is weaker. Here, this model was tested for WaaG. It was found by a set of circular dichroism, fluorescence, and NMR techniques that an anchoring segment located in the N-terminal domain termed MIR-WaaG binds electrostatically to membranes, and the structure and localization of isolated MIR-WaaG inside micelles was determined. Full-length WaaG was also found to bind membranes electrostatically. It senses the surface charge density of the membrane whilst not discriminating between anionic lipid species. Motion of the C-terminal domain could not be observed under the experimental conditions used here. Lastly, the affinity of WaaG to membranes is lower than expected, indicating that WaaG should not be classified as a monotopic membrane protein but rather as a peripheral one.
|
|
| 7. |
- Papale, Dario, et al.
(author)
-
Standards and Open Access are the ICOS Pillars Reply to "Comments on 'The Integrated Carbon Observation System in Europe'"
- 2023
-
In: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. - 0003-0007. ; 104:12, s. 953-955
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In his comment (Kowalski 2023) on our recent publication (Heiskanen et al. 2022) where we present the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) research infrastructure, Andrew Kowalski introduces three important and, in our opinion, different potential issues in the definition, collection, and availability of field measurements made by the ICOS network, and he proposes possible solutions to these issues.
|
|
| 8. |
- Tønnesen, Siren, et al.
(author)
-
Brain Age Prediction Reveals Aberrant Brain White Matter in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder : A Multisample Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study
- 2020
-
In: Biological Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 2451-9022 .- 2451-9030. ; 5:12, s. 1095-1103
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) share substantial neurodevelopmental components affecting brain maturation and architecture. This necessitates a dynamic lifespan perspective in which brain aberrations are inferred from deviations from expected lifespan trajectories. We applied machine learning to diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) indices of white matter structure and organization to estimate and compare brain age between patients with SZ, patients with BD, and healthy control (HC) subjects across 10 cohorts.METHODS: We trained 6 cross-validated models using different combinations of DTI data from 927 HC subjects (18-94 years of age) and applied the models to the test sets including 648 patients with SZ (18-66 years of age), 185 patients with BD (18-64 years of age), and 990 HC subjects (17-68 years of age), estimating the brain age for each participant. Group differences were assessed using linear models, accounting for age, sex, and scanner. A meta-analytic framework was applied to assess the heterogeneity and generalizability of the results.RESULTS: Tenfold cross-validation revealed high accuracy for all models. Compared with HC subjects, the model including all feature sets significantly overestimated the age of patients with SZ (Cohen's d = -0.29) and patients with BD (Cohen's d = 0.18), with similar effects for the other models. The meta-analysis converged on the same findings. Fractional anisotropy-based models showed larger group differences than the models based on other DTI-derived metrics.CONCLUSIONS: Brain age prediction based on DTI provides informative and robust proxies for brain white matter integrity. Our results further suggest that white matter aberrations in SZ and BD primarily consist of anatomically distributed deviations from expected lifespan trajectories that generalize across cohorts and scanners.
|
|
