| 1. |
- Benrick, Anna, 1979, et al.
(author)
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Autonomic nervous system activation mediates the increase in whole-body glucose uptake in response to electroacupuncture
- 2017
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In: Faseb Journal. - : Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. - 0892-6638 .- 1530-6860. ; 31:8, s. 3288-3297
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A single bout of low-frequency electroacupuncture (EA) causing muscle contractions increases whole-body glucose uptake in insulin-resistant rats. We explored the underlying mechanism of this finding and whether it can be translated into clinical settings. Changes in glucose infusion rate (GIR) were measured by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp during and after 45 min of low-frequency EA in 21 overweight/obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 21 controls matched for age, weight, and body mass index (experiment 1) and in rats receiving autonomic receptor blockers (experiment 2). GIR was higher after EA in controls and women with PCOS. Plasma serotonin levels and homovanillic acid, markers of vagal activity, decreased in both controls and patients with PCOS. Adipose tissue expression of pro-nerve growth factor (proNGF) decreased, and the mature NGF/proNGF ratio increased after EA in PCOS, but not in controls, suggesting increased sympathetic-driven adipose tissue metabolism. Administration of alpha-/beta-adrenergic receptor blockers in rats blocked the increase in GIR in response to EA. Muscarinic and dopamine receptor antagonist also blocked the response but with slower onset. In conclusion, a single bout of EA increases whole-body glucose uptake by activation of the sympathetic and partly the parasympathetic nervous systems, which could have important clinical implications for the treatment of insulin resistance.
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| 2. |
- Johansson, Julia, 1982, et al.
(author)
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Acupuncture for ovulation induction in polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized controlled trial.
- 2013
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In: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1849 .- 1522-1555. ; 304:9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Acupuncture has been demonstrated to improve menstrual frequency and to decrease circulating testosterone in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Our aim was to investigate whether acupuncture affects ovulation frequency and to understand the underlying mechanisms of any such effect by analyzing luteinizing hormone (LH) and sex steroid secretion in women with PCOS. This prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted between June 2009 and September 2010. Thirty-two women with PCOS were randomized to receive either acupuncture in combination with manual and low-frequency electrical stimulation or to meetings with a physical therapist twice a week for 10-13 weeks. Main outcome measures were changes in LH secretion patterns from baseline to after 10-13 weeks of treatment and ovulation frequency during the treatment period. Secondary outcomes were changes in the secretion of sex steroids, anti-Müllerian hormone, inhibin B, and serum cortisol. Ovulation frequency during treatment was higher in the acupuncture group compared with the control group. After 10-13 weeks of intervention, circulating levels of estrone, estrone sulfate, estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, androstenedione, testosterone, free-testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, androsterone glucuronide, androstane-3α, 17β-diol-3glucuronide, and androstane-3α, 17β-diol-17glucuronide decreased within the acupuncture group and were significantly lower than in the control group for all of these except androstenedione. We conclude that repeated acupuncture treatments resulted in higher ovulation frequency in lean/overweight women with PCOS and were more effective than just meeting with the therapist. Ovarian and adrenal sex steroid serum levels were reduced with no effect on LH secretion.
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| 3. |
- Kokosar, Milana, et al.
(author)
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Epigenetic and Transcriptional Alterations in Human Adipose Tissue of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
- 2016
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Genetic and epigenetic factors may predispose women to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common heritable disorder of unclear etiology. Here we investigated differences in genome-wide gene expression and DNA methylation in adipose tissue from 64 women with PCOS and 30 controls. In total, 1720 unique genes were differentially expressed (Q < 0.05). Six out of twenty selected genes with largest expression difference (CYP1B1, GPT), genes linked to PCOS (RAB5B) or type 2 diabetes (PPARG, SVEP1), and methylation (DMAP1) were replicated in a separate case-control study. In total, 63,213 sites (P < 0.05) and 440 sites (Q < 0.15) were differently methylated. Thirty differentially expressed genes had corresponding changes in 33 different DNA methylation sites. Moreover, a total number of 1913 pairs of differentially expressed "gene-CpG" probes were significantly correlated after correction for multiple testing and corresponded with 349 unique genes. In conclusion, we identified a large number of genes and pathways that are affected in adipose tissue from women with PCOS. We also identified specific DNA methylation pathways that may affect mRNA expression. Together, these novel findings show that women with PCOS have multiple transcriptional and epigenetic changes in adipose tissue that are relevant for development of the disease.
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| 4. |
- Kokosar, Milana, et al.
(author)
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Erratum: Epigenetic and Transcriptional Alterations in Human Adipose Tissue of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
- 2016
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In: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 22883; Published online: 15 March 2016; Updated: 09 May 2016 This Article contains errors. In Table 3, the text in the first row ‘Down-regulated genes’ was incorrectly given as ‘Up-regulated genes’. In addition, Fig. 2E was incorrectly labeled as Fig. 2ES. The correct Fig.
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| 5. |
- Sazonova, Antonina, et al.
(author)
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Factors affecting obstetric outcome of singletons born after IVF
- 2011
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In: Human Reproduction. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0268-1161 .- 1460-2350. ; 26:10, s. 2878-2886
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Singletons born after IVF have an adverse perinatal outcome when compared with singletons in the general population. This study investigates maternal characteristics and IVF-treatment-related variables, for a possible influence on obstetric outcomes. METHODS: Data from all IVF clinics in Sweden, including all IVF singletons born after fresh treatment cycles and own oocytes during 2002-2006, were included (n = 8941) and cross-linked with the Swedish Medical Birth Registry. Four major outcomes were investigated: very preterm birth (<32 weeks), small for gestational age (SGA), placenta previa and placental abruption. Maternal characteristics (age, parity, BMI, smoking and years of infertility) and treatment-related variables (number of oocytes retrieved, number of embryo culture days, number of transferred and cryopreserved embryos, 'vanishing twin') were investigated for independent association with the four selected outcomes. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) were calculated by logistic regression. RESULTS: Primiparity, smoking, BMI and 'vanishing twin' were associated with an increased risk of very preterm birth. Maternal age, primiparity, smoking, BMI and years of infertility were associated with an increased risk of SGA. Maternal age and blastocyst transfer were associated with an increased risk, and primiparity with a decreased risk, of placenta previa. Smoking was significantly associated with placental abruption. CONCLUSIONS: In singletons born after fresh IVF, certain maternal characteristics and the number of embryos transferred, when there was a 'vanishing twin' affected the obstetric outcome negatively. An increased rate of placenta previa was observed after blastocyst transfer. The results support the use of single embryo transfer and indicate that lifestyle factors are important for obstetric outcome.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Sazonova, Antonina, et al.
(author)
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Neonatal and maternal outcomes comparing women undergoing two invitro fertilization (IVF) singleton pregnancies and women undergoing one IVF twin pregnancy.
- 2013
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In: Fertility and sterility. - : Elsevier BV. - 1556-5653 .- 0015-0282. ; 99:3, s. 731-737
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To compare outcomes for women undergoing two invitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancies with singletons and women undergoing one IVF twin pregnancy. The concept of single-embryo transfer in IVF has reduced the risks of both maternal and neonatal complications, but there is still a discussion of whether or not twins are a desired outcome of IVF. DESIGN: Registry study. SETTING: Not applicable. PATIENT(S): All reported twins after IVF with double-embryo transfer (n = 1,982) and their mothers (n = 991) and all mothers (n = 921) who gave birth to two IVF singletons (n = 1,842). INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Maternal and neonatal outcomes including severe neonatal morbidity. RESULT(S): Preterm birth, very preterm birth, low birth weight, very low birth weight, and small for gestational age were dramatically increased for IVF twins compared with two IVF singletons with the same mother, with adjusted odds ratios from 4 to 16. Significantly higher rates of respiratory complications, sepsis, and jaundice were detected among the IVF twins. Significantly higher rates of preeclampsia, preterm premature rupture of the membranes, and cesarean section were observed for IVF twin pregnancies. CONCLUSION(S): The neonatal and maternal outcomes were dramatically better for women undergoing two IVF singleton pregnancies compared with one IVF twin pregnancy after double-embryo transfer. These results support single-embryo transfer to minimize the risks associated with twin pregnancies.
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| 8. |
- Sazonova, Antonina, et al.
(author)
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Obstetric outcome after in vitro fertilization with single or double embryo transfer.
- 2011
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In: Human reproduction (Oxford, England). - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2350 .- 0268-1161. ; 26:2, s. 442-50
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- IVF children, including singletons, are known to have a poorer obstetric outcome than children born after spontaneous conception. With a broad introduction of single embryo transfer (SET), this scenario might change. This study compares the obstetric outcome after IVF with SET, elective SET (eSET), non elective SET (non-eSET) and double embryo transfer (DET) with outcomes in the general population.
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| 9. |
- Sazonova, Antonina
(author)
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Obstetric outcome after single embryo transfer
- 2013
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Obstetric outcome after single embryo transfer Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden. Background: Children born after IVF have a poorer neonatal outcome than children born after spontaneous conception, even after adjustment for confounders. In Sweden, since 2003 an increasing amount of IVF cycles are single embryo transfers (SET). This gives the opportunity to investigate and compare the outcome after SET and double embryo transfers (DET). Aim: To assess the neonatal and maternal outcomes after IVF, particularly after SET. Methods: Paper I: All IVF children born in Sweden after IVF treatment during the years 2002-2006 and their mothers were included (n=13 544 children) and compared with all children in the general population born during the same time period and their mothers (n=587 009 children) concerning neonatal and maternal outcomes. Paper II: All IVF singletons born after fresh IVF cycles and own oocytes were included (n= 8941) and cross-linked with the Swedish Medical Birth Registry. Four major outcomes were investigated: very preterm birth (<32 weeks), small for gestational age (SGA), placenta previa and placental abruption. Maternal characteristics (age, parity, BMI, smoking and years of infertility) and treatment-related variables (number of oocytes retrieved, number of embryo culture days, number of transferred and cryopreserved embryos and “vanishing twin”) were investigated for independent association with the four selected outcomes. Paper III: All singletons after cryopreserved (n=2348) and fresh IVF cycles (n=8944) were included and compared with all singletons born after spontaneous conception (n=571 914). Paper IV: Outcomes for women (n=921) undergoing two IVF pregnancies with singletons (n=1842) were compared with women (n=991) undergoing one IVF pregnancy with twins (n=1982). Results: Paper I: Children born after IVF had a poorer neonatal outcome than children in the general population. Comparing IVF singletons, irrespective of the number of embryos transferred, with singletons in the general population, significantly higher rates of preterm birth (<28 w, <37 w), low birth weight (LBW) and very low birth weight (VLBW) were found. Paper II: Age, primiparity, smoking, BMI, years of infertility and ‘vanishing twin’ were associated with an increased risk of one or both of the two selected outcomes very preterm birth and SGA. Maternal age and blastocyst transfer were associated with an increased risk of placenta previa. Smoking was significantly associated with placental abruption. Paper III: Singletons from cryopreserved cycles had increased rates of extreme preterm birth (<28 w) as compared with singletons from the general population. A lower rate of LBW was found for singletons after cryopreservation cycles than for singletons from fresh cycles. The rates of large for gestational age (LGA) and macrosomia (>4500g) were higher for singletons after cryopreservation cycles than for singletons in the general population and for singletons after fresh cycles. Higher rates of preeclampsia were noted for pregnancies after cryopreservation cycles versus general population and fresh cycles. Paper IV: Preterm birth, very preterm birth, LBW, VLBW and SGA were dramatically increased for IVF twins as compared with two IVF singletons with the same mother with adjusted odds ratios between 4 and 16. Significantly higher rates of respiratory complications, sepsis and jaundice were detected among the IVF twins. Significantly higher rates of preeclampsia, preterm premature rupture of the membranes and Cesarean section were observed for IVF twin pregnancies. Conclusions: Children born after IVF, also singletons and irrespective of the number of embryos transferred, had a poorer neonatal outcome than singletons in the general population. In singletons born after fresh IVF, certain maternal characteristics and the number of embryos transferred, when there was a ‘vanishing twin’, affected the neonatal outcome negatively. Singletons born after cryopreservation as compared with fresh IVF cycles had a better neonatal outcome as regards LBW. An increased rate of placenta previa was observed after blastocyst transfer. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were dramatically better for women who had two IVF singleton pregnancies than for those with one IVF twin pregnancy. The finding of an increased rate of LGA and macrosomia after cryopreservation needs further studies. The results support SET as the main transfer strategy.
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| 10. |
- Sazonova, Antonina, et al.
(author)
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Obstetric outcome in singletons after in vitro fertilization with cryopreserved/thawed embryos
- 2012
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In: Human Reproduction. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0268-1161 .- 1460-2350. ; 27:5, s. 1343-1350
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is increasing use of cryopreservation in IVF. This study compared singletons born after cryopreservation with singletons born after fresh IVF cycles and singletons born to women in the general population. Data were collected for Swedish IVF treatments during the years 20022006. All singletons from single embryo transfer (SET) and double embryo transfer (DET) after cryopreserved (n 2348) and fresh cycles (n 8944) were included and cross-linked with the Swedish Medical Birth Registry and compared with all singletons born after spontaneous conception (n 571 914). Main outcomes were preterm and very preterm birth and low and very low birthweight (VLBW). Other outcomes were small for gestational age, large for gestational age (LGA), perinatal mortality and maternal outcomes. Singletons from cryopreserved SET/DET or cryopreserved SET had increased rates of extreme preterm birth compared with singletons from the general population. A lower rate of LBW was found for cryopreserved SET/DET singletons compared with singletons from fresh cycles; however, a higher rate of perinatal mortality was detected. The rates of LGA and macrosomia were increased for cryopreserved SET/DET singletons when compared with those from fresh cycles and the general population. For maternal outcomes, a higher rate of pre-eclampsia was noted for pregnancies from cryopreserved cycles compared with those from fresh cycles or the general population, but the rate of placenta praevia was lower in pregnancies from cryopreserved cycles compared with those from fresh cycles. The obstetric outcome of singletons after cryopreservation was slightly poorer when compared with the general population. In comparison with fresh cycles, the outcome varied. The finding of an increased rate of LGA after cryopreservation requires further study.
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