| 1. |
- Munk, P., et al.
(author)
-
Genomic analysis of sewage from 101 countries reveals global landscape of antimicrobial resistance
- 2022
-
In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global health. Understanding the emergence, evolution, and transmission of individual antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is essential to develop sustainable strategies combatting this threat. Here, we use metagenomic sequencing to analyse ARGs in 757 sewage samples from 243 cities in 101 countries, collected from 2016 to 2019. We find regional patterns in resistomes, and these differ between subsets corresponding to drug classes and are partly driven by taxonomic variation. The genetic environments of 49 common ARGs are highly diverse, with most common ARGs carried by multiple distinct genomic contexts globally and sometimes on plasmids. Analysis of flanking sequence revealed ARG-specific patterns of dispersal limitation and global transmission. Our data furthermore suggest certain geographies are more prone to transmission events and should receive additional attention.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Dargie, W., et al.
(author)
-
A topology control protocol based on eligibility and efficiency metrics
- 2011
-
In: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier. - 0164-1212. ; 84:1, s. 2-11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The question of fairness in wireless sensor networks is not studied very well. It is not unusual to observe in the literature fairness traded for low latency or reliability. However, a disproportional use of some critical nodes as relaying nodes can cause premature network fragmentation. This paper investigates fairness in multi-hop wireless sensor networks and proposes a topology control protocol that enables nodes to exhaust their energy fairly. Moreover, it demonstrates that whereas the number of neighboring nodes with which a node should cooperate depends on the density of the network, increasing this number beyond a certain amount does not contribute to network connectivity.
|
|
| 4. |
- Dargie, W., et al.
(author)
-
A Topology Control Protocol for 2D Poisson Distributed Wireless Sensor Networks
- 2009
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Topology control in a wireless sensor network is useful for ensuring that the network remains connected in the presence of nodes that exhaust their energy or become altogether dysfunctional (for whatever reasons). It also ensures that all the link that can be established are energy-efficient links and the nodes utilize their energy fairly. In this paper, we propose a fair and energy efficient topology control protocol for a two-dimensional random sensor deployment in which the nodes can estimate the distances to their neighbors and vary their transmission power accordingly. The protocol applies a neighbor eligibility metric in order to ensure a fair distribution of energy in the network. We introduce the notion of weighted relaying regions defined over the plane of a searching node to drop out inefficient links. Unlike most topology control protocols that rely on nearest neighbor approaches, we use a distance measure that is radio characteristic and channel condition dependent. We verify the performance of the protocol through simulation results on network graph properties and energy consumption.
|
|
| 5. |
- Giwercman, Y. L., et al.
(author)
-
Sexual differentiation and development
- 2006
-
In: Andrology for the Clinician. - 3540231714 - 9783540231714 ; , s. 266-272
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Normal sexual differentiation requires complex molecular events to take place in a precise order, and even though much knowledge has been gained in recent decades, further research is still needed to understand the pathogenesis of different disorders of sexual differentiation. For the clinician who is confronted with a child with sexual ambiguity, it is most important not to guess the sex but to initiate a proper diagnostic procedure, preferably done by a specialist team. Diagnosis generally requires a thorough clinical examination of the child and careful family history taking. The further diagnostic procedure includes cytogenetic hormonal and mutational analyses before sex assignment. Advances in molecular genetics are continuously providing tools for the detection of genetic defects and the primary diagnosis of intersex disorders. These methods may also be applied to prenatal diagnosis and carrier identification.
|
|
| 6. |
- Haider, L. Jamila, 1987-, et al.
(author)
-
The undisciplinary journey : early-career perspectives in sustainability science
- 2018
-
In: Sustainability Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1862-4065 .- 1862-4057. ; 13:1, s. 191-204
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The establishment of interdisciplinary Master’s and PhD programs in sustainability science is opening up an exciting arena filled with opportunities for early-career scholars to address pressing sustainability challenges. However, embarking upon an interdisciplinary endeavor as an early-career scholar poses a unique set of challenges: to develop an individual scientific identity and a strong and specific methodological skill-set, while at the same time gaining the ability to understand and communicate between different epistemologies. Here, we explore the challenges and opportunities that emerge from a new kind of interdisciplinary journey, which we describe as ‘undisciplinary.’ Undisciplinary describes (1) the space or condition of early-career researchers with early interdisciplinary backgrounds, (2) the process of the journey, and (3) the orientation which aids scholars to address the complex nature of today’s sustainability challenges. The undisciplinary journey is an iterative and reflexive process of balancing methodological groundedness and epistemological agility to engage in rigorous sustainability science. The paper draws upon insights from a collective journey of broad discussion, reflection, and learning, including a survey on educational backgrounds of different generations of sustainability scholars, participatory forum theater, and a panel discussion at the Resilience 2014 conference (Montpellier, France). Based on the results from this diversity of methods, we suggest that there is now a new and distinct generation of sustainability scholars that start their careers with interdisciplinary training, as opposed to only engaging in interdisciplinary research once strong disciplinary foundations have been built. We further identify methodological groundedness and epistemological agility as guiding competencies to become capable sustainability scientists and discuss the implications of an undisciplinary journey in the current institutional context of universities and research centers. In this paper, we propose a simple framework to help early-career sustainability scholars and well-established scientists successfully navigate what can sometimes be an uncomfortable space in education and research, with the ultimate aim of producing and engaging in rigorous and impactful sustainability science.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Schill, Caroline, et al.
(author)
-
A more dynamic understanding of human behaviour for the Anthropocene
- 2019
-
In: Nature Sustainability. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2398-9629. ; 2:12, s. 1075-1082
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Human behaviour is of profound significance in shaping pathways towards sustainability. Yet, the approach to understanding human behaviour in many fields remains reliant on overly simplistic models. For a better understanding of the interface between human behaviour and sustainability, we take work in behavioural economics and cognitive psychology as a starting point, but argue for an expansion of this work by adopting a more dynamic and systemic understanding of human behaviour, that is, as part of complex adaptive systems. A complex adaptive systems approach allows us to capture behaviour as ''enculturated' and 'enearthed', co-evolving with socio-cultural and biophysical contexts. Connecting human behaviour and context through a complex adaptive systems lens is critical to inform environmental governance and management for sustainability, and ultimately to better understand the dynamics of the Anthropocene itself.
|
|
