| 1. |
- Munk, P., et al.
(author)
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Genomic analysis of sewage from 101 countries reveals global landscape of antimicrobial resistance
- 2022
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In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global health. Understanding the emergence, evolution, and transmission of individual antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is essential to develop sustainable strategies combatting this threat. Here, we use metagenomic sequencing to analyse ARGs in 757 sewage samples from 243 cities in 101 countries, collected from 2016 to 2019. We find regional patterns in resistomes, and these differ between subsets corresponding to drug classes and are partly driven by taxonomic variation. The genetic environments of 49 common ARGs are highly diverse, with most common ARGs carried by multiple distinct genomic contexts globally and sometimes on plasmids. Analysis of flanking sequence revealed ARG-specific patterns of dispersal limitation and global transmission. Our data furthermore suggest certain geographies are more prone to transmission events and should receive additional attention.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Care, O., et al.
(author)
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Creating leadership collectives for sustainability transformations
- 2021
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In: Sustainability Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1862-4065 .- 1862-4057. ; 16:2, s. 703-708
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Enduring sustainability challenges requires a new model of collective leadership that embraces critical reflection, inclusivity and care. Leadership collectives can support a move in academia from metrics to merits, from a focus on career to care, and enact a shift from disciplinary to inter- and trans-disciplinary research. Academic organisations need to reorient their training programs, work ethics and reward systems to encourage collective excellence and to allow space for future leaders to develop and enact a radically re-imagined vision of how to lead as a collective with care for people and the planet.
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| 4. |
- Berg, J, et al.
(author)
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Health-related quality of life and long-term morbidity and mortality in patients hospitalised with systolic heart failure
- 2014
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In: JRSM cardiovascular disease. - : SAGE Publications. - 2048-0040. ; 3, s. 2048004014548735-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Health-related quality of life has been shown to impact prognosis in chronic heart failure, however with limited long-term follow-up. We analysed data spanning 8–12 years to assess the impact of health-related quality of life using the Nottingham Health Profile on first hospitalisation and mortality, for cardiovascular and all causes. Methods We included 208 patients aged ≥60 years with New York Heart Association class II–IV and left ventricular systolic dysfunction hospitalised in Stockholm during 1996–99. Data on hospital admissions, discharge diagnoses and date and cause of death were collected from administrative databases and medical records until 2007. Cox proportional hazard models were employed to analyse the time to event for mortality and hospitalisations. Results Mean age was 76 years, 58% were male and mean ejection fraction was 34%. Median survival was 4.6 years (range 6 days–11.9 years); 148 patients died. All-cause and cardiovascular mortality were determined by physical mobility (by Nottingham Health Profile), age, gender, diuretic dose and haemoglobin level. Glomerular filtration rate was significant for all-cause mortality, while atrioventricular plane displacement was predictive of cardiovascular mortality. Median time to first all-cause and cardiovascular hospitalisation was 5.7 and 11.2 months, respectively. Time to first all-cause hospitalisation was determined by physical mobility, emotional reactions, age, gender and haemoglobin level, while only physical mobility and diuretic dose predicted time to first cardiovascular hospitalisation. Conclusions In conclusion, in patients with systolic chronic heart failure, physical mobility as part of health-related quality of life is an independent prognostic marker for cardiovascular and all-cause readmissions and mortality over 12 years.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Lindkvist, Emilie, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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Untangling social–ecological interactions : A methods portfolio approach to tackling contemporary sustainability challenges in fisheries
- 2022
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In: Fish and Fisheries. - : Wiley. - 1467-2960 .- 1467-2979. ; 23:5, s. 1202-1220
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Meeting the objectives of sustainable fisheries management requires attention to the complex interactions between humans, institutions and ecosystems that give rise to fishery outcomes. Traditional approaches to studying fisheries often do not fully capture, nor focus on these complex interactions between people and ecosystems. Despite advances in the scope and scale of interactions encompassed by more holistic methods, for example ecosystem-based fisheries management approaches, no single method can adequately capture the complexity of human–nature interactions. Approaches that combine quantitative and qualitative analytical approaches are necessary to generate a deeper understanding of these interactions and illuminate pathways to address fisheries sustainability challenges. However, combining methods is inherently challenging and requires understanding multiple methods from different, often disciplinarily distinct origins, demanding reflexivity of the researchers involved. Social–ecological systems’ research has a history of utilising combinations of methods across the social and ecological realms to account for spatial and temporal dynamics, uncertainty and feedbacks that are key components of fisheries. We describe several categories of analytical methods (statistical modelling, network analysis, dynamic modelling, qualitative analysis and controlled behavioural experiments) and highlight their applications in fisheries research, strengths and limitations, data needs and overall objectives. We then discuss important considerations of a methods portfolio development process, including reflexivity, epistemological and ontological concerns and illustrate these considerations via three case studies. We show that, by expanding their methods portfolios, researchers will be better equipped to study the complex interactions shaping fisheries and contribute to solutions for sustainable fisheries management.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Pilthammar, Johan, et al.
(author)
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An overview of Methods for Simulating Sheet Metal Forming with Elastic Dies
- 2023
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In: 42ND CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL DEEP DRAWING RESEARCH GROUP. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sheet metal forming (SMF) simulations are traditionally carried out with rigid active forming surfaces. This means that the elasticity and dynamics of presses and die structures are ignored. The only geometries of the tools included in the simulations are the active forming surfaces. One reason for this simplification is the large amount of computational power that is required to solve finite element (FE) models that incorporates elastic stamping dies. Another reason is the lack of die CAD models before the later stages of stamping projects. Research during the last couple of decades indicated potential large benefits when including elastic dies in SMF simulations. For example, for simulating die try-out or for Digital Twins of presses and dies. Even though the need and potential benefits of elastic dies in simulations are well known it is not yet implemented on a wide scale. The main obstacles have been lacking data on presses and dies, long simulation times, and no standardized implementation in SMF software. This paper presents an overview of existing methods for SMF simulations with elastic dies and discuss their respective benefits and drawbacks. The survey of methods shows that simulation models with elastic tools will be needed for detailed analyses of forming operations and also for purposes like digital twins. On the other hand, simplified and robust models can be developed for non-FEA users to carry out simple one-step compensation of tool surfaces for virtual spotting purposes. The most promising and versatile method from the literature is selected, modified, and demonstrated for industrial sized dies.
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| 9. |
- Pilthammar, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Three Industrial Cases of Sheet Metal Forming Simulations with Elastic Dies
- 2023
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In: 42ND CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL DEEP DRAWING RESEARCH GROUP. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Previous research and experience points to many advantages if sheet metal forming is simulated with elastic dies. Some areas that are enabled by simulations with elastic dies are virtual spotting, improved digital twins, and improved production support. A promising method was selected from the literature, and after important modifications it is deemed to be fast and robust for simulating industrial sized dies. The method consists of meshing die solids with a coarse mesh to represent the structural behaviour of the die. The forming surfaces are then represented by a fine shell mesh connected to the solid mesh by tied contacts with an offset. With additional modifications to reduce solver time this yields a robust and flexible way of modelling sheet metal forming with elastic dies. There is an increase in preprocessing and simulation time compared to using rigid tools, but industrial dies can now be modeled within an hour and solved within a working day. It is also easy to update the model by replacing separate parts such as die solids or forming surfaces. One of the main criteria in favor of the selected approach is the realistic modeling of blankholder and cushion systems. In this paper simulations of three industrial cases are demonstrated: one case of virtual die spotting and two cases of production support. The three cases demonstrate the importance and potential of using elastic dies during virtual die tryout, production support, and for cases like digital twins and production control.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Håkan, et al.
(author)
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Simulation of leakage flow through dynamic sealing gaps in hydraulic percussion units using a co-simulation approach
- 2021
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In: Simulation (San Diego, Calif.). - : Elsevier B.V.. - 1569-190X .- 1878-1462. ; 111
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study, a previously developed co-simulation method has been expanded to also simulate the dynamic behaviour of sealing gap regions in hydraulic percussion units. This approach is based on a 1D system model representing the fluid components and a 3D finite element model representing the structural parts of a hydraulic hammer. The sealing gap is a fundamental feature of a percussion unit, where the reciprocating motion of the piston is generated by the valve mechanism of the sealing gap. When the gap is closed it will prevent fluid flow between regions of different pressure levels. However, a small leakage flow through the gap will always occur which size depends on the clearance and the position of the piston. The method proposed here will take the structural motion and deformation into consideration when calculating the leakage flow. The deformed state of the structure is approximated by a cylindrical surface, in a least square manner, and communicated through the co-simulation interface to the fluid simulation module, and then used when calculating the leakage flow. This method aims at a more accurate simulation of the leakage flow that will not only yield a more realistic description of the mechanism on the local level, but also a more accurate estimation of global parameters such as overall performance and efficiency. The results indicate that the simulated leakage flow will decrease when dynamic gaps are used in comparison to static gaps, which is a consequence of the deformed structure that will generate smaller clearances. The leakage flow for the dynamic gaps will even be lower than for the static perfectly concentric case, mainly due to the reduction of clearances. The results also indicate that the dynamic eccentricity does not have a major influence on the leakage flow. The outcome from this study highlights the potentials of the described co-simulation approach for analysing the dynamics of the sealing gaps in a hydraulic percussion unit (i.e. gap heights, eccentricity ratios, etc.) including the evaluation of leakage flows and its impact on the overall performance. © 2021
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