| 1. |
- Warnatz, K, et al.
(author)
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B-cell activating factor receptor deficiency is associated with an adult-onset antibody deficiency syndrome in humans
- 2009
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In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490. ; 106:33, s. 13945-13950
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- B-cell survival depends on signals induced by B-cell activating factor (BAFF) binding to its receptor (BAFF-R). In mice, mutations in BAFF or BAFF-R cause B-cell lymphopenia and antibody deficiency. Analyzing BAFF-R expression and BAFF-binding to B cells in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients, we identified two siblings carrying a homozygous deletion in the BAFF-R gene. Removing most of the BAFF-R transmembrane part, the deletion precludes BAFF-R expression. Without BAFF-R, B-cell development is arrested at the stage of transitional B cells and the numbers of all subsequent B-cell stages are severely reduced. Both siblings have lower IgG and IgM serum levels but, unlike most CVID patients, normal IgA concentrations. They also did not mount a T-independent immune response against pneumococcal cell wall polysaccharides but only one BAFF-R-deficient sibling developed recurrent infections. Therefore, deletion of the BAFF-R gene in humans causes a characteristic immunological phenotype but it does not necessarily lead to a clinically manifest immunodeficiency.
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| 2. |
- Fritz, Fabian, et al.
(author)
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Nanoscale X-ray investigation of magnetic metallofullerene peapods
- 2017
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In: Nanotechnology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0957-4484 .- 1361-6528. ; 28:43
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Endohedral lanthanide ions packed inside carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a one-dimensional assembly have been studied with a combination of high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM), and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). By correlating HRTEM and STXM images we show that structures down to 30 nm are resolved with chemical contrast and record X-ray absorption spectra from endohedral lanthanide ions embedded in individual nanoscale CNT bundles. XMCD measurements of an Er3N@C80 bulk sample and a macroscopic assembly of filled CNTs indicates that the magnetic properties of the endohedral Er3+ ions are unchanged when encapsulated in CNTs. This study demonstrates the feasibility of local magnetic X-ray characterization of low concentrations of lanthanide ions embedded in molecular nanostructures.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Avdoshenko, S. M., et al.
(author)
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Partial magnetic ordering in one-dimensional arrays of endofullerene single-molecule magnet peapods
- 2018
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In: Nanoscale. - 2040-3372. ; , s. 18153-18160
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The magnetic ordering and bistability of one-dimensional chains of endofullerene Dy2ScN@C80 single-molecule magnets (SMMs) packed inside single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been studied using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), and ab initio calculations. X-ray absorption measurements reveal that the orientation of the encapsulated endofullerenes differs from the isotropic distribution in the bulk sample, indicating a partial ordering of the endofullerenes inside the SWCNTs. The effect of the one-dimensional packing was further investigated by ab initio calculations, demonstrating that for specific tube diameters, the encapsulation is leading to energetically preferential orientations of the endohedral clusters. Additionally, element-specific magnetization curves reveal a decreased magnetic bistability of the encapsulated Dy2ScN@C80 SMMs compared to the bulk analog.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Spree, Lukas, et al.
(author)
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Single-Molecule Magnets DyM2N@C80and Dy2MN@C80(M=Sc, Lu): The Impact of Diamagnetic Metals on Dy3++Magnetic Anisotropy, Dy···Dy Coupling, and Mixing of Molecular and Lattice Vibrations
- 2020
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In: Chemistry: A European Journal. - : Wiley. - 1521-3765 .- 0947-6539. ; 26:11, s. 2436-2449
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The substitution of scandium in fullerene single‐molecule magnets (SMMs) DySc2N@C80 and Dy2ScN@C80 by lutetium has been studied to explore the influence of the diamagnetic metal on the SMM performance of dysprosium nitride clusterfullerenes. The use of lutetium led to an improved SMM performance of DyLu2N@C80, which shows a higher blocking temperature of magnetization (TB=9.5 K), longer relaxation times, and broader hysteresis than DySc2N@C80 (TB=6.9 K). At the same time, Dy2LuN@C80 was found to have a similar blocking temperature of magnetization to Dy2ScN@C80 (TB=8 K), but substantially different interactions between the magnetic moments of the dysprosium ions in the Dy2MN clusters. Surprisingly, although the intramolecular dipolar interactions in Dy2LuN@C80 and Dy2ScN@C80 are of similar strength, the exchange interactions in Dy2LuN@C80 are close to zero. Analysis of the low‐frequency molecular and lattice vibrations showed strong mixing of the lattice modes and endohedral cluster librations in k‐space. This mixing simplifies the spin–lattice relaxation by conserving the momentum during the spin flip and helping to distribute the moment and energy further into the lattice.
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| 8. |
- Westerström, Rasmus, et al.
(author)
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Precise measurement of angles between two magnetic moments and their configurational stability in single-molecule magnets
- 2021
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In: Physical Review B. - 2469-9950. ; 104:22
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A key parameter for the low-temperature magnetic coupling of in dinuclear lanthanide single-molecule magnets (SMMs) is the barrier UFA resulting from the exchange and dipole interactions between the two 4f moments. Here we extend the pseudospin model previously used to describe the ground state of dinuclear endofullerenes to account for variations in the orientation of the single-ion anisotropy axes and apply it to the two SMMs Dy2ScN@C80 and Dy2TiC@C80. While x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) indicates the same Jz=15/2 Dy ground state in both molecules, the Dy-Dy coupling strength and the stability of magnetization is distinct. We demonstrate that both the magnitude of the barrier UFA and the angle between the two 4f moments are determined directly from precise temperature-dependent magnetization data to an accuracy better than 1. The experimentally found angles between the 4f moments are in excellent agreement with calculated angles between the quantization axes of the two Dy ions. Theory indicates a larger deviation of the orientation of the Dy magnetic moments from the Dy bond axes to the central ion in Dy2TiC@C80. This may explain the lower stability of the magnetization in Dy2TiC@C80, although it exhibits a ∼49% stronger exchange coupling than in Dy2ScN@C80.
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