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| 2. |
- Breyer, Nils, et al.
(author)
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Attraktivare tågresor med byten genom trafikinformation om anslutningssäkerheten
- 2024
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In: Sammanställning av referat från Transportforum 2024. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 114-115
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Resenärer upplever byten som oattraktiva vilket leder till att färre väljer att resa kollektivt om resan kräver byten. Färdmedelsvalet påverkas inte bara av den faktiska tiden som krävs för bytet, utan resenärer upplever också ytterligare ett bytesmotstånd på mellan 5 och 13 minuter eftersom varje byte tillför osäkerhet och komplexitet till resan. Ett sätt att minska bytesmotsståndet är att under resans gång tillhandahålla resenärer bättre information om kommande byten. Vi har därför belyst följande frågeställningar: Hur kan anslutningssäkerheten mellan tåg analyseras baserad på historiska data?Hur kan anslutningssäkerheten mellan tåg skattas utifrån aktuell trafiksituation?På vilket sätt kan anslutningssäkerheten och annan relevant information kommuniceras till resenären för att underlätta resor med byten?Vi definierar en potentiell anslutning som ett par av tåg a och b, där den planerade avgången för tåg b är mellan 3 och 60 minuter efter den planerade ankomsten av tåg a. Anslutningssäkerheten mellan tågen är sannolikheten att det utifrån den faktiska ankomsten för tåg a går att nå den faktiska avgången för tåg b. Vi använder flera månaders historisk tågtrafikinformation om tågens ankomst- och avgångstider för att analysera faktorer som påverkar anslutnigssäkerheten. För att få en uppfattning i realtid om en kommande anslutningen nås kan resenärer idag titta på de beräknade tider för tågen som kommuniceras till resenärer i händelse av förseningar. Dessa tider kan dock vara svåra att leta fram, ändras ofta i efterhand och osäkerheten är okänd för resenärerna. Vi presenterar i stället modeller som i realtid uppskattar anslutningssäkerheten för ett specifikt byte som en resenär ska göra. Modeller använder sig dels av historiska utfall, dels av aktuella trafikinformationsdata. Genom att dela upp datasetet i tränings- och valideringsperioder utvärderas den modellerna för att beräkna anslutningssäkerheten.Vi använder Alvesta station som fallstudie. Stationen är en viktig nod i Sverige där Södra stambanan och den enkelspåriga linjen Göteborg - Kalmar möts. Totalt innehåller datasetet 16413 passagerartåg och 60619 potentiella anslutningar. Analysen av denna historiska data visar att anslutningssäkerheten generellt minskar under dagen och är särskilt låg på kvällen. En första trädbaserad modell indikerar även att anslutningar från fjärrtåg är mer osäkra då dessa tåg i högre grad är försenade.
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| 4. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(author)
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- 2012
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In: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479 .- 1126-6708. ; :12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 5. |
- Abbott, Benjamin W., et al.
(author)
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Biomass offsets little or none of permafrost carbon release from soils, streams, and wildfire : an expert assessment
- 2016
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In: Environmental Research Letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 1748-9326. ; 11:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- As the permafrost region warms, its large organic carbon pool will be increasingly vulnerable to decomposition, combustion, and hydrologic export. Models predict that some portion of this release will be offset by increased production of Arctic and boreal biomass; however, the lack of robust estimates of net carbon balance increases the risk of further overshooting international emissions targets. Precise empirical or model-based assessments of the critical factors driving carbon balance are unlikely in the near future, so to address this gap, we present estimates from 98 permafrost-region experts of the response of biomass, wildfire, and hydrologic carbon flux to climate change. Results suggest that contrary to model projections, total permafrost-region biomass could decrease due to water stress and disturbance, factors that are not adequately incorporated in current models. Assessments indicate that end-of-the-century organic carbon release from Arctic rivers and collapsing coastlines could increase by 75% while carbon loss via burning could increase four-fold. Experts identified water balance, shifts in vegetation community, and permafrost degradation as the key sources of uncertainty in predicting future system response. In combination with previous findings, results suggest the permafrost region will become a carbon source to the atmosphere by 2100 regardless of warming scenario but that 65%-85% of permafrost carbon release can still be avoided if human emissions are actively reduced.
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| 6. |
- Aqueveque, Pedro, et al.
(author)
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Antimicrobial activity of metabolites from mycelial cultures of Chilean Basidiomycetes
- 2006
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In: Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society. - 0717-9707. ; 51:4, s. 1059-1060
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We reported seven compounds isolated from mycelial cultures of Chilean Basidiomycetes. The compound structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Two polyacetylenes were isolated from Gymnopilus spectabilis: hepta-4,6-diyn-3-ol (1) and 7-chloro-hepta-4,6-diyn-3 ol (2). We isolated the aromatic compounds p-anisaldehyde (3) and 3-chloro-p-anisaldehyde (4) from Hypholoma capnoides. H. fasciculare produced the compounds (3), (4), 3,5-dichloro-4-metoxi-benzyl alcohol (5) and the sesquiterpen naematolon (6). Finally, H. sublateritium produced (5) and another sesquiterpen, marasmal (7). The compounds (1), (2), (5), and (7) showed biological activity against the tested model microorganism.
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| 7. |
- Chapman, David, et al.
(author)
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‘Levelling-up walking as a mode of transport’ : a case for changing hierarchies
- 2024
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In: Sammanställning av referat från Transportforum 2024. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 509-509
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- During Autumn 2021, the Architecture Group at Luleå University of Technology initiated three workshops with academics and practitioners across Scandinavia to address ‘levelling-up’ walking as a mode of transport. Despite the key role of walking in the total traffic environment, walking 'as a mode of transport' is often over-looked in the transport planning discourse. Today, most emphasis is placed on either motorized transport or transport modes such as cycling, regardless of whether the focus is on city planning, logistics or safety. Consequentially, the focus of this study was to gather leading researchers and practitioners – in different and various ways related to walking as a mode of transport – to identify common problems, issues, and priorities, as well as to identify potential ways forward in solving these issues. Potential participants were strategically selected from the authors’ professional networks. Participants were asked to fill in a survey individually, the results of which were discussed in focus group seminars. The combination of both individual and collective opinions has the advantage of both making sure that all individual’s specific comments are included as well as the combined experiences and perspectives. Results: In total, the three workshops had 125 attendees; 44 attended seminar 1, 43 in seminar 2 and 41 in seminar 3. Participants were encouraged to attend multiple seminars and 14 delegates attended all seminars, 17 attended 2 seminars and 31 attended 1 seminar. In total, 68 unique participants were engaged in the research outside the project team. The overarching characteristic of the participants was a professional interest in the concept of ‘Walking as a mode of transport’. The results of individual questions identified a large range of perspectives, thereby highlighting the broad competencies in the participants. It also highlighted three overarching themes; (1) Policy and strategy, 2) Objective and subjective safety, and 3) Create, design and maintain. These themes formed the basis of later workshops. The workshops found a number of overarching themes including “The view of walking and pedestrians”, “Social and spatial planning”, “Data and indicators and data for follow-up”, “Responsibility and organisation”, “Lack of overall strategies and guidelines as well as a diffuse field of research”, “Socio-economic aspects”, and “Socioeconomic effects”.
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| 8. |
- Escobar Kvitting, John-Peder, et al.
(author)
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Regional asynchrony in acute ischemia and stunning : an experimental myocardial velocity and strain rate imaging study
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Objective: To quantify motion and deformation asynchrony using Doppler myocardial imaging (DMI) during acute total ischemia, and stunning of the posterior left ventricular wall (PW) in comparison with the interventricular septum (IVS).Methods: Ischemia of the PW was induced in closed-chest pigs using an angioplasty balloon positioned in the circumflex coronary artery. Animals were divided into three groups: normal controls (Group I - n = 6), total ischemia (Group II - n = 8), and stunning (Group III - n = 6) induced by coronary occlusion with distal coronary perfusion maintained via a perfusion catheter coupled to a roller pump (Group III). In addition, a 2-step dobutamine challenge (5 and 10 µg.kg-1 .min-1) was performed in groups I and III. Doppler myocardial velocity and strain rate cineloops were acquired from a parasternal short axis view.Results: The pre-ejection time (T1) and the duration of regional mechanical systole (SYS) became shorter with inotropic stimulation. During total ischemia T1 was prolonged and SYS shortened significantly compared to baseline values [62 ± 14 vs. 55 ± 13 ms (P < 0.05)], [164 ± 13 vs. 240 ± 27 ms (P < 0.001)], respectively. The fraction T1/SYS was accordingly higher. No changes were observed for the contra lateral non-ischemic wall. In group III, the post-ischemic myocardium had a similar response as non-ischemic myocardium to the dobutamine challenge.Conclusion: Consistent changes in local pre-ejection time and regional mechanical systole are induced by intropic stimulation and by total ischemia. However, the response to intropic stimulation did not differ between normal and stunned myocardium.
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| 10. |
- Gorshunov, B. P., et al.
(author)
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Subterahertz electrodynamics of (TMTSF)(2)X (X = ClO4, PF6) salts
- 2013
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In: Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics. - 1063-7761 .- 1090-6509. ; 116:3, s. 460-466
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The terahertz-subterahertz spectra of the complex permittivity and dynamic conductivity of polycrystalline (TMTSF)(2)ClO4 and (TMTSF)(2)PF6 samples are measured quantitatively. The spectra of (TMTSF)(2)ClO4 have absorption lines at frequencies of 7 and 30 cm(-1). The obtained temperature dependences of the line parameters in the range 5-300 K cast some doubt on the earlier concept of their phonon origin. An excitation is detected at temperatures below 20 K in the frequency range near 30 cm(-1), and its nature is related to the activation of a transverse acoustic phonon caused by the folding of the Brillouin zone due to the ordering of noncentrosymmetrical anions below 20 K. An increase in the carrier relaxation rate is found in this temperature range, which indicates a close relation between the electron and phonon subsystems in (TMTSF)(2)ClO4. Sings of additional low-energy excitations that should manifest themselves at frequencies below 1-2 cm(-1) are detected. (TMTSF)(2)PF6 containing centrosymmetrical anions has no absorption lines in the frequency range 3-20 cm(-1) and the temperature range 5-300 K.
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