| 1. |
- Albán Reyes, Diana Carolina, et al.
(author)
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Activation of dissolving cellulose pulp at low water content
- 2015
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In: 4th EPNOE International Polysaccharide Conference.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Mercerisation of cellulose by alkali treatment is the first step in modifying natural cellulose fibres into many commercial cellulosic materials. During treatment, the fiber transforms into a reactive and highly swollen material called alkali cellulose (Na-Cell). In case NaOH is washed out of the cellulose structure, Na-Cell turn into Cellulose II upon drying (Langan et al. 2001). The aim of the present study was to gain a better understanding of the mercerisation of dissolving cellulose pulp at low water content. This has been done by spraying NaOH onto milled cellulose in a kneader, then washing the cellulose to neutrality to stop the reaction. After drying the transformation degree to cellulose II was analysed. The experiments include variation of temperature (30-60°C), reaction time (5 and 25 min), [NaOH] (45-55%), and NaOH:Cellulose molar ratio (0.8- 1.8). A combination of NIR Raman imaging and multivariate data analysis have been used to study the transformation degree. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time the influence of NaOH: Cellulose molar ratio on the mercerisation process has been studied in a single model together with temperature, reaction time and [NaOH]. Our results indicate that increased NaOH: Cellulose molar ratio has a significant positive influence on transformation degree of dissolving cellulose pulp at low water content.
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| 2. |
- Bråve, Andreas, et al.
(author)
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Intranasal immunization of young mice with a multigene HIV-1 vaccine in combination with the N3 adjuvant induces mucosal and systemic immune responses
- 2008
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In: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-410X .- 1873-2518. ; 26:40, s. 5075-5078
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- One of the major challenges for the development of an HIV vaccine is to induce potent virus-specific immune responses at the mucosal surfaces where transmission of virus occurs. Intranasal delivery of classical vaccines has been shown to induce good mucosal antibody responses, but so far for genetic vaccines the success has been limited. This study shows that young individuals are sensitive to nasal immunization with a genetic vaccine delivered in a formulation of a lipid adjuvant, the Eurocine N3. Intranasal delivery of a multiclade/multigene HIV-1 genetic vaccine gave rise to vaginal and rectal IgA responses as well as systemic humoral and cellular responses. As electroporation might become the preferred means of delivering genetic vaccines for systemic HIV immunity, nasal delivery by droplet formulation in a lipid adjuvant might become a means of priming or boosting the mucosal immunity. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Cider, L., et al.
(author)
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Cross-Desorption of Differently Adsorbed Carbon-Monoxide on Pd Alpha-Al2o3 by Means of Acetylene
- 1991
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In: Journal of Molecular Catalysis. - 0304-5102. ; 67:3, s. 323-331
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cross-desorption of carbon monoxide on Pd/alpha-Al2O3 by means of acetylene was studied spectrophotometrically. Both linearly bonded and bridge-bonded carbon monoxide were found to cross-desorb rapidly, and the linearly bonded form was most easily cross-desorbed. It could not be shown whether the cross-desorption of bridge-bonded carbon monoxide proceeded via the linearly bonded form or not. The role played by surface carbonate or some adsorbed species related to carbon monoxide giving absorption bands at 1630, 1510 and 1420 cm-1 is not fully understood at present.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Hinkula, Jorma, 1958-, et al.
(author)
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Safety and immunogenicity, after nasal application of HIV-1 DNA gagp37 plasmid vaccine in young mice
- 2008
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In: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-410X .- 1873-2518. ; 26:40, s. 5101-5106
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: There is a need for safe and potent adjuvants capable of delivering vaccine candidates over the mucosal barrier, with good capacity to stimulate both mucosal and systemic cell-mediated and humoral immunity. An adjuvant aimed for intranasal delivery should preferably deliver the antigen and minimize the transfer into the close proximity of the central nervous system, thus avoiding damage on the olfactory tissues. Advantages with a mucosal delivery route would be to provide mucosal and systemic immunity, requiring lower vaccine doses then when given parentally. The aim of this study was to study if the N3 adjuvant intranasally administered with HIV DNA plasmids would be transferred into the olfactory tissues and cause local inflammation and tissue damage. Results: The N3 adjuvant alone and when combined with HIV-1 DNA gag plasmid and delivered intranasally did not cause detectable damage to the nasal epithelium or the olfactory epithelium or bulb over a period of 3 days after delivery. The intranasal administration of HIV-1 gagp37 DNA induced both a humoral and a cell-mediated immunity against the gag antigen. Significantly higher HIV-1-specific humoral, but not cell-mediated immune responses were seen in DNA/N3-immunized mice in comparison with HIV-1 DNA/saline-immunized animals. Conclusions: A safe and convenient intranasal mode of HIV-1 DNA plasmid and adjuvant delivery was shown not to interfere with the tissues in close proximity to the central nervous system. The N3 adjuvant combined with HIV-1 plasmids enhances the HIV-1-specific immunogenicity and merits to be clinically tested. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Mattsson, Niklas, 1979, et al.
(author)
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The Alzheimer's Association external quality control program for cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers.
- 2011
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In: Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association. - : Wiley. - 1552-5279. ; 7:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers amyloid β (Aβ)-42, total-tau (T-tau), and phosphorylated-tau (P-tau) demonstrate good diagnostic accuracy for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, there are large variations in biomarker measurements between studies, and between and within laboratories. The Alzheimer's Association has initiated a global quality control program to estimate and monitor variability of measurements, quantify batch-to-batch assay variations, and identify sources of variability. In this article, we present the results from the first two rounds of the program.
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| 7. |
- Nyström, Sanna, et al.
(author)
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DNA-Encoded Flagellin Activates Toll-Like Receptor 5 (TLR5), Nod-like Receptor Family CARD Domain-Containing Protein 4 (NRLC4), and Acts as an Epidermal, Systemic, and Mucosal-Adjuvant
- 2013
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In: Vaccines. - Basel, Switzerland : MDPI AG. - 2076-393X. ; 1:4, s. 415-443
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Eliciting effective immune responses using non-living/replicating DNA vaccines is a significant challenge. We have previously shown that ballistic dermal plasmid DNA-encoded flagellin (FliC) promotes humoral as well as cellular immunity to co-delivered antigens. Here, we observe that a plasmid encoding secreted FliC (pFliC(-gly)) produces flagellin capable of activating two innate immune receptors known to detect flagellin; Toll-like Receptor 5 (TLR5) and Nod-like Receptor family CARD domain-containing protein 4 (NRLC4). To test the ability of pFliC(-gly) to act as an adjuvant we immunized mice with plasmid encoding secreted FliC (pFliC(-gly)) and plasmid encoding a model antigen (ovalbumin) by three different immunization routes representative of dermal, systemic, and mucosal tissues. By all three routes we observed increases in antigen-specific antibodies in serum as well as MHC Class I-dependent cellular immune responses when pFliC(-gly) adjuvant was added. Additionally, we were able to induce mucosal antibody responses and Class II-dependent cellular immune responses after mucosal vaccination with pFliC(-gly). Humoral immune responses elicited by heterologus prime-boost immunization with a plasmid encoding HIV-1 from gp160 followed by protein boosting could be enhanced by use of pFliC(-gly). We also observed enhancement of cross-clade reactive IgA as well as a broadening of B cell epitope reactivity. These observations indicate that plasmid-encoded secreted flagellin can activate multiple innate immune responses and function as an adjuvant to non-living/replicating DNA immunizations. Moreover, the capacity to elicit mucosal immune responses, in addition to dermal and systemic properties, demonstrates the potential of flagellin to be used with vaccines designed to be delivered by various routes.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Schröder, Fritz H, et al.
(author)
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Prostate-cancer mortality at 11 years of follow-up.
- 2012
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In: The New England journal of medicine. - 1533-4406 .- 0028-4793. ; 366:11, s. 981-90
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Several trials evaluating the effect of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing on prostate-cancer mortality have shown conflicting results. We updated prostate-cancer mortality in the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer with 2 additional years of follow-up.
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| 10. |
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