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- Heimburg, Katarina, et al.
(author)
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Physical activity after cardiac arrest; protocol of a sub-study in the Targeted Hypothermia versus Targeted Normothermia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest trial (TTM2)
- 2021
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In: Resuscitation Plus. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-5204. ; 5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: The primary aim of this study is to investigate whether out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors have lower levels of self-reported physical activity compared to a non-cardiac arrest (CA) control group who had acute myocardial infarction (MI). Additional aims are to explore potential predictors of physical inactivity (older age, female gender, problems with general physical function, global cognition, mental processing speed/attention, anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, kinesiophobia, fatigue), and to investigate the relationship between self-reported and objectively measured physical activity among OHCA-survivors. Methods: The Targeted Hypothermia versus Targeted Normothermia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest trial (TTM2-trial) collects information regarding age, gender, self-reported physical activity, general physical function, global cognition and mental processing speed/attention at 6 months after OHCA. In this TTM2-trial cross-sectional prospective sub-study, participants at selected sites are invited to an additional follow-up meeting within 4 weeks from the main study follow-up. At this meeting, information regarding anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, kinesiophobia and fatigue is collected. The OHCA-survivors are then provided with an objective measure of physical activity, a hip-placed accelerometer, to wear for one week, together with a training diary. At the end of the week, participants are asked to once again answer two self-reported questions regarding physical activity for that specific week. MI-controls attend a single follow-up meeting and perform the same assessments as the OHCA-survivors, except from wearing the accelerometer. We aim to include 110 OHCA-survivors and 110 MI-controls in Sweden, Denmark and the United Kingdom. Conclusion: The results from this sub-study will provide novel information about physical activity among OHCA-survivors.
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- Johnsen, J I, et al.
(author)
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Inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin downregulate MYCN protein expression and inhibit neuroblastoma growth in vitro and in vivo
- 2008
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In: Oncogene. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0950-9232 .- 1476-5594. ; 27:20, s. 2910-2922
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been shown to play an important function in cell proliferation, metabolism and tumorigenesis, and proteins that regulate signaling through mTOR are frequently altered in human cancers. In this study we investigated the phosphorylation status of key proteins in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and the effects of the mTOR inhibitors rapamycin and CCI-779 on neuroblastoma tumorigenesis. Significant expression of activated AKT and mTOR were detected in all primary neuroblastoma tissue samples investigated, but not in non-malignant adrenal medullas. mTOR inhibitors showed antiproliferative effects on neuroblastoma cells in vitro. Neuroblastoma cell lines expressing high levels of MYCN were significantly more sensitive to mTOR inhibitors compared to cell lines expressing low MYCN levels. Established neuroblastoma tumors treated with mTOR inhibitors in vivo showed increased apoptosis, decreased proliferation and inhibition of angiogenesis. Importantly, mTOR inhibitors induced downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) secretion, cyclin D1 and MYCN protein expression in vitro and in vivo. Our data suggest that mTOR inhibitors have therapeutic efficacy on aggressive MYCN amplified neuroblastomas. © 2008 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved.
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- Minniti, A, et al.
(author)
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A Schumpeterian growth model with random quality improvements
- 2013
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In: Economic Theory. - : Springer Verlag (Germany). - 0938-2259 .- 1432-0479. ; 52:2, s. 755-791
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A common assumption in the Schumpeterian growth literature is that the innovation size is constant and identical across industries. This is in contrast with the empirical evidence which shows that: (1) innovation size is not identical across industries and (2) the size distribution of profit returns from innovation is highly skewed toward the low value side, with a long tail on the high value side. In the present paper, we develop a Schumpeterian growth model that is consistent with this evidence. In particular, we assume that when a firm innovates, the size of its quality improvement is the result of a random draw from a Pareto distribution. This enables us to extend the class of quality-ladder growth models to encompass firm heterogeneity. We study the policy implications of this new setup numerically and find that it is optimal to heavily subsidize RXX1D for plausible parameter values. Although it is optimal to tax RXX1D for some parameter values, this case only occurs when the steady-state rate of economic growth is very low.
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