| 1. |
- de Haan, Caroline P. A., et al.
(author)
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Decreasing trend of overlapping multilocus sequence types between human and chicken Campylobacter jejuni isolates over a decade in Finland
- 2010
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In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - 0099-2240 .- 1098-5336. ; 76:15, s. 5228-5236
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We describe the long-term multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis of the population structure and dynamics of 454 Finnish human Campylobacter jejuni isolates, as well as 208 chicken isolates, collected during the mid-1990s to 2007. The sequence type clonal complexes (ST CC) ST-45 CC, ST-21 CC, and ST-677 CC were the most common ones found among all isolates, and they covered 73.9% of all isolates. The ST-283 CC also was found frequently among chicken isolates (8.2%). The predominant STs among all isolates were ST-45, ST-50, and ST-677. ST-137 and ST-230 were common among human isolates, and ST-267 was found more frequently among chicken isolates than human isolates. The ST-45 CC was significantly associated with chicken isolates (P < 0.01), whereas the ST-21 CC was associated with human isolates (P < 0.001). The ST-677 CC was not associated with any host (P = 0.5), and an opposite temporary trend of this complex was seen among chicken and human isolates, with an increase in the former and a decrease in the latter during the study period. Furthermore, the ST-22 and ST-48 CCs were significantly associated with human isolates (P < 0.01), but neither of the CCs was found in chicken isolates. The annual overlap between STs from human and chicken isolates decreased from 76% at the beginning of the study to 58% at the end. Our results suggest that the importance of chicken as a reservoir for strains associated with human infections has declined despite the consumption of domestic chicken meat increasing during the follow-up period by 83%.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Lawaczeck Körner, Kajsa
(author)
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Walking Along, Wandering Off and Going Astray A Critical Normativity Approach to Walking as a Situated Architectural Experience
- 2016
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- There is a lack of attention toward the diversity in experiences of architecture that are expressed through walking. Through the application of autoethnography and critical perspectives of queer and feminist theory, this dissertation develops a method for investigating experiences of architecture in regard to the activity of walking. In addition, this thesis addresses the influence of form, materiality, and social aspects on walk conditions, thus providing architectural perspectives on design and planning that aim to address a heterogeneity among people who walk or are involved in walk matters in their everyday life. The result is an investigatory framework—critical normativity—that consists of three components: observations through a walk diary, the walk technique going astray, and the theoretical application of a critical terminology. These components work to address and situate experiences of spatiality and materiality and their impact on our walk experiences. The walk diary is a data collecting technique that stresses subjectivity of experiences, going astray is an approach that should encourage associations and openness in attitude in the investigatory phase, and the critical terminology is a theoretical framework addressing normativity and thereby positioning the interpretations of the empirical material. The applied main concepts of the critical terminology are: dis-/orientation, background/foreground, performativity, differences, situated knowledges and partial perspective, all of which are derived from queer and feminist theory. The dissertation shows that the researchers, eventually also designers and planners, will benefit from actively engaging themselves in the world of walking by reflecting and incorporating their own walk experiences into their methods and work, in order to develop empathy with the research topic, as well as critically situating their own knowledge perspectives. This way—i.e. by applying a critical normativity—the formation of walk related identities will inevitably activate: questions of e.g. desires; power to act; identity formation; subjectivity and temporality in regard to the experiences of space and materiality. In the application of the investigatory framework—critical normativity—the impact and dynamics of time, in regard to variation in action possibilities, are also addressed. This points to the fact that, in order to include a range of walk needs and behaviors, perception of difference—in particular difference that has not been pre-defined—in itself should be addressed, along with further development of performativity perspectives and identity formation as important constituents of walk conditions.
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| 4. |
- de Haan, J. E. S., et al.
(author)
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Stabilising system frequency using HVDC between the Continental European, Nordic, and Great Britain systems
- 2016
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In: Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks. - : Elsevier. - 2352-4677. ; 5, s. 125-134
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- For future efficiency improvement of the frequency containment process (primary control) within European power systems, cooperation between (multiple) synchronous areas using their controllable HVDC interconnections is optioned. However, the differences in system size, HVDC interconnection capacity, and the balancing performance per individual system will have its specific system frequency effect for each different balancing cooperation concept. Consequently, without alignment on cooperation, HVDC balancing might lead to disproportional support between systems, to frequency oscillations, reserve unreliability and non-compliancy, and to network constraints. Therefore, this work assesses frequency quality and associated DC power flows for several balancing arrangements, using a developed load-frequency control model with frequency interdependency for coupled power system. For a trilateral balancing cooperation case study, it is found that certain cooperation concepts result in undesired frequency oscillation and poor frequency quality. However, cooperation where especially fast-response services are shared, such as virtual inertia, show improved system frequency performance. For the case where power imbalances are proportionately distributed among the systems, it is concluded that power transfers over HVDC interconnections are limited and additional control optimisation can be performed. Those concepts with aligned central or coordinated control show best results for a future cooperation for balancing between synchronous areas.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Metzger, Christine, et al.
(author)
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CO2 fluxes and ecosystem dynamics at five European treeless peatlands - merging data and process oriented modeling
- 2015
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In: Biogeosciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1726-4170 .- 1726-4189. ; 12:1, s. 125-146
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange of five different peatland systems across Europe with a wide gradient in land use intensity, water table depth, soil fertility and climate was simulated with the process oriented CoupModel. The aim of the study was to find out whether CO2 fluxes, measured at different sites, can be explained by common processes and parameters or to what extend a site specific configuration is needed. The model was calibrated to fit measured CO2 fluxes, soil temperature, snow depth and leaf area index (LAI) and resulting differences in model parameters were analyzed. Finding site independent model parameters would mean that differences in the measured fluxes could be explained solely by model input data: water table, meteorological data, management and soil inventory data. Seasonal variability in the major fluxes was well captured, when a site independent configuration was utilized for most of the parameters. Parameters that differed between sites included the rate of soil organic decomposition, photosynthetic efficiency, and regulation of the mobile carbon (C) pool from senescence to shooting in the next year. The largest difference between sites was the rate coefficient for heterotrophic respiration. Setting it to a common value would lead to underestimation of mean total respiration by a factor of 2.8 up to an overestimation by a factor of 4. Despite testing a wide range of different responses to soil water and temperature, rate coefficients for heterotrophic respiration were consistently the lowest on formerly drained sites and the highest on the managed sites. Substrate decomposability, pH and vegetation characteristics are possible explanations for the differences in decomposition rates. Specific parameter values for the timing of plant shooting and senescence, the photosynthesis response to temperature, litter fall and plant respiration rates, leaf morphology and allocation fractions of new assimilates, were not needed, even though the gradient in site latitude ranged from 48 degrees N (southern Germany) to 68 degrees N (northern Finland) differed largely in their vegetation. This was also true for common parameters defining the moisture and temperature response for decomposition, leading to the conclusion that a site specific interpretation of these processes is not necessary. In contrast, the rate of soil organic decomposition, photosynthetic efficiency, and the regulation of the mobile carbon pool need to be estimated from available information on specific soil conditions, vegetation and management of the ecosystems, to be able to describe CO2 fluxes under different conditions.
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| 7. |
- Annes, Sesuraj Babiola, et al.
(author)
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Deep Eutectic Solvent Mediated Alkyne-Carbonyl Metathesis (ACM) Reaction for the Synthesis of 2H-Chromene Derivatives
- 2019
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In: ChemistrySelect. - : Wiley. - 2365-6549. ; 4:20, s. 6245-6249
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- 2H-Chromene is an important structural motif present in many biologically active compounds, natural products and showed many other properties. Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) an environmentally benign and alternative to the conventional organic volatile solvents has been utilized first time for the synthesis of the 2H-chromene derivatives in moderated to excellent yields. The DES is recycled for 5 times for the synthesis of 2H-chromene derivatives. Based on the stability of ring size, we justified the regio-selectivity on the formation of cyclization product. Based on the control experiments, we ruled out the free radical mechanism and propose the ACM mechanistic path to construct chromene skeleton.
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| 8. |
- Pino-Chamorro, Jose Ángel, et al.
(author)
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Mechanism of [3+2] Cycloaddition of Alkynes to the [Mo3S4(acac)(3)(py)(3)][PF6] Cluster
- 2015
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In: Chemistry - A European Journal. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 0947-6539 .- 1521-3765. ; 21:7, s. 2835-2844
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A study, involving kinetic measurements on the stopped-flow and conventional UV/Vis timescales, ESI-MS, NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations, has been carried out to understand the mechanism of the reaction of [Mo3S4(acac)(3)(py)(3)][PF6] ([1]PF6; acac = acetylacetonate, py = pyridine) with two RC equivalent to CR alkynes (R = CH2OH (btd), COOH (adc)) in CH3CN. Both reactions show polyphasic kinetics, but experimental and computational data indicate that alkyne activation occurs in a single kinetic step through a concerted mechanism similar to that of organic [3+2] cycloaddition reactions, in this case through the interaction with one Mo(mu-S)(2) moiety of [1](+). The rate of this step is three orders of magnitude faster for adc than that for btd, and the products initially formed evolve in subsequent steps into compounds that result from substitution of py ligands or from reorganization to give species with different structures. Activation strain analysis of the [3+2] cycloaddition step reveals that the deformation of the two reactants has a small contribution to the difference in the computed activation barriers, which is mainly associated with the change in the extent of their interaction at the transition-state structures. Subsequent frontier molecular orbital analysis shows that the carboxylic acid substituents on adc stabilize its HOMO and LUMO orbitals with respect to those on btd due to better electron-withdrawing properties. As a result, the frontier molecular orbitals of the cluster and alkyne become closer in energy; this allows a stronger interaction.
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| 9. |
- Carravetta, Vincenzo, et al.
(author)
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An atomistic explanation of the ethanol-water azeotrope
- 2022
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In: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 24:42, s. 26037-26045
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ethanol and water form an azeotropic mixture at an ethanol molecular percentage of similar to 91% (similar to 96% by volume), which prohibits ethanol from being further purified via distillation. Aqueous solutions at different concentrations in ethanol have been studied both experimentally and theoretically. We performed cylindrical micro-jet photoelectron spectroscopy, excited by synchrotron radiation, 70 eV above C1s ionization threshold, providing optimal atomic-scale surface-probing. Large model systems have been employed to simulate, by molecular dynamics, slabs of the aqueous solutions and obtain an atomistic description of both bulk and surface regions. We show how the azeotropic behaviour results from an unexpected concentration-dependence of the surface composition. While ethanol strongly dominates the surface and water is almost completely depleted from the surface for most mixing ratios, the different intermolecular bonding patterns of the two components cause water to penetrate to the surface region at high ethanol concentrations. The addition of surface water increases its relative vapour pressure, giving rise to the azeotropic behaviour.
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| 10. |
- van Vliet, Jolanda S., 1970-
(author)
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Balancing body perception during growth and development
- 2015
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Among children and adolescents, the drive to be slender and the fear of being fat is a growing public health concern. This trend stands in contrast to the increasing prevalence of overweight reported worldwide. Both feeling too fat and being overweight are associated with physical, psychological and social health-related issues from a shortand long-term perspective. The aim of this thesis is to study body perception in relation to actual body size and the bodily changes that occur naturally during puberty. Another objective is to identify risk factors for overweight, overweight perception and unhealthy eating habits in childhood and adolescence.This thesis describes the prevalence of 1) perception of overweight, 2) overweight/obesity and 3) unhealthy eating habits in Finland and Sweden. We compare our results with the World Health Organization (WHO) Health Behaviour in Schoolchildren (HBSC) survey in 2001/2002 and 2009/2010. Our cross-sectional studies were performed on a female cohort of 11-18 year old girls in Finland and a cohort of boys and girls 7-17 years in Sweden.In both Finland and Sweden, the prevalence of overweight increased over time, especially among boys. Also perception of overweight increased over time – not just among girls, but also among boys. We found social inequality in overweight, particularly in boys in relation to maternal socioeconomic status. No social inequality, but age and gender differences were found in relation to perception of overweight, where girls older than 13 years showed the highest prevalence. Body perception among girls agreed better with international reference values for waist circumference (WC) than for body mass index (BMI). Breast development and acne increased the risk for overweight perception, particularly among non-overweight girls. Perception of overweight was the strongest risk factor for dieting and skipping breakfast in both boys and girls. These behaviours were more common among adolescents than among younger boys and girls. Skipping breakfast was related to unbalanced food consumption patterns in both sexes, but in a gender-specific way.We have shown that body perception during growth and development relates to a complex age- and gender-specific balance between body size, stage and timing of pubertal maturation, eating habits as well as parental and peer influences. From a broader perspective, improving adequate body perception entails optimising this balance by influencing one or more of the individual, societal and environmental factors that determine health outcomes among children and adolescents, tracking into adulthood.
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