| 1. |
- Berntsson, Lars-Olof, et al.
(author)
-
EAST-ADL 2.0 Specification
- 2008
-
Reports (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This specification of the EAST ADL 2.0 is based on the EAST-ADL developed in the EAST EEA projectand has been further refined and harmonized with on-going modelling appraches in the automotiveindustry. It presents the modeling infrastructure, i.e. how the modeling elements should be represented inthe language and the UML representation. For each package a usage example is provided.The EAST-ADL 2.0 is harmonized with AUTOSAR.The metamodel and UML profile of EAST ADL 2.0 is defined in two steps: A domain (automotive)metamodel is defined, capturing only the domain specific needs of the language, without adding the UML2details. The basic concepts of UML are used for this purpose, such as classes, compositions andassociations. Based on the domain metamodel, a UML2 profile for the domain metamodel is defined,specifying stereotypes with properties and constraints.Comments on the content of this document are welcomed, and should be directed to .Please download the latest available specification and the XMI file ready for use in UML2 tools from the website.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bäckstrand, Karin, et al.
(author)
-
Sweden : A Pioneer of Acidification Abatement
- 2000
-
In: International environmental agreements and domestic politics : the case of acid rain - the case of acid rain. - : Routledge. - 9781315199566 - 1840143940 - 9781840143942 - 9781138713086 ; , s. 87-108
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In Sweden, the combination of the country’s natural ecological vulnerability to acidification and its geographical location has been domestic focal points for the treatment of the ‘acid rain’ issue. Political interest in the acidification issue in Sweden emerged in the late 1960s, when the problems of long-range transport of sulphuric compounds and their harmful environmental effects were first highlighted by scientists. In 1967, the newly established Swedish Environmental Protection Agency submitted a plan to the Social Democratic government for lowering the sulphur content in fuel oil to 2.5 per cent weight. Based on the requirements stipulated in the First and Second Sulphur Protocol, and the Nitrogen Protocol, Sweden’s implementation and compliance records have been successful. Sweden has fulfilled the binding obligations enshrined in all these three protocols. Abatement costs in the 1980s benefited from the major investments in energy saving technology in the industry sector that took place in the economically expansive period before the oil crisis in the 1970s.
|
|
| 3. |
- Eckley, N, et al.
(author)
-
All talk, little action : precaution and European chemicals regulation
- 2004
-
In: Journal of European Public Policy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1350-1763 .- 1466-4429. ; 11:1, s. 78-105
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The European Union has chosen the precautionary principle as a key guiding principle to achieve more effective policy-making on risks, by moving away from preventive regulation towards more precautionary regulation. Precautionary language has been a part of European Community law for over a decade, however, whether its establishment has had any real effect on European policy-making and regulations is more unclear. This article examines whether the introduction of precautionary language in Community texts has had an effect on the process by which potential risks associated with hazardous chemicals are managed. The article focuses on the two cases of polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs), and covers the time before, during, and after the Community introduction of the precautionary principle. The article finds that there has been a marked change in the way environmental risks are conceptualized and discussed, but a clear effect in regulatory practice has yet to be seen. Current proposals to revise Community chemicals management, however, contain elements that could enhance precautionary regulation.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Linnér, Björn-Ola, 1963-, et al.
(author)
-
The road to Rio: early efforts on environment and development
- 2005. - 1
-
In: Global Challenges. - Sheffield : Taylor & Francis Group. - 9781351281928 ; , s. 58-71
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development was the most recent of a series of global political meetings convened to assess international, regional and local progress on achieving sustainable development, as well as setting priorities for continued efforts. Sustainable development is a grand but elusive concept in which social and economic development efforts are integrated with environmental considerations. It received widespread attention through the report Our Common Future by the World Commission on Environment and Development (the so-called Brundtland Commission) in 1987 (WCED 1987). Yet international debate and policy-making on issues relating to the linkages between environmental protection and social and economic development started long before the term ‘sustainable development’ gained prominence (Worster 1994). These early efforts on environment and development form an important conceptual and institutional background to sustainable development as well as to the ongoing political responses to the sustainable development challenge.
|
|
| 8. |
- Linnér, Björn-Ola, et al.
(author)
-
The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development: forty years in the making
- 2013
-
In: Environment and Planning. C, Government and Policy. - : Pion. - 0263-774X .- 1472-3425. ; 31:6, s. 971-987
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD) was mandated to focus on: (i) institutional frameworks for sustainable development and (ii) the green economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradiation. Analyzing the UNSCD from a historical perspective, we address three questions. First, what is the role of UN conferences on environment and development? Second, how were the UNCSD debates and outcomes connected to over forty years of environment and development cooperation? Third, how may the UNCSD shape ongoing efforts to forward the sustainable development agenda? We begin by summarizing the main arguments of supporters and critics of UN conferences. Next, we examines two sets of institutional frameworks issues: (a) institutional creation and reforms and (b) institutional complexity and participation. This is followed by an examination of two kinds of green economy issues: (1) state-centered economic debates and (2) human-development-focused debates. In the final section we examine opportunities and limitations for making progress on sustainable development. We argue that the UNCSD did little to advance institutional reforms, but that the initiative to formulate Sustainable Development Goals has the potential to significantly influence the sustainable development agenda.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Rådegran, Göran, et al.
(author)
-
Characteristics and survival of adult Swedish PAH and CTEPH patients 2000-2014
- 2016
-
In: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 50:4, s. 243-250
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The Swedish Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Register (SPAHR) is an open continuous register, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) patients from 2000 and onwards. We hereby launch the first data from SPAHR, defining baseline characteristics and survival of Swedish PAH and CTEPH patients.DESIGN: Incident PAH and CTEPH patients 2008-2014 from all seven Swedish PAH-centres were specifically reviewed.RESULTS: There were 457 PAH (median age: 67 years, 64% female) and 183 CTEPH (median age: 70 years, 50% female) patients, whereof 77 and 81%, respectively, were in functional class III-IV at diagnosis. Systemic hypertension, diabetes, ischaemic heart disease and atrial fibrillation were common comorbidities, particularly in those >65 years. One-, 3- and 5-year survival was 85%, 71% and 59% for PAH patients. Corresponding numbers for CTEPH patients with versus without pulmonary endarterectomy were 96%, 89% and 86% versus 91%, 75% and 69%, respectively. In 2014, the incidence of IPAH/HPAH, associated PAH and CTEPH was 5, 3 and 2 per million inhabitants and year, and the prevalence was 25, 24 and 19 per million inhabitants.CONCLUSION: The majority of the PAH and CTEPH patients were diagnosed at age >65 years, in functional class III-IV, and exhibiting several comorbidities. PAH survival in SPAHR was similar to other registers.
|
|
