| 1. |
- Kohilakis, Eleni, et al.
(author)
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Gabapentin and Rapidity of Recovery Among Patients Undergoing Minimally Invasive Ambulatory Uro-Oncologic Surgeries
- 2024
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In: UROLOGY PRACTICE. - 2352-0779 .- 2352-0787. ; 11:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction:Gabapentin has been used in enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways for pain control for patients undergoing ambulatory uro-oncologic surgery; however, it may cause undesirable side effects. We studied the causal association between gabapentin and rapidity of recovery and perioperative pain management after minimally invasive uro-oncologic surgery.Methods:We identified 2397 patients <= 65 years undergoing prostatectomies or nephrectomies between 2018 and 2022; 131 (5.5%) did not receive gabapentin. We tested the effect of gabapentin use on time of discharge and perioperative opioid consumption, respectively, using multivariable linear regression adjusting for potential confounders including age, gender, BMI, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, and surgery type.Results:On adjusted analysis, we found no evidence of a difference in discharge time among those who did vs did not receive gabapentin (adjusted difference 0.07 hours shorter on gabapentin; 95% CI -0.17, 0.31; P = .6). There was no evidence of a difference in intraoperative opioid consumption by gabapentin receipt (adjusted difference -1.5 morphine milligram equivalents; 95% CI -4.2, 1.1; P = .3) or probability of being in the top quartile of postoperative opioid consumption within 24 hours (adjusted difference 4.2%; 95% CI -4.8%, 13%; P = .4). We saw no important differences in confounders by gabapentin receipt suggesting causal conclusions are justified.Conclusions:Our confidence intervals did not include clinically meaningful benefits from gabapentin, when used with an ERAS protocol, in terms of length of stay or perioperative opioid use. These results support the omission of gabapentin from ERAS protocols for minimally invasive uro-oncologic surgeries.
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| 2. |
- Sardanelli, Francesco, et al.
(author)
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The Role of Imaging Specialists as Authors of Systematic Reviews on Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging and Its Impact on Scientific Quality : Report from the EuroAIM Evidence-based Radiology Working Group
- 2014
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In: Radiology. - : Radiological Society of North America (RSNA). - 0033-8419 .- 1527-1315. ; 272:2, s. 533-540
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: To evaluate the inclusion of radiologists or nuclear medicine physicians (imaging specialists) as authors of systematic reviews (SRs) on imaging and imaging-guided diagnostic procedures and to determine the impact of imaging specialists' presence as authors on the overall quality of the reviews.Materials and Methods: A MEDLINE and EMBASE search was performed for SRs of diagnostic and interventional image-guided procedures that were published from January 2001 to December 2010. SRs about procedures primarily performed by nonimaging specialists were excluded. The inclusion of imaging specialists among the SR authors and the frequency of publication in imaging journals were evaluated. The quality of a subset of 200 SRs (100 most recent SRs with imaging specialists as authors and 100 most recent SRs without imaging specialists as authors) was rated by using a 12-item modified assessment of multiple SRs (AMSTAR) evaluation tool. Spearman, chi(2), and Mann-Whitney statistics were used.Results: From among 3258 retrieved citations, 867 SRs were included in the study. Neuroimaging had the largest number of SRs (28% [241 of 867]), 41% (354 of 867) of SRs concerned diagnostic performance, and 26% (228 of 867) of SRs were published in imaging journals. Imaging specialists were authors (in any position) in 330 (38%) of 867 SRs; they were first authors of 176 SRs and last authors of 161 SRs. SRs with imaging specialists as authors were more often published in imaging journals than in nonimaging journals (54% [179 of 330] vs 9% [49 of 537]; P < .001). The median number of modified AMSTAR quality indicators was nine in SRs with imaging specialists as authors, while that in SRs without imaging specialists as authors was seven (P = .003).Conclusion: Only 38% (330 of 867) of SRs on radiology or nuclear medicine-related imaging published from January 2001 to December 2010 included imaging specialists as authors. However, the inclusion of imaging specialists as authors was associated with a significant increase in the scientific quality (as judged by using a modified AMSTAR scale) of the SR.
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| 3. |
- Bane, Octavia, et al.
(author)
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Consensus-based technical recommendations for clinical translation of renal BOLD MRI
- 2020
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In: Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine. - : Springer. - 0968-5243 .- 1352-8661. ; 33:1, s. 199-215
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Harmonization of acquisition and analysis protocols is an important step in the validation of BOLD MRI as a renal biomarker. This harmonization initiative provides technical recommendations based on a consensus report with the aim to move towards standardized protocols that facilitate clinical translation and comparison of data across sites. We used a recently published systematic review paper, which included a detailed summary of renal BOLD MRI technical parameters and areas of investigation in its supplementary material, as the starting point in developing the survey questionnaires for seeking consensus. Survey data were collected via the Delphi consensus process from 24 researchers on renal BOLD MRI exam preparation, data acquisition, data analysis, and interpretation. Consensus was defined as >= 75% unanimity in response. Among 31 survey questions, 14 achieved consensus resolution, 12 showed clear respondent preference (65-74% agreement), and 5 showed equal (50/50%) split in opinion among respondents. Recommendations for subject preparation, data acquisition, processing and reporting are given based on the survey results and review of the literature. These technical recommendations are aimed towards increased inter-site harmonization, a first step towards standardization of renal BOLD MRI protocols across sites. We expect this to be an iterative process updated dynamically based on progress in the field.
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| 4. |
- Fernández-Fernández, María, et al.
(author)
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Fire severity and post-fire mulching effects on N transformation rates of temperate soils during the first critical winter–spring period
- 2022
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In: European Journal of Soil Science. - : Wiley. - 1351-0754 .- 1365-2389. ; 73:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Wildfires are increasing worldwide and, therefore, the extents of their on- and off-site impacts are particularly important on soil erosion and nutrient cycles. To mitigate post-fire erosion, mulching is increasingly being used, but its effects on the nitrogen (N) cycle are poorly known. To fill this gap of knowledge, gross N fluxes were modelled with Ntrace to compare with unburnt soils (US) the effects of intermediate (BI) and high severity (BH) burning, and post-fire straw mulching (BIM and BHM). Two wildfires, two-time points after the fire and 20 soil-treatment combinations were studied. The mineralization of soil organic N to NH4+ (MSON) increased in BI (1.9–6.9×) with respect to US, with no clear trends observed in BH and mulched treatments. In most soils, NH4+ immobilisation in labile ((Formula presented.)) and recalcitrant soil organic matter (SOM) ((Formula presented.)) was more important than abiotic NH4+ fixation ((Formula presented.)) and together were larger (3.5–11×) in BI than in US, while contrasting results were found depending on time after a fire (BH, BHM, BIM) and wildfire characteristics (BHM, BIM). Autotrophic nitrification ((Formula presented.)) was included in the best model for all soils, whereas heterotrophic nitrification (OSON) was undetectable in most BH soils. Total nitrification ((Formula presented.) + OSON) decreased with time after the fire in BH, increased in US and BI, and was differently affected by mulching depending on fire severity and time from the fire. While NO3− immobilisation ((Formula presented.)) was frequently modelled only for BI soils, the dissimilatory NO3− reduction to NH4+ (DNRA) was retained in the best models for all soils and it was reduced by soil burning, whereas a short-lived increase was induced by mulching. Denitrification ((Formula presented.)), modelled for most soils, was negatively affected by burning and positively by mulching. In summary, wildfires tended to increase MSON and (Formula presented.), decrease DNRA and (Formula presented.) and had no clear influence on (Formula presented.) and nitrification. These effects are usually mitigated by mulching which, however, tended to enhance nitrification. Highlights: Direction and magnitude of changes in soil gross N fluxes depend on fire severity. Usually, wildfires increased MSON and (Formula presented.), and decreased DNRA and (Formula presented.). No clear post-fire trend was found for (Formula presented.) and nitrification. Fire effects on gross N fluxes are (partially) counterbalanced by mulching.
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| 5. |
- Hernández-Pando, R., et al.
(author)
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Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitrotyrosineduring the evolution of experimental pulmonary tuberculosis
- 2001
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In: Experimental and Toxicological Pathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0940-2993 .- 1618-1433. ; 53:4, s. 257-265
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nitric oxide (NO) is a relevant antimycobacterial factor in mouse macrophages. NO is a product of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). NO toxicity is greatly enhanced by reacting with superoxide to form peroxynitrite that reacts with many biological molecules. Tyrosine is one of the molecules with which NO reacts and the product is nitrotyrosine (NT). The production of peroxynitrite and the nitrosylation of proteins might play a role in bacterial killing and also in mediating host injury. In this study, we used a well-characterized mouse model of pulmonary tuberculosis to examine the local kinetics of expression and cellular distribution of iNOS and NT at the cellular and subcellular level. The histopathological study showed two phases of the disease: early and late. The early phase was characterized by mononuclear inflammation and granuloma formation. During this phase, high percentages of activated macrophages were observed that were immunostained for iNOS and NT. Immuno-electronmicroscopy showed NT immunoreactivity in lysosomes and mycobacterial wall and cytoplasm. The concentration of iNOS mRNA and NO metabolites were also elevated. The late phase was characterized by progressive pneumonia with focal necrosis and a decrease of iNOS mRNA and NO metabolites. The strongest NT immunostained areas were the necrotic tissue. Macrophages became foamy cells with scarce iNOS immunostaining but strong NT immunoreactivity. At the ultrastructural level, these cells showed NT immunolabeling in cytoskeleton, mitochondria, lysosomes and cell membrane. NT was also located in bronchial epithelial cell mitochondria, in cell membranes and cytoplasm of endothelial cells and in actin bundles within smooth muscle cells. These results suggest an important role of NO in mycobacterial killing, particularly during the early phase of the infection. They also suggest an important participation by NO in tissue damage during the late phase of the disease.
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