| 1. |
- Biendicho, Jordi Jacas, et al.
(author)
-
Synthesis and characterization of perovskite-type SrxY1−xFeO3−δ (0.63≤x<1.0) and Sr0.75Y0.25Fe1−yMyO3−δ (M=Cr, Mn, Ni), (y=0.2, 0.33, 0.5)
- 2013
-
In: Journal of Solid State Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-4596 .- 1095-726X. ; 200, s. 30-38
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Oxygen-deficient ferrates with the cubic perovskite structure SrxY1-xFeO3-d were prepared in air (0.71 ≤ x ≤ 0.91) as well as in N2 (x=0.75 and 0.79) at 1573K. The oxygen content of the compounds prepared in air increases with increasing strontium content from 3-δ=2.79(2) for x=0.75 to 3-δ=2.83(2) for x=0.91. Refinement of the crystal structure of Sr0.75Y0.25FeO2.79 using TOF neutron powder diffraction (NPD) data shows high anisotropic atomic displacement parameter (ADP) for the oxygen atom resulting from a substantial cation and anion disorder. Electron diffraction (ED) and high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) studies of Sr0.75Y0.25FeO2.79 reveal a modulation along <100>p with G± ~0.4<100>p indicating a local ordering of oxygen vacancies. Magnetic susceptibility measurements at 5-390K show spin-glass behaviour with dominating antiferromagnetic coupling between the magnetic moments of Fe cations. Among the studied compositions, Sr0.75Y0.25FeO2.79 shows the lowest thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) of 10.5 ppm K-1 in air at 298-673K. At 773-1173K TEC increases up to 17.2 ppm K-1 due to substantial reduction of oxygen content. The latter also results in a dramatic decrease of the electrical conductivity in air above 673K. Partial substitution of Fe by Cr, Mn and Ni according to the formula Sr0.75Y0.25Fe1-yMyO3-δ (y=0.2, 0.33, 0.5) leads to cubic perovskites for all substituents with y=0.2. Their TECs are higher in comparison with un-doped Sr0.75Y0.25FeO2.79. Only M=Ni has increased electrical conductivity compared to un-doped Sr0.75Y0.25FeO2.79.
|
|
| 2. |
- Cedervall, Johan, et al.
(author)
-
Phase stability and structural transitions in compositionally complex LnMO 3 perovskites
- 2021
-
In: Journal of Solid State Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-4596 .- 1095-726X. ; 300
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Entropy stabilised materials have possibilities for tailoring functionalities to overcome challenges in materials science. The concept of configurational entropy can also be applied to metal oxides, but it is unclear whether these could be considered as solid solutions in the case of perovskite-structured oxides and if the configurational entropy plays a stabilising role. In this study, compositionally complex perovskite oxides, LnMO3 (Ln = La, Nd, Sm, Ca and Sr, M = Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu), are investigated for their phase stability and magnetic behaviour. Phase-pure samples were synthesised, and the room temperature structures were found to crystallise in either Pnma or R3¯c space groups, depending on the composition and the resulting tolerance factor, while the structural transition temperatures correlate with the pseudo cubic unit cell volume. The techniques used included diffraction with X-rays and neutrons, both ex- and in-situ, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, magnetometry as well as electron microscopy. Neutron diffraction studies on one sample reveal that no oxygen vacancies are found in the structure and that the magnetic properties are ferrimagnetic-like with magnetic moments mainly coupled antiferromagnetically along the crystallographic c-direction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy gave indications of the oxidation states of the constituting ions where several mixed oxidation states are observed in these valence-compensated perovskites.
|
|
| 3. |
- Fang, Hailiang, et al.
(author)
-
Insights into phase transitions and magnetism of MnBi crystals synthesized from self-flux
- 2019
-
In: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669. ; 781, s. 308-314
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To effectively synthesize high purity ferromagnetic low temperature phase (LTP) MnBi with optimal microstructure is still a challenge that needs to be overcome for the system to reach its full potential. Here, the phase transitions and magnetic properties of MnBi crystals are reported. The phase transition between the low and high temperature structure of MnBi was systematically investigated at different heating/cooling rates using in situ synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction. The material crystallizes in a layered hexagonal structure giving a platelike microstructure. The magnetic characterization of the crystals reveal that the saturation magnetization varies from 645 kA/m at 50 K to 546 kA/m at 300 K. Magnetization measurements also show that the sample upon heating becomes non-magnetic and transforms to the high temperature phase (HTP) at similar to 640 K, and that it regains ferromagnetic properties and transforms back to the LTP at similar to 610 K upon subsequent cooling.
|
|
| 4. |
- Fang, Hailiang, et al.
(author)
-
Structural, microstructural and magnetic evolution in cryo milled carbon doped MnAl
- 2018
-
In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 8:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The low cost, rare earth free τ-phase of MnAl has high potential to partially replace bonded Nd2Fe14B rare earth permanent magnets. However, the τ-phase is metastable and it is experimentally difficult to obtain powders suitable for the permanent magnet alignment process, which requires the fine powders to have an appropriate microstructure and high τ-phase purity. In this work, a new method to make high purity τ-phase fne powders is presented. A high purity τ-phase Mn0.55Al0.45C0.02 alloy was synthesized by the drop synthesis method. The drop synthesized material was subjected to cryo milling and followed by a fash heating process. The crystal structure and microstructure of the drop synthesized, cryo milled and flash heated samples were studied by X-ray in situ powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. Magnetic properties and magnetic structure of the drop synthesized, cryo milled, flash heated samples were characterized by magnetometry and neutron powder diffraction, respectively. The results reveal that the 2 and 4hours cryo milled and flash heated samples both exhibit high τ-phase purity and micron-sized round particle shapes. Moreover, the fash heated samples display high saturation magnetization as well as increased coercivity.
|
|
| 5. |
- Fang, Hailiang, 1985-
(author)
-
Structural Studies of Mn-X (X=Al, Bi): Permanent Magnetic Materials without Rare Earth Metals
- 2019
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- How to generate and use electricity in a more efficient way is a major challenge for humankind. In this context, permanent magnets play an important role within a very broad range of electric power applications. The strongest magnets used today are mainly based on alloys that contain rare-earth metals, which are neither economical nor sustainable. The search for new alternative alloys with satisfactory magnetic properties is the major motivation for the investigations summarized in this thesis. Interesting candidates for alternative rare-earth free alloys were selected with τ-MnAl as the basis. Theoretical studies suggest that such alloys may show good magnetic properties after chemical modifications to optimize them. Another compound with promising magnetic properties is MnBi, included in this study.MnAl-Z (Z= C, B, Ga as doping elements) and MnBi compounds were synthesized through carefully devised high-temperature methods, followed by various milling and annealing steps. The structural phase analysis of the samples was based on X-ray and neutron diffraction. A systematic microstructural investigation was also performed for selected samples. The phase transitions of MnAl and MnBi during heating and cooling at different rates were studied by in situ X-ray diffraction from a synchrotron source. The magnetic properties were characterized by various methods.By strict control of experimental parameters, the metastable τ-MnAl was found to be directly obtainable using a "drop synthesis” process. A cooling rate of 10 K/min yielded an almost pure ferromagnetic τ-MnAl phase. A microstructural characterization of similarly synthesized MnAl-C samples revealed the presence of phase segregation, a Mn-rich region and an Al-rich grain boundary phase.A cryomilling process was employed which decreased the particle size of the MnAl-C sample. Neutron diffraction data disclosed accompanying amorphous features, related to changes in Mn and Al atom occupancies during the milling process. A flash heating procedure regenerated the structural ordering between Mn and Al in the structure, where the initial magnetic properties were recovered.The MnBi compound was synthesized by a self-flux method in order to isolate single crystals. As for τ-MnAl, in situ diffraction studies were applied for following phase transitions and the magnetic properties were studied.
|
|
| 6. |
- Ivanov, Sergey, et al.
(author)
-
Cation ordering, ferrimagnetism and ferroelectric relaxor behavior in Pb(Fe1-xScx)(2/3)W1/3O3 solid solutions
- 2019
-
In: European Physical Journal B. - : SPRINGER. - 1434-6028 .- 1434-6036. ; 92:8
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ceramic samples of the multiferroic perovskite Pb(Fe1-xScx)(2/3)W1/3O3 with 0 <= x <= 0.4 have been synthesized using a conventional solid-state reaction method, and investigated experimentally and theoretically using first-principle calculations. Rietveld analyses of joint synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction patterns show the formation of a pure crystalline phase with cubic (Fm3(_)m) structure with partial ordering in the B-sites. The replacement of Fe by Sc leads to the increase of the cation order between the B and B '' sites. As the non-magnetic Sc3+ ions replace the magnetic Fe3+ cations, the antiferromagnetic state of PbFe2/3W1/3O3 is turned into a ferrimagnetic state reflecting the different magnitude of the magnetic moments on the B ' and B '' sites. The materials remain ferroelectric relaxors with increasing Sc content. Results from experiments on annealed and quenched samples show that the cooling rate after high temperature annealing controls the degree of cationic order in Pb(Fe1-xScx)(2/3)W1/3O3 and possibly also in the undoped PbFe2/3W1/3O3.
|
|
| 7. |
- Kontos, Sofia, et al.
(author)
-
Measured and calculated properties of B-doped τ-phase MnAl : A rare earth free permanent magnet
- 2019
-
In: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-8853. ; 474, s. 591-598
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The metastable tetragonal τ-phase MnAl has been doped interstitially with B through a drop synthesis method creating the (Mn0.55Al0.45)B0.02 compound. The as-casted samples were annealed, quenched and thereafter ball-milled and relaxed in order to decrease grain size and reduce the number of crystallographic defects. The Curie temperature of the quenched sample was estimated to 655 K. The magnetization, coercivity and anisotropy were analyzed with respect to flash-milling time, relaxation time and temperature. The results show that (Mn0.55Al0.45)B0.02 could be directly obtained from drop synthesis. The highest measured saturation magnetization of 393 kA/m (measured at ±1440kA/m) was achieved with a relaxation process after 1.5h milling, giving a theoretical maximum energy product of 48 kJ/m3. The highest value of the coercivity was 355 kA/m achieved by flash-milling for 10 h. However, the high coercivity was achieved at an expense of low saturation magnetization.
|
|
| 8. |
- Koroleva, A. F., et al.
(author)
-
Synthesis, X-ray Diffraction Characterization, Mössbauer Spectroscopy, and Dielectric Properties of Solid Solutions in the PbFe2/3W1/3O3–PbSc2/3W1/3O3 System
- 2018
-
In: Inorganic Materials (Neorganicheskie materialy). - 0020-1685 .- 1608-3172. ; 54:3, s. 288-294
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ceramic Pb(Fe1–xSc x )2/3W1/3O3 samples with 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 have been prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and dielectric and pyroelectric measurements. The stoichiometry ranges of the perovskite solid solutions in this system have been identified, their structural parameters have been determined, and their dielectric permittivity, dielectric loss tangent, resistivity, and thermally stimulated depolarization current have been measured as functions of temperature. The composition dependences of the dielectric properties for the solid solutions have been obtained. The solid solutions have been shown to exhibit ferroelectric relaxor properties, with a well-defined maximum in their permittivity in the range 180–250 K.
|
|
| 9. |
- Kranak, Verina F., et al.
(author)
-
Hydrogenous Zintl Phase Ba3Si4Hx (x=1-2) : Transforming Si-4 Butterfly Anions into Tetrahedral Moieties
- 2015
-
In: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 54:3, s. 756-764
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The hydride Ba3Si4Hx (x = 1-2) was prepared by sintering the Zintl phase Ba3Si4, which contains Si-4(6-) butterfly-shaped polyanions, in a hydrogen atmosphere at pressures of 10-20 bar and temperatures of around 300 degrees C. Initial structural analysis using powder neutron and X-ray diffraction data suggested that Ba3Si4Hx adopts the Ba3Ge4C2 type [space group I4/mcm (No. 140), a approximate to 8.44 angstrom, c approximate to 11.95 angstrom, Z = 8] where Ba atoms form a three-dimensional array of corner-condensed octahedra, which are centered by H atoms. Tetrahedron-shaped Si-4 polyanions complete a perovskite-like arrangement. Thus, hydride formation is accompanied by oxidation of the butterfly polyanion, but the model with the composition Ba3Si4H is not charge-balanced. First-principles computations revealed an alternative structural scenario for Ba3Si4Hx, which is based on filling pyramidal Ba-5 interstices in Ba3Si4. The limiting composition is x = 2 [space group P4(2)/mmm (No. 136), a approximate to 8.4066 angstrom, c approximate to 12.9186 angstrom, Z = 8], and for x > 1, Si atoms also adopt tetrahedron-shaped polyanions. Transmission electron microscopy investigations showed that Ba3Si4Hx is heavily disordered in the c direction. Most plausible is to assume that Ba3Si4Hx has a variable H content (x = 1-2) and corresponds to a random intergrowth of P- and I-type structure blocks. In either form, Ba3Si4Hx is classified as an interstitial hydride. Polyanionic hydrides in which H is covalently attached to Si remain elusive.
|
|
| 10. |
- Shafeie, Samrand, 1984, et al.
(author)
-
Balancing Scattering Channels: A Panoscopic Approach toward Zero Temperature Coefficient of Resistance Using High-Entropy Alloys
- 2019
-
In: Advanced Materials. - : Wiley. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 31:2
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Designing alloys with an accurate temperature-independent electrical response over a wide temperature range, specifically a low temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR), remains a big challenge from a material design point of view. More than a century after their discovery, Constantan (Cu–Ni) and Manganin (Cu–Mn–Ni) alloys remain the top choice for strain gauge applications and high-quality resistors up to 473–573 K. Here, an average TCR is demonstrated that is up to ≈800 times smaller in the temperature range 5–300 K and >800 times smaller than for any of these standard materials over a wide temperature range (5 K < T < 1200 K). This is achieved for selected compositions of AlxCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys (HEAs), for which a strong correlation of the ultralow TCR is established with the underlying microstructure and its local composition. The exceptionally low electron–phonon coupling expected in these HEAs is crucial for developing novel devices, e.g., hot-electron detectors, high-Q resonant antennas, and materials in gravitational wave detectors.
|
|
