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- Shang, Xiangjun, et al.
(author)
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Effect of tunable dot charging on photoresponse spectra of GaAs p-i-n diode with InAs quantum dots
- 2015
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In: Journal of Applied Physics. - Melville, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 118:24
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Quantum dot (QD)-embedded photodiodes have demonstrated great potential for use as detectors. A modulation of QD charging opens intriguing possibilities for adaptive sensing with bias-tunable detector characteristics. Here, we report on a p-i-n GaAs photodiode with InAs QDs whose charging is tunable due to unintentional Be diffusion and trap-assisted tunneling of holes, from bias-and temperature (T)-dependent photocurrent spectroscopy. For the sub-bandgap spectra, the T-dependent relative intensities "QD-s/WL" and "WL/GaAs" (WL: wetting layer) indicate dominant tunneling under -0.9V (trap-assisted tunneling from the top QDs) and dominant thermal escape under -0.2 similar to 0.5V (from the bottom QDs since the top ones are charged and inactive for optical absorption) from the QD s-state, dominant tunneling from WL, and enhanced QD charging at >190K (related to trap level ionization). For the above-bandgap spectra, the degradation of the spectral profile (especially near the GaAs bandedge) as the bias and T tune (especially under -0.2 similar to 0.2V and at >190 K) can be explained well by the enhanced photoelectron capture in QDs with tunable charging. The dominant spectral profile with no degradation under 0.5V is due to a saturated electron capture in charged QDs (i.e., charging neutralization). QD level simulation and schematic bandstructures can help one understand these effects.
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- 2019
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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- Akbari, Camilla, et al.
(author)
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Long-term major adverse liver outcomes in 1,260 patients with non-cirrhotic NAFLD
- 2024
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In: JHEP Reports. - : Elsevier. - 2589-5559. ; 6:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background & AimsLong-term studies of the prognosis of NAFLD are scarce. Here, we investigated the risk of major adverse liver outcomes (MALO) in a large cohort of patients with NAFLD.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study with data from Swedish university hospitals. Patients (n = 1,260) with NAFLD without cirrhosis were diagnosed through biopsy or radiology, and had fibrosis estimated through vibration-controlled transient elastography, biopsy, or FIB-4 score between 1974 and 2020 and followed up through 2020. Each patient was matched on age, sex, and municipality with up to 10 reference individuals from the general population (n = 12,529). MALO were ascertained from Swedish national registers. The rate of events was estimated by Cox regression.ResultsMALO occurred in 111 (8.8%, incidence rate = 5.9/1,000 person-years) patients with NAFLD and 197 (1.6%, incidence rate = 1.0/1,000 person-years) reference individuals during a median follow up of 13 years. The rate of MALO was higher in patients with NAFLD (hazard ratio = 6.6; 95% CI = 5.2–8.5). The risk of MALO was highly associated with the stage of fibrosis at diagnosis. In the biopsy subcohort (72% of total sample), there was no difference in risk between patients with and without non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. The 20-year cumulative incidences of MALO were 2% for the reference population, 3% for patients with F0, and 35% for F3. Prognostic information from biopsy was comparable to FIB-4 (C-indices around 0.73 vs. 0.72 at 10 years).ConclusionsThis study provides updated information on the natural history of NAFLD, showing a high rate of progression to cirrhosis in F3 and a similar prognostic capacity of non-invasive tests to liver biopsy.Impact and implicationsSeveral implications for clinical care and future research may be noted based on these results. First, the risk estimates for cirrhosis development are important when communicating risk to patients and deciding on clinical monitoring and treatment. Estimates can also be used in updated health-economic evaluations, and for regulatory agencies. Second, our results again highlight the low predictive information obtained from ascertaining NASHstatus by histology and call for more objective means by which to define NASH. Such methods may include artificial intelligence-supported digital pathology. We highlight that NASH is most likely the causal factor for fibrosis progression in NAFLD, but the subjective definition makes the prognostic value of a histological NASH diagnosis of limited value. Third, the finding that prognostic information from biopsy and the very simple Fibrosis-4 score were comparable is important as it may lead to fewer biopsies and further move the field towards non-invasive means by which to define fibrosis and, importantly, use non-invasive tests as outcomes in clinical trials. However, all modalities had modest discriminatory capacity and new risk stratification systems are needed in NAFLD. Repeated measures of non-invasive scores may be a potential solution.
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- Cao, Zhi, et al.
(author)
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Role of Cognitive Impairment, Physical Disability, and Chronic Conditions in the Association of Sleep Duration With All-Cause Mortality Among Very Old Adults
- 2020
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In: Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. - : Elsevier BV. - 1525-8610 .- 1538-9375. ; 21:10, s. 1458-1463
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between sleep duration and all-cause mortality, and to assess the role of cognitive impairment, physical disability, and chronic conditions on this association among very old adults.Design: A prospective cohort study.Setting and Participants: Within the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Surveys, 17,637 oldest-old aged 80-105 years were followed up to 10 years (2005- 2014).Measures: Data on sleep duration at baseline were based on self-report and were categorized as short (<7 hour), moderate (7-9 hours), and long sleep (>9 hours). Information on cognitive function using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), physical disability using Activities of Daily Living (ADL), and chronic conditions including diabetes, heart disease, stroke, asthma, and cancer were collected at baseline based on a structured questionnaire. Information about vital status was ascertained and confirmed by a close family member or village doctor of the participant during the follow-up. Data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models, with adjustment for potential confounders.Results: During the follow-up of 10 years, 11,067 (62.7%) participants died. The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for mortality were 1.03 (0.98-1.09) for short sleep and 1.13 (1.08-1.18) for long sleep compared with moderate sleep duration. In stratified analysis by cognitive impairment, physical disability, and chronic conditions, the risk of morality was present only among people with MMSE scores <= 24 but did not differ much when stratified by physical disability and chronic conditions. There was a statistically significant interaction between long sleep and cognitive impairment on mortality (P for interaction = .002).Conclusions and Implications: Long sleep duration is associated with higher risk of mortality in very old adults independently of health conditions. Cognitive impairment may enhance this association. These findings suggest that health practitioners and families should be aware of the potential adverse prognosis associated with long sleep.
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| 7. |
- Dintica, Christina S., et al.
(author)
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The relation of poor mastication with cognition and dementia risk : a population-based longitudinal study
- 2020
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In: Aging. - : Impact Journals LLC. - 1945-4589. ; 12:9, s. 8536-8548
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We investigated the effect of poor masticatory ability on cognitive trajectories and dementia risk in older adults. 544 cognitively intact adults aged =50 were followed for up to 22 years. Cognitive domains (verbal, spatial/fluid, memory, and perceptual speed) were assessed at baseline and follow-ups. Dementia was ascertained according to standard criteria. Masticatory ability was assessed using the Eichner Index and categorized according to the number of posterior occlusal zones: A (all four), B (3-1), and C (none).At baseline, 147 (27.0%) participants were in Eichner category A, 169 (31.1%) in B and 228 (41.9%) in C. After the age of 65, participants in Eichner category B and C showed an accelerated decline in spatial/fluid abilities (beta: -0.16, 95% CI: -0.30 to -0.03) and (beta: -0.15, 95% CI: -0.28 to -0.02), respectively. Over the follow-up, 52 incident dementia cases were identified. Eichner categories B or C were not associated with an increased risk of dementia, compared to category A (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.39 to 1.76 and HR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.30 to 1.29, respectively).Poor masticatory ability is associated with an accelerated cognitive decline in fluid/spatial abilities, however it was not related to a higher risk of dementia.
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| 8. |
- Dove, Abigail, et al.
(author)
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Cardiometabolic multimorbidity accelerates cognitive decline and dementia progression
- 2023
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In: Alzheimer's & Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 19:3, s. 821-830
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) have been individually associated with adverse cognitive outcomes, but their combined effect has not been investigated.Methods: A total of 2577 dementia-free participants 60 years of age or older were followed for 12 years to observe changes in cognitive function and to detect incident cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND) and dementia. CMDs (including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke) were assessed at baseline through medical records and clinical examinations. Cardiometabolic multimorbidity was defined as the presence of two or more CMDs. Data were analyzed using multi-adjusted linear mixed-effects models, Cox regression, and Laplace regression.Results: CMD multimorbidity was associated with cognitive decline, CIND (hazard ratio [HR] 1.73; 95% confidence interval CI 1.23 to 2.44), and its progression to dementia (HR 1.86; 95% CI 1.17 to 2.97). CMD multimorbidity accelerated the onset of CIND by 2.3 years and dementia by 1.8 years.Conclusions: CMD multimorbidity accelerates cognitive decline and increases the risk of both CIND and its conversion to dementia.
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| 9. |
- Gao, Ruo Bin, et al.
(author)
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A Wideband Co-Linearly Polarized Composite Antenna with High Isolation
- 2024
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In: IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters. - 1536-1225. ; 23:1, s. 419-423
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, a high-isolation two-port co-linearly polarized (co-LP) composite antenna is proposed. Dipole and W8JK array modes with co-LP omnidirectional patterns can be simultaneously supported by a plate with two etched back-to-back tapered slots. A microstrip differential and a T-divider coupling feeding networks are developed to selectively excite the dipole and W8JK modes, which results in a high isolation and low correlation between two co-LP ports without using any decoupling structures. Reflecting ground is applied to realize the directional radiation. Measurement results show that the overlapped operating band of the antenna can cover 3.4 - 4.1 GHz with low measured envelope correlation coefficients (< 2.5 × 10-3) and high isolation (> 20 dB). Dual-polarized four-port element with good performances can be easily obtained based on the proposed co-LP antenna. The simulated results of the four-port prototype indicate that the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for the future compact massive MIMO array antenna.
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| 10. |
- Gao, Shang, 1982-, et al.
(author)
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An empirical study on the adoption of blockchain-based games from users’ perspectives
- 2021
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In: Electronic library. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0264-0473 .- 1758-616X. ; 39:4, s. 596-614
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of the research is to investigate users’ adoption of blockchain-based games in China.Design/methodology/approach: This research applied existing technology diffusion theories to develop a research model to examine users’ adoption of blockchain-based games. As a result, a research model with nine research hypotheses was developed. The developed research model was empirically tested using data collected from a survey of 210 blockchain-based games users. Structural equation modeling was applied to analyse the collected data.Findings: The results indicated that seven of nine research hypotheses were supported. It was found that trust, perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment and perceived ease of use were key determinants for users’ behavioural intention to use blockchain-based games. The most influential relationship in the research model appeared to be the effect of perceived usefulness on users’ behavioural intention to use blockchain-based games. However, subjective norms did not have significant positive impacts on users’ behavioural intention to use blockchain-based games.Practical implications: The regulatory support from governmental authorities is essential to provide additional legal certainty to build users’ trust in playing blockchain-based games. Blockchain-based games providers should arrange the training program targeted to the general users to enhance their understanding of the key features associated with blockchain-based games. Blockchain-based games developers should come up with good design solutions to maximize user enjoyment with blockchain-based games by considering additional entertainment elements.Originality/value: To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is first of its kind in investigating the adoption of blockchain-based games from users’ perspectives. This study contributes to the existing literature on the adoption of blockchain technology.
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