| 1. |
- Grover, Sandeep, et al.
(author)
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Replication of a Novel Parkinson's Locus in a European Ancestry Population
- 2021
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In: Movement Disorders. - : Wiley. - 0885-3185 .- 1531-8257. ; 36:7, s. 1689-1695
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A recently published East Asian genome-wide association study of Parkinson;s disease (PD) reported 2 novel risk loci, SV2C and WBSCR17.OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study were to determine whether recently reported novel SV2C and WBSCR17 loci contribute to the risk of developing PD in European and East Asian ancestry populations.METHODS: We report an association analysis of recently reported variants with PD in the COURAGE-PD cohort (9673 PD patients; 8465 controls) comprising individuals of European and East Asian ancestries. In addition, publicly available summary data (41,386 PD patients; 476,428 controls) were pooled.RESULTS: Our findings confirmed the role of the SV2C variant in PD pathogenesis (rs246814, COURAGE-PD PEuropean = 6.64 × 10-4 , pooled PD P = 1.15 × 10-11 ). The WBSCR17 rs9638616 was observed as a significant risk marker in the East Asian pooled population only (P = 1.16 × 10-8 ).CONCLUSIONS: Our comprehensive study provides an up-to-date summary of recently detected novel loci in different PD populations and confirmed the role of SV2C locus as a novel risk factor for PD irrespective of the population or ethnic group analyzed. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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| 2. |
- Kassebaum, Nicholas J., et al.
(author)
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Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990-2015 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
- 2016
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In: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 388:10053, s. 1603-1658
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Healthy life expectancy (HALE) and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) provide summary measures of health across geographies and time that can inform assessments of epidemiological patterns and health system performance, help to prioritise investments in research and development, and monitor progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We aimed to provide updated HALE and DALYs for geographies worldwide and evaluate how disease burden changes with development. Methods We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015) for all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and non-fatal disease burden to derive HALE and DALYs by sex for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. We calculated DALYs by summing years of life lost (YLLs) and years of life lived with disability (YLDs) for each geography, age group, sex, and year. We estimated HALE using the Sullivan method, which draws from age-specific death rates and YLDs per capita. We then assessed how observed levels of DALYs and HALE differed from expected trends calculated with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator constructed from measures of income per capita, average years of schooling, and total fertility rate. Findings Total global DALYs remained largely unchanged from 1990 to 2015, with decreases in communicable, neonatal, maternal, and nutritional (Group 1) disease DALYs off set by increased DALYs due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Much of this epidemiological transition was caused by changes in population growth and ageing, but it was accelerated by widespread improvements in SDI that also correlated strongly with the increasing importance of NCDs. Both total DALYs and age-standardised DALY rates due to most Group 1 causes significantly decreased by 2015, and although total burden climbed for the majority of NCDs, age-standardised DALY rates due to NCDs declined. Nonetheless, age-standardised DALY rates due to several high-burden NCDs (including osteoarthritis, drug use disorders, depression, diabetes, congenital birth defects, and skin, oral, and sense organ diseases) either increased or remained unchanged, leading to increases in their relative ranking in many geographies. From 2005 to 2015, HALE at birth increased by an average of 2.9 years (95% uncertainty interval 2.9-3.0) for men and 3.5 years (3.4-3.7) for women, while HALE at age 65 years improved by 0.85 years (0.78-0.92) and 1.2 years (1.1-1.3), respectively. Rising SDI was associated with consistently higher HALE and a somewhat smaller proportion of life spent with functional health loss; however, rising SDI was related to increases in total disability. Many countries and territories in central America and eastern sub-Saharan Africa had increasingly lower rates of disease burden than expected given their SDI. At the same time, a subset of geographies recorded a growing gap between observed and expected levels of DALYs, a trend driven mainly by rising burden due to war, interpersonal violence, and various NCDs. Interpretation Health is improving globally, but this means more populations are spending more time with functional health loss, an absolute expansion of morbidity. The proportion of life spent in ill health decreases somewhat with increasing SDI, a relative compression of morbidity, which supports continued efforts to elevate personal income, improve education, and limit fertility. Our analysis of DALYs and HALE and their relationship to SDI represents a robust framework on which to benchmark geography-specific health performance and SDG progress. Country-specific drivers of disease burden, particularly for causes with higher-than-expected DALYs, should inform financial and research investments, prevention efforts, health policies, and health system improvement initiatives for all countries along the development continuum.
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| 3. |
- Khan, Mohd Ziyauddin, et al.
(author)
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Modeling enablers of agile and sustainable sourcing networks in a supply chain: A case of the plastic industry
- 2024
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In: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 435
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To compete in emerging markets, a supply chain must perform well. Agile and sustainable sourcing practices can improve supply chain performance; however, their impact needs an optimal evaluation. Although few research studies offer frameworks for integrating agile and sustainable principles, none offer links to implementing these practices in the sourcing networks of a supply chain. The present study seeks to bridge these gaps by developing a framework that identifies and configures the enabling elements for creating agile and sustainable sourcing networks. This study aims to provide an implementable causal model that the plastic industry's supply chain could adopt. In the first phase of the research process, fifteen enablers are identified through literature and validated by Delphi experts. In the second phase, interpretive structural modeling is applied to establish the hierarchical relationships among these enablers and categorize them based on their functionalities. The model is demonstrated based on the real-life case study of a firm manufacturing plastic pipes and fittings. The proposed model identifies the strategic, operational, and performance level enablers and intends to help the managers incorporate the agile and sustainable criteria in their sourcing practices. The findings of this study provide several contributions to the literature and implications for the plastic industry.
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| 4. |
- Kumar, Ashwani, et al.
(author)
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Sustainable waste electrical and electronic equipment management guide in emerging economies context : A structural model approach
- 2022
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In: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier Science Ltd. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 336
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With globalization and the rapid advancement of information technology, waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) management has become a significant concern among electronic manufacturers. It motivated researchers to identify barriers and enablers of sustainable WEEE management. However, existing literature could not capture multi-stakeholders perspective while identifying enablers crucial for developing sustainable WEEE management policy, especially in emerging economies. The present study fulfils the gap by considering multi-stakeholders perspective to identify enablers of sustainable WEEE management in an emerging economy, i.e., India. We identified 23 potential enablers through literature review and discussion with domain experts. Subsequently, the finalized enablers were analyzed to uncover the cause-effect relationship using a hybrid grey based decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) approach. Findings revealed that research and development capabilities and digitization, extended producer responsibility, monitoring of illegal import and dumping, environmental regulations and WEEE policies, and use of green or cleaner technologies for waste recycling were recognized as the most significant causal enablers. The study contributes to the theoretical knowledge by categorizing enablers under different theoretical frameworks. It can also assist policymakers, practitioners, and electronic manufacturers in framing policies related to the circular economy and sustainable WEEE management to meet the sustainable development goals of 2030.
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| 5. |
- Rastogi, Simran, et al.
(author)
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Osteogenic markers in peri‐implant crevicular fluid in immediate and delayed‐loaded dental implants: A randomized controlled trial
- 2023
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In: Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1523-0899 .- 1708-8208. ; 25:3, s. 540-548
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- IntroductionThe study evaluates the levels of matrix metalloprotease-8 (MMP-8), and Cathepsin-K (CatK) in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) among patients with immediate loaded (IL) and delayed-loaded (DL) implants at different time points to know the inflammation and osteogenic status.MethodsThe study population consisted of two groups (n = 25, each group) with a mean age of 28.7 ± 3.5 years, and PICF was collected. MMP-8 and CatK levels were quantified through ELISA.ResultsWe observed the concentrations of inflammatory markers (MMP-8 and CatK) at three time points in the IL and DL groups. The mean concentration of MMP-8 in the IL group was 9468 ± 1230 pg/mL, 5547 ± 1088 pg/mL, and 7248 ± 1396 pg/mL at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 12 months, respectively; while in the DL group was 10 816 ± 779.7 pg/mL, 9531 ± 1245 pg/mL, and 9132 ± 1265 pg/mL at 2 weeks, 3 and 12 months, respectively. The mean concentration of Cat-K in the IL group was observed at 422.1 ± 36.46 pg/mL, 242.9 ± 25.87 pg/mL, and 469 ± 75.38 pg/mL at 2 weeks, 3, and 12 months, whereas in the DL group was 654.6 ± 152.9 pg/mL, 314.7 ± 28.29 pg/mL, and 539.8 ± 115.1 pg/mL at 2 weeks, 3 months and 12 months, respectively.ConclusionIn this study, the levels of CatK and MMP-8 levels decline at 12 months in both groups, and the IL group shows lower values compared to the DL group; however, no significant changes were observed after analyses were adjusted for multiple comparisons (p > 0.025). Therefore, there is not much difference observed in the inflammation process between immediate and delayed loading. (Clinical trial identifier: CTRI/2017/09/009668).
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| 6. |
- Roondhe, Basant, et al.
(author)
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Enhancing the electronic and phonon transport properties of two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride through oxygenation : A first principles study
- 2020
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In: Applied Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-4332 .- 1873-5584. ; 533
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Thermoelectric (TE) materials have gathered much attention due to their ability to harvest waste heat energy. To fulfill the goal of sufficient efficiency conversion two important parameters are required (1) low thermal conductivity and (2) high power factor (PF). Two dimensional (2D) hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is isostructural with graphene and composed of excellent opto-electronic properties, high mechanical and chemical stability, further exhibiting wide range of applications in diverse areas. Insulating nature of 2D h-BN can be tuned by different approaches such as functionalization, doping or hybrid structures. Therefore, present work focuses on the oxygenation of h-BN, i.e. BNO, for optimization of electronic and phonon transport properties using the state-of-the-art density functional theory (DFT) and Boltzmann transport equation. The presence of oxygen in out-of-plane direction leads to the buckling in h-BN resulting in 65% decrement in the lattice thermal conductivity of BNO (103.66 W/mK) at room temperature. Further, the giant reduction (from 4.63 to 0.7 eV) in electronic bandgap after oxygenation in h-BN is found, leading to the nine times larger electrical conductivity as compared to h-BN. The calculated power factor is almost double in case of BNO. Present study suggests, BNO might have promising utilization in high temperature thermoelectric applications.
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| 7. |
- Yao, Yuhan, et al.
(author)
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The Tidal Disruption Event AT2021ehb : Evidence of Relativistic Disk Reflection, and Rapid Evolution of the Disk-Corona System
- 2022
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In: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 937:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present X-ray, UV, optical, and radio observations of the nearby (≈78 Mpc) tidal disruption event AT2021ehb/ZTF21aanxhjv during its first 430 days of evolution. AT2021ehb occurs in the nucleus of a galaxy hosting a≈107 M⊙ black hole (MBH inferred from host galaxy scaling relations). High-cadence Swift and Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) monitoring reveals a delayed X-ray brightening. The spectrum first undergoes a gradual soft → hard transition and then suddenly turns soft again within 3 days at δt≈272 days during which the X-ray flux drops by a factor of 10. In the joint NICER+NuSTAR observation (δt = 264 days, harder state), we observe a prominent nonthermal component up to 30 keV and an extremely broad emission line in the iron K band. The bolometric luminosity of AT2021ehb reaches a maximum of 6.0+10.4-3.8%LEdd when the X-ray spectrum is the hardest. During the dramatic X-ray evolution, no radio emission is detected, the UV/optical luminosity stays relatively constant, and the optical spectra are featureless. We propose the following interpretations: (i) the soft → hard transition may be caused by the gradual formation of a magnetically dominated corona; (ii) hard X-ray photons escape from the system along solid angles with low scattering optical depth (∼a few) whereas the UV/optical emission is likely generated by reprocessing materials with much larger column density—the system is highly aspherical; and (iii) the abrupt X-ray flux drop may be triggered by the thermal–viscous instability in the inner accretion flow, leading to a much thinner disk.
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