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1.
  • Du, Qian, et al. (author)
  • Porcine circovirus type 2 infection promotes the SUMOylation of nucleophosmin-1 to facilitate the viral circular single-stranded DNA replication
  • 2024
  • In: PLoS Pathogens. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7366 .- 1553-7374. ; 20:2
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The mechanism of genome DNA replication in circular single-stranded DNA viruses is currently a mystery, except for the fact that it undergoes rolling-circle replication. Herein, we identified SUMOylated porcine nucleophosmin-1 (pNPM1), which is previously reported to be an interacting protein of the viral capsid protein, as a key regulator that promotes the genome DNA replication of porcine single-stranded DNA circovirus. Upon porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection, SUMO2/3 were recruited and conjugated with the K263 site of pNPM1's C-terminal domain to SUMOylate pNPM1, subsequently, the SUMOylated pNPM1 were translocated in nucleoli to promote the replication of PCV2 genome DNA. The mutation of the K263 site reduced the SUMOylation levels of pNPM1 and the nucleolar localization of pNPM1, resulting in a decrease in the level of PCV2 DNA replication. Meanwhile, the mutation of the K263 site prevented the interaction of pNPM1 with PCV2 DNA, but not the interaction of pNPM1 with PCV2 Cap. Mechanistically, PCV2 infection increased the expression levels of Ubc9, the only E2 enzyme involved in SUMOylation, through the Cap-mediated activation of ERK signaling. The upregulation of Ubc9 promoted the interaction between pNPM1 and TRIM24, a potential E3 ligase for SUMOylation, thereby facilitating the SUMOylation of pNPM1. The inhibition of ERK activation could significantly reduce the SUMOylation levels and the nucleolar localization of pNPM1, as well as the PCV2 DNA replication levels. These results provide new insights into the mechanism of circular single-stranded DNA virus replication and highlight NPM1 as a potential target for inhibiting PCV2 replication. Different types of DNA viruses employ different mechanisms to replicate their genome DNA. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the most representative circular single-stranded DNA virus that harms the pig industry all over the world. In this study, we found that the PCV2 Cap interacting protein pNPM1 also interacts with PCV2 DNA in a SUMOylated form to promote PCV2 DNA replication. The SUMOylation of pNPM1 at the conserved K263 site is critical for the interaction of pNPM1 with PCV2 DNA and the replication of PCV2 DNA. Furthermore, we found that PCV2 infection promotes the SUMO2/3 mediated SUMOylation of pNPM1, while does not significantly alter the expression level of pNPM1. PCV2 Cap is the major component that promotes pNPM1 SUMOylation by activating ERK/Ubc9/TRIM24 signalings. These results contribute to a better understanding of the replication mechanism of circular single-stranded DNA viruses, particularly PCV2.
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2.
  • Zhong, Yi, et al. (author)
  • Coupled Impacts of Atmospheric Circulation and Sea-Ice on Late Pleistocene Terrigenous Sediment Dynamics in the Subarctic Pacific Ocean
  • 2021
  • In: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276. ; 48:19
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Processes controlling environmental change in the subarctic Pacific Ocean on millennial to orbital timescales are not well understood. Here we use a 230-kyr sedimentary record from the northwest Pacific Ocean to assess the response of late Pleistocene sediment dynamics to orbital forcing. Combining a source-to-sink perspective based on sedimentological records with climate model reanalysis, we reveal that fluctuations in sediment provenance were closely linked to obliquity-forced changes in atmospheric circulation modes. Specifically, the position of the Aleutian Low controlled sediment transport from the Bering Sea and Aleutian Arc sources. Furthermore, a distinct shift in North Pacific ocean circulation during the Last Glacial Maximum may have been related to a strengthened Siberian High. The coincidence of atmospheric mode switches with changes in sea-ice extent and North Pacific Intermediate Water formation in the marginal seas suggests that this coupled ocean-atmosphere system may have acted as a regional amplifier of global climate variability.
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