| 1. |
- Alm Mårtensson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Att möta våldsutsatta äldre personer
- 2022
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Ingår i: Äldre personers utsatthet för våld i nära relationer. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144155142 ; , s. 183-220
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Ludvigsson, Mikael, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Responding to Elder Abuse in GERiAtric care (REAGERA) educational intervention for healthcare providers : a non-randomised stepped wedge trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - London, United Kingdom : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 12:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Elder abuse is prevalent and associated with different forms of ill health. Despite this, healthcare providers are often unaware of abusive experiences among older patients and many lack training about elder abuse. The overall aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of an educational intervention on healthcare providers' propensity to ask older patients questions about abusive experiences. Methods and analysis Healthcare providers at hospital clinics and primary healthcare centres in Sweden will undergo full-day education about elder abuse between the fall of 2021 and spring of 2023. The education consists of (1) theory and group discussions; (2) forum theatre, a form of interactive theatre in which participants are given the opportunity to practise how to manage difficult patient encounters; and (3) post-training reflection on changing practices. The design is a non-randomised cluster, stepped wedge trial in which all participants (n=750) gradually transit from control group to intervention group with 6-month interval, starting fall 2021. Data are collected using the Responding to Elder Abuse in GERiAtric care-Provider questionnaire which was distributed to all clusters at baseline. All participants will also be asked to answer the questionnaire in conjunction with participating in the education as well as at 6-month and 12-month follow-up. Main outcome is changes in self-reported propensity to ask older patients questions about abuse post-intervention compared with pre-intervention. Linear mixed models including cluster as a random effect will be used to statistically evaluate the outcome. Ethics and dissemination The study has been approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings. If the intervention is successful, a manual of the course content will be published so that the education can be disseminated to other clinics.
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| 5. |
- Motamedi, Atbin, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Factors associated with health care providers speaking with older patients about being subjected to abuse
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect. - : Routledge. - 0894-6566 .- 1540-4129. ; 34:1, s. 20-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Health care providers have difficulties responding to elder abuse. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with health care providers speaking with older patients about being subjected to abuse, and what facilitating measures staff preferred to help them achieve this. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among hospital health care providers (n = 154) in Sweden. Half of the respondents had experience of speaking about elder abuse. A high sense of professional responsibility (OR 3.23) and being less concerned about inflicting damage to the therapeutic relationship (OR 3.97) were associated with having spoken with older patients about being subjected to abuse. Written guidelines about elder abuse and a patient information sheet were the most preferred facilitating measures. Our findings indicate that increasing care providers’ sense of responsibility and addressing concerns about damaging the therapeutic relationship might be important factors to target in future interventions to improve health care response to elder abuse.
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| 6. |
- Simmons, Johanna, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Can nonresponse bias and known methodological differences explain the large discrepancies in the reported prevalence rate of violence found in Swedish studies?
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 14:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction The reported prevalence rate of violence varies considerably between studies, even when conducted in similar populations. The reasons for this are largely unknown. This article considers the effects of nonresponse bias on the reported prevalence rate of interpersonal violence. We also single out violence perpetrated in intimate relationships and compare our results to previous Swedish studies. The aim was to explore the reasons for the large discrepancies in the prevalence rates found between studies. Material and method This is a cross sectional study of a random population sample. The NorVold Abuse Questionnaire (NorAQ), covering emotional, physical, and sexual violence, was answered by 754 men (response rate 35%) and 749 women (response rate 38%). Nonresponse bias was investigated in six ways, e. g., findings were replicated in two samples and we explored nonresponders' reasons for declining participation. Also, the prevalence rate of intimate partner violence was compared to four previous studies conducted in Sweden, considering the methodological differences. Results and discussion The only evidence of nonresponse bias found was for differences between the sample and the background population concerning the sociodemographic characteristics. However, the magnitude of that effect is bleak in comparison with the large discrepancies found in the prevalence rates between studies concerning intimate partner violence, e. g., emotional violence women: 11-41% and men: 4-37%; sexual and/or physical violence women: 12-27% and men: 2-21%. Some of the reasons behind these differences were obvious and pertained to differences in the definition and operationalization of violence. However, a considerable proportion of the difference could not easily be accounted for. Conclusion It is not reasonable that so little is known about the large discrepancies in the prevalence rate for what is supposedly the same concept, i.e., intimate partner violence. This study is a call for more empirical research on methods to investigate violence.
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| 7. |
- Simmons, Johanna, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics Associated With Being Asked About Violence Victimization in Health Care : A Swedish Random Population Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Interpersonal Violence. - : Sage Publications. - 0886-2605 .- 1552-6518. ; 37:11-12, s. NP8479-NP8506
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recommendations to routinely question patients about violence victimization have been around for many years; nonetheless, many patients suffering in the aftermath of violence go unnoticed in health care. The main aim of this study was to explore characteristics associated with being asked about experiences of violence in health care and thereby making visible victims that go unnoticed. In this study, we used cross-sectional survey data from 754 men (response rate 35%) and 749 women (response rate 38%) collected at random from the Swedish population, age 25–85. Questions were asked about experiences of emotional, physical, and sexual violence from both family, partner, and other perpetrators. Only 13.1% of those reporting some form of victimization reported ever being asked about experiences of violence in health care. Low subjective social status was associated with being asked questions (adj OR 2.23) but not with victimization, possibly indicating prejudice believes among providers concerning who can be a victim of violence. Other factors associated with increased odds of being asked questions were: being a woman (adj OR 2.09), young age (24–44 years, adj OR 6.90), having been treated for depression (adj OR 2.45) or depression and anxiety (adj OR 2.19) as well as reporting physical violence (adj OR 2.74) or polyvictimization (adj OR 2.85). The main finding of the study was that only few victims had been asked questions. For example, among those reporting ≥4 visits to a primary care physician during the past 12 months, 43% reported some form of victimization but only 6% had been asked questions. Our findings underline the importance of continuing to improve the health care response offered to victims of violence.
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| 8. |
- Simmons, Johanna, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Development and validation of REAGERA-P, a new questionnaire to evaluate health care provider preparedness to identify and manage elder abuse
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : BMC. - 1472-6963. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Elder abuse is prevalent and associated with morbidity but often goes unnoticed in health care. Research on the health care response to victims calls for valid measurements. This article describes the development and validation of a questionnaire to evaluate health care provider preparedness to care for older adults subjected to abuse, the REAGERA-P (Responding to Elder Abuse in GERiAtric Care - Provider questionnaire).METHOD: REAGERA-P was developed in phase I. The questionnaire includes a case vignette, self-efficacy scales for identifying and managing elder abuse cases and cause for concern as well as organizational barriers when talking with older patients about abuse. Content validity was ensured by a review committee, and cognitive interviews were conducted to ensure face validity and to examine cognitive processes to ensure comprehension. REAGERA-P was then administered to health care providers (n = 154, response rate 99 %) to test for construct validity. Factor analysis was performed, and internal consistency was tested for the self-efficacy scales. Convergent validity was tested by investigating associations between relevant variables. Some items were revised in phase II, and new cognitive interviews were performed. Parts of the questionnaire were tested for responsiveness by administering it to medical interns (n = 31, response rate 80 %) before and after an educational intervention.RESULTS: REAGERA-P showed good content and face validity. The factor analysis revealed two factors: one for asking questions about abuse (Cronbach's α = 0.75) and one for managing the response to the questions (Cronbach's α = 0.87). Results suggest good convergent validity for the self-efficacy scales and for questions about cause for concern and organizational barriers. The responsiveness of the self-efficacy scales was good: the mean on the scale for asking questions (range 0-30) was 15.0 before the intervention and 21.5 afterwards, the mean on the scale for managing the response (range 0-50) was 22.4 before the intervention and 32.5 afterwards.CONCLUSION: REAGERA-P is a new questionnaire that can be used to evaluate health care provider preparedness to identify and manage cases of elder abuse, including educational interventions conducted among staff to improve health care responses to victims of elder abuse. This initial testing of the questionnaire indicates that the REAGERA-P has good validity.
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| 9. |
- Simmons, Johanna, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Disclosing victimisation to healthcare professionals in Sweden : A constructivist grounded theory study of experiences among men exposed to interpersonal violence
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 6:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To develop a theoretical model concerning male victims' processes of disclosing experiences of victimisation to healthcare professionals in Sweden.Design: Qualitative interview study.Setting: Informants were recruited from the general population and a primary healthcare centre in Sweden.Participants: Informants were recruited by means of theoretical sampling among respondents in a previous quantitative study. Eligible for this study were men reporting sexual, physical and/or emotional violence victimisation by any perpetrator and reporting that they either had talked to a healthcare provider about their victimisation or had wanted to do so.Method: Constructivist grounded theory. 12 interviews were performed and saturation was reached after 9.Results: Several factors influencing the process of disclosing victimisation can be recognised from previous studies concerning female victims, including shame, fear of negative consequences of disclosing, specifics of the patient-provider relationship and time constraints within the healthcare system. However, this study extends previous knowledge by identifying strong negative effects of adherence to masculinity norms for victimised men and healthcare professionals on the process of disclosing. It is also emphasised that the process of disclosing cannot be separated from other, even seemingly unrelated, circumstances in the men's lives.Conclusions: The process of disclosing victimisation to healthcare professionals was a complex process involving the men's experiences of victimisation, adherence to gender norms, their life circumstances and the dynamics of the actual healthcare encounter.
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| 10. |
- Simmons, Johanna, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Lifetime co-occurrence of violence victimisation and symptoms of psychological ill health : a cross-sectional study of Swedish male and female clinical and population samples
- 2015
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Lifetime co-occurrence of violence victimisation is common. A large proportion of victims report being exposed to multiple forms of violence (physical, sexual, emotional violence) and/or violence by multiple kinds of perpetrators (family members, intimate partners, acquaintances/strangers). Yet much research focuses on only one kind of victimisation. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between symptoms of psychological ill health, and A) exposure to multiple forms of violence, and B) violence by multiple perpetrators. Method: Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data previously collected for prevalence studies on interpersonal violence in Sweden was used. Respondents were recruited at hospital clinics (women n = 2439, men n = 1767) and at random from the general population (women n = 1168, men n = 2924). Multinomial regression analysis was used to estimate associations between exposure to violence and symptoms of psychological ill health. Results: Among both men and women and in both clinical and population samples, exposure to multiple forms of violence as well as violence by multiple perpetrators were more strongly associated with symptoms of psychological ill health than reporting one form of violence or violence by one perpetrator. For example, in the female population sample, victims reporting all three forms of violence were four times more likely to report many symptoms of psychological ill health compared to those reporting only one form of violence (adj OR: 3.8, 95 % CI 1.6-8.8). In the male clinical sample, victims reporting two or three kind of perpetrators were three times more likely to report many symptoms of psychological ill health than those reporting violence by one perpetrator (adj OR 3.3 95 % CI 1.9-5.9). Discussion: The strong association found between lifetime co-occurrence of violence victimisation and symptoms of psychological ill-health is important to consider in both research and clinic work. If only the effect of one form of violence or violence by one kind of perpetrator is considered this may lead to a misinterpretation of the association between violence and psychological ill health. When the effect of unmeasured traumata is ignored, the full burden of violence experienced by victims may be underestimated. Conclusion: Different kinds of victimisation can work interactively, making exposure to multiple forms of violence as well as violence by multiple perpetrators more strongly associated with symptoms of psychological ill health than any one kind of victimisation alone.
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