| 1. |
- Ljungwald, Carina, 1975-
(författare)
-
The Emergence of the Crime Victim in the Swedish Social Services Act
- 2011
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study sought to explain how crime victims emerged as a target group in the Swedish Social Services Act in 2001. The findings, derived from legislative documents, a literature review, and focus group interviews with social workers, showed that the 2001 provisions both duplicated and undermined pre-existing provisions of the Social Services Act. The explicit aim of the reform was to improve services to crime victims. The provisions did not, however, change the legal responsibility of the social services, nor did they strengthen the social rights of crime victims. The social services already assumed responsibility for crime victims according to other provisions of the act. To some degree, the reform can be explained symbolically. Support for crime victims was a complicated issue for the social democratic government. The economic crisis of the early 1990s ruled out reforms that might bring high increased costs. Yet expanding crime victims’ rights at the expense of the offender (e.g. toughening penal law and promoting victim impact statements) was not in line with social democratic ideology. By enacting the 2001 provisions, the government showed its commitment to providing support to crime victims. At the same time, the provisions did not increase costs or strengthen crime victims’ rights. In this way, the provisions solved a political dilemma for the government. Incorporating the 2001 provisions in the Social Services Act may seem to have been a modest reform. Symbolic politics, however, are not empty; rather, they reflect attitudes and beliefs. This study proposed that the reform revealed the state’s increasing concern with violence against women and individual responsibility. Furthermore, the provisions may have constituted a normative reorientation of the Social Services Act, in which individual responsibility increasingly replaced solidarity, the holistic view, and a right to assistance according to need.
|
|
| 2. |
- Pennells, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Equalization of four cardiovascular risk algorithms after systematic recalibration : individual-participant meta-analysis of 86 prospective studies
- 2019
-
Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 40:7, s. 621-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: There is debate about the optimum algorithm for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk estimation. We conducted head-to-head comparisons of four algorithms recommended by primary prevention guidelines, before and after ‘recalibration’, a method that adapts risk algorithms to take account of differences in the risk characteristics of the populations being studied.Methods and results: Using individual-participant data on 360 737 participants without CVD at baseline in 86 prospective studies from 22 countries, we compared the Framingham risk score (FRS), Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE), pooled cohort equations (PCE), and Reynolds risk score (RRS). We calculated measures of risk discrimination and calibration, and modelled clinical implications of initiating statin therapy in people judged to be at ‘high’ 10 year CVD risk. Original risk algorithms were recalibrated using the risk factor profile and CVD incidence of target populations. The four algorithms had similar risk discrimination. Before recalibration, FRS, SCORE, and PCE over-predicted CVD risk on average by 10%, 52%, and 41%, respectively, whereas RRS under-predicted by 10%. Original versions of algorithms classified 29–39% of individuals aged ≥40 years as high risk. By contrast, recalibration reduced this proportion to 22–24% for every algorithm. We estimated that to prevent one CVD event, it would be necessary to initiate statin therapy in 44–51 such individuals using original algorithms, in contrast to 37–39 individuals with recalibrated algorithms.Conclusion: Before recalibration, the clinical performance of four widely used CVD risk algorithms varied substantially. By contrast, simple recalibration nearly equalized their performance and improved modelled targeting of preventive action to clinical need.
|
|
| 3. |
- Rahmani, Shapour, 1975-
(författare)
-
Studies on lipid transport and extracellular vesicle production in Caenorhabditis elegans ciliated neurons
- 2022
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The cilium is a protrusion of cell membrane. Both the protein and lipid contents of cilia are different from those of other parts of the cell membrane. While the transport of proteins into and out of cilia has been intensively studied, much less is known about how the lipid content of ciliary membranes is regulated. TAT-6 is a P4-family ATPase that is expressed in C. elegans ciliated neurons whose endings are exposed to the environment. To study the function of TAT-6 and that other translocases in lipid transport in C. elegans ciliated neurons, I developed a technique to allow labelling of cilia with lipids. For the first time I used fusogenic liposomes to study the roles of all the TAT proteins in this organism in maintaining the lipid asymmetry in this organelle. Assessment the cilia with these liposomes showed that TAT-5 and TAT-1 translocase activities promote the transport of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS) respectively and TAT-6 has an overlapping function in transporting both phospholipds. In C. elegans males, certain ciliated neurons release extracellular vesicles (EVs). The cilium is a site of EV biogenesis and shedding. I found that ciliated neurons in tat-6 mutant males produced significantly fewer EVs than those in wild type. tat-1, tat-5 and pad-1 mutants, however, produced far more EVs than those in wild type. PPK-3, CUP-5 and LMP-1 are proteins necessary for endolysosomal trafficking and lysosomes biogenesis, a process in which TAT-1 has previously been shown to function in C. elegans intestinal cells. I found that, like tat-1 mutants, ppk-3, lmp-1 and cup-5 mutant males release significantly greater numbers of EVs from cilia compared with wild-type. I found that increasing and decreasing the cGMP signaling cause defects in the response and turning behavior in male C. elegans respectively. Exposing wild-type males to high levels of 8-Bromoguanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate strongly reduced response behavior. Males mutant for odr-3, which encodes a G protein were defective in response. Overall my investigations indicate that the regulation of lipid asymmetry and phospholipid transport is required for proper cilia function in C. elegans, that intercellular trafficking and lipid composition have important roles in EVs biogenesis, and that different TAT proteins can affect the size and number of EVs produced. I also showed that in male animals, cGMP is one of the mediators in mating transduction signal and that a high level of cGMP inhibits mating response behavior in male C. elegans.
|
|
| 4. |
- Evangelou, Evangelos, et al.
(författare)
-
Genetic analysis of over 1 million people identifies 535 new loci associated with blood pressure traits.
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 50:10, s. 1412-1425
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High blood pressure is a highly heritable and modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We report the largest genetic association study of blood pressure traits (systolic, diastolic and pulse pressure) to date in over 1 million people of European ancestry. We identify 535 novel blood pressure loci that not only offer new biological insights into blood pressure regulation but also highlight shared genetic architecture between blood pressure and lifestyle exposures. Our findings identify new biological pathways for blood pressure regulation with potential for improved cardiovascular disease prevention in the future.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- van Daalen, Kim R., et al.
(författare)
-
The 2024 Europe report of the lancet countdown on health and climate change : unprecedented warming demands unprecedented action
- 2024
-
Ingår i: The Lancet Public Health. - : Elsevier. - 2468-2667. ; 9:7, s. e495-e522
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Record-breaking temperatures were recorded across the globe in 2023. Without climate action, adverse climate-related health impacts are expected to worsen worldwide, affecting billions of people. Temperatures in Europe are warming at twice the rate of the global average, threatening the health of populations across the continent and leading to unnecessary loss of life. The Lancet Countdown in Europe was established in 2021, to assess the health profile of climate change aiming to stimulate European social and political will to implement rapid health-responsive climate mitigation and adaptation actions. In 2022, the collaboration published its indicator report, tracking progress on health and climate change via 33 indicators and across five domains.This new report tracks 42 indicators highlighting the negative impacts of climate change on human health, the delayed climate action of European countries, and the missed opportunities to protect or improve health with health-responsive climate action. The methods behind indicators presented in the 2022 report have been improved, and nine new indicators have been added, covering leishmaniasis, ticks, food security, health-care emissions, production and consumption-based emissions, clean energy investment, and scientific, political, and media engagement with climate and health. Considering that negative climate-related health impacts and the responsibility for climate change are not equal at the regional and global levels, this report also endeavours to reflect on aspects of inequality and justice by highlighting at-risk groups within Europe and Europe's responsibility for the climate crisis.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Watts, Nick, et al.
(författare)
-
The 2020 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change : responding to converging crises
- 2021
-
Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 397:10269, s. 129-170
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Lancet Countdown is an international collaboration established to provide an independent, global monitoring system dedicated to tracking the emerging health profile of the changing climate.The 2020 report presents 43 indicators across five sections: climate change impacts, exposures, and vulnerabilities; adaptation, planning, and resilience for health; mitigation actions and health co-benefits; economics and finance; and public and political engagement. This report represents the findings and consensus of the 35 leading academic institutions and UN agencies that make up The Lancet Countdown, and draws on the expertise of climate scientists, geographers, engineers, experts in energy, food, and transport, economists, social, and political scientists, data scientists, public health professionals, and doctors.
|
|
