| 1. |
- Brandrup, Morten, et al.
(author)
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Effects-Driven Participatory Design : Learning from Sampling Interruptions
- 2017
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In: Participatory Design & Health Information Technology. - : IOS Press. - 9781614997399 - 9781614997405 ; , s. 113-127
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Participatory design (PD) can play an important role in obtaining benefits from healthcare information technologies, but we contend that to fulfil this role PD must incorporate feedback from real use of the technologies. In this paper we describe an effects-driven PD approach that revolves around a sustained focus on pursued effects and uses the experience sampling method (ESM) to collect real-use feedback. To illustrate the use of the method we analyze a case that involves the organizational implementation of electronic whiteboards at a Danish hospital to support the clinicians' intra- and interdepartmental coordination. The hospital aimed to reduce the number of phone calls involved in coordinating work because many phone calls were seen as unnecessary interruptions. To learn about the interruptions we introduced an app for capturing quantitative data and qualitative feedback about the phone calls. The investigation showed that the electronic whiteboards had little potential for reducing the number of phone calls at the operating ward. The combination of quantitative data and qualitative feedback worked both as a basis for aligning assumptions to data and showed ESM as an instrument for triggering in-situ reflection. The participant-driven design and redesign of the way data were captured by means of ESM is a central contribution to the understanding of how to conduct effects-driven PD.
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| 2. |
- Andersen, Otto, et al.
(author)
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CO2 emissions from the transport of China's exported goods
- 2010
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In: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-6777 .- 0301-4215. ; 38:10, s. 5790-5798
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Emissions of greenhouse gases in many European countries are declining, and the European Union (EU) believes it is on track in achieving emission reductions as agreed upon in the Kyoto Agreement and the EU's more ambitious post-Kyoto climate policy. However, a number of recent publications indicate that emission reductions may also have been achieved because production has been shifted to other countries, and in particular China. If a consumption perspective is applied, emissions in industrialized countries are substantially higher, and may not have declined at all. Significantly, emissions from transports are omitted in consumption-based calculations. As all trade involves transport, mostly by cargo ship, but also by air, transports add considerably to overall emissions growth incurred in production shifts. Consequently, this article studies the role of transports in creating emissions of CO2, based on the example of exports from China. Results are discussed with regard to their implications for global emission reductions and post-Kyoto negotiations. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Kjellsson, Tor, et al.
(author)
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Alternative gauge for the description of the light-matter interaction in a relativistic framework
- 2017
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In: Physical Review A: covering atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum information. - 2469-9926 .- 2469-9934. ; 96:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present a generalized velocity gauge form of the relativistic laser-matter interaction. In comparison with the (equivalent) regular minimal coupling description, this form of light-matter interaction results in superior convergence properties for the numerical solution of the time-dependent Dirac equation. This applies both to the numerical treatment and, more importantly, to the multipole expansion of the laser field. The advantages of the alternative gauge is demonstrated in hydrogen by studies of the dynamics following the impact of superintense laser pulses of extreme ultraviolet wavelengths and subfemtosecond duration.
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| 4. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(author)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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In: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Knorr, Ulla, et al.
(author)
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Alzheimer's disease related biomarkers in bipolar disorder - A longitudinal one-year case-control study.
- 2022
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In: Journal of affective disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 1573-2517 .- 0165-0327. ; 297, s. 623-633
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bipolar disorder (BD) is a heterogeneous mental disorder characterized by recurrent relapses of affective episodes: Subgroups of patients with BD have cognitive deficits, and an increased risk of dementia.This prospective, longitudinal, one-year follow-up, case-control study investigated biomarkers for AD and neurodegenerative diseases, namely: cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta (Aβ) isoforms and ratios (Aβ42, Aβ40, Aβ38), CSF soluble amyloid precursor protein (sAPP) α and β, CSF total (t-tau) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau), CSF neurofilament-light (NF-L), CSF neurogranin (NG), plasma-isoforms Aβ42 and Aβ40, plasma-tau, plasma-NF-L, and serum S100B, in patients with BD (N=62, aged 18-60) and gender-and-age-matched healthy control individuals (N=40). CSF and plasma/serum samples were collected at baseline, during and after an affective episode, if it occurred, and after a year. Data were analyzed in mixed models.Levels of CSF Aβ42 decreased in patients with BD who had an episode during follow-up (BD-E) (N=22) compared to patients without an episode (BD-NE) (N=25) during follow-up (P=0.002). Stable levels were seen for all other markers in BD-E compared to BD-NE during the one-year follow-up. We found no statistically significant differences between patients with BD and HC at T0 and T3 for Aβ42, Aβ40, Aβ38, Aβ42/38, Aβ42/40, sAPPα, sAPPβ, t-tau, p-tau, p-tau /t-tau, NF-L, NG in CSF and further Aβ40, Aβ42, Aβ42/40, t-tau, NF-L in plasma, S100B in serum, and APOE-status. Furthermore, all 18 biomarkers were stable in HC during the one-year follow-up from T0 to T3.A panel of biomarkers of Alzheimer's and neurodegeneration show no differences between patients with BD and HC. There were abnormalities of amyloid production/clearance during an acute BD episode. The abnormalities mimic the pattern seen in AD namely decreasing CSF Aβ42 and may suggest an association with brain amyloidosis.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Simonsen, Morten, et al.
(author)
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Cruise ship emissions in Norwegian waters : A geographical analysis
- 2019
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In: Journal of Transport Geography. - : Elsevier. - 0966-6923 .- 1873-1236. ; 78, s. 87-97
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cruises are one of the fastest growing and most energy-intense tourism segments, accounting for significant emissions of greenhouse gases, as well as air pollutants such as nitrous oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (PM2.5). International measures to limit the sector's environmental impacts have so far had no significant effects. This highlights the importance of national, regional or port-specific policies, as implemented or in planning by countries such as Norway. In order to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of such policies, it is necessary to better understand emissions. This paper models the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2), NOx and PM2.5 emitted at sea and in port in Norwegian waters. Results show that 81 cruise ships of various sizes sailed Norwegian waters in 2017, consuming 129,798 t of fuel and emitting 0.4 Mt of CO2, as well as 7184 t of NOx and 132 t of PM2.5. About 14.6% of these pollutants are deposited in ports, particularly Bergen, Oslo and Stavanger. Findings also confirm considerable differences in the environmental performance of cruise ships, and can be used to design maritime policies forcing cruise operators to introduce cleaner technologies and to rethink operational practices.
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| 9. |
- Simonsen, Morten, et al.
(author)
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Model for Estimation of Fuel Consumption of Cruise Ships
- 2018
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In: Energies. - : MDPI. - 1996-1073. ; 11:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article presents a model to estimate the energy use and fuel consumption of cruise ships that sail Norwegian waters. Automatic identification system (AIS) data and technical information about cruise ships provided input to the model, including service speed, total power, and number of engines. The model was tested against real-world data obtained from a small cruise vessel and both a medium and large cruise ship. It is sensitive to speed and the corresponding engine load profile of the ship. A crucial determinate for total fuel consumption is also associated with hotel functions, which can make a large contribution to the overall energy use of cruise ships. Real-world data fits the model best when ship speed is 70-75% of service speed. With decreased or increased speed, the model tends to diverge from real-world observations. The model gives a proxy for calculation of fuel consumption associated with cruise ships that sail to Norwegian waters and can be used to estimate greenhouse gas emissions and to evaluate energy reduction strategies for cruise ships.
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| 10. |
- Skjerlie Simonsen, Aleksander, et al.
(author)
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Ionization dynamics beyond the dipole approximation induced by the pulse envelope
- 2016
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In: Physical Review D. - 2469-9926. ; 93:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- When atoms and molecules are ionized by laser pulses of finite duration and increasingly high intensities, the validity of the much-used dipole approximation, in which the spatial dependence and magnetic component of the external field are neglected, eventually breaks down. We report that, when going beyond the dipole approximation for the description of atoms exposed to ultraviolet light, the spatial dependence of the pulse shape, the envelope, provides the dominant correction, while the spatial dependence of the carrier is negligible. We present a first-order beyond-dipole correction to the Hamiltonian which accounts exclusively for nondipole effects stemming from the carrier envelope of the pulse. We demonstrate by ab initio calculations for hydrogen that this approximation, which we refer to as the envelope approximation, reproduces the full interaction beyond the dipole approximation for absolute and differential observables and proves to be valid for a broad range of high-frequency fields. This is done both for the Schrodinger and the Dirac equation. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the envelope approximation provides an interaction-term which gives rise to faster numerical convergence in terms of partial waves compared to its exact counterpart.
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