| 1. |
- Mahajan, Anubha, et al.
(author)
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Multi-ancestry genetic study of type 2 diabetes highlights the power of diverse populations for discovery and translation
- 2022
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In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 54:5, s. 560-572
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We assembled an ancestrally diverse collection of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in 180,834 affected individuals and 1,159,055 controls (48.9% non-European descent) through the Diabetes Meta-Analysis of Trans-Ethnic association studies (DIAMANTE) Consortium. Multi-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis identified 237 loci attaining stringent genome-wide significance (P < 5 x 10(-9)), which were delineated to 338 distinct association signals. Fine-mapping of these signals was enhanced by the increased sample size and expanded population diversity of the multi-ancestry meta-analysis, which localized 54.4% of T2D associations to a single variant with >50% posterior probability. This improved fine-mapping enabled systematic assessment of candidate causal genes and molecular mechanisms through which T2D associations are mediated, laying the foundations for functional investigations. Multi-ancestry genetic risk scores enhanced transferability of T2D prediction across diverse populations. Our study provides a step toward more effective clinical translation of T2D GWAS to improve global health for all, irrespective of genetic background. Genome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in ancestrally diverse populations implicate candidate causal genes and mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes. Trans-ancestry genetic risk scores enhance transferability across populations.
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| 2. |
- Kim, Min Seo, et al.
(author)
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Global burden of peripheral artery disease and its risk factors, 1990-2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2023
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In: The Lancet Global Health. - : Elsevier. - 2214-109X. ; 11:10, s. E1553-E1565
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Peripheral artery disease is a growing public health problem. We aimed to estimate the global disease burden of peripheral artery disease, its risk factors, and temporospatial trends to inform policy and public measures.Methods: Data on peripheral artery disease were modelled using the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 database. Prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality estimates of peripheral artery disease were extracted from GBD 2019. Total DALYs and age-standardised DALY rate of peripheral artery disease attributed to modifiable risk factors were also assessed.Findings: In 2019, the number of people aged 40 years and older with peripheral artery disease was 113 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 99 center dot 2-128 center dot 4), with a global prevalence of 1 center dot 52% (95% UI 1 center dot 33-1 center dot 72), of which 42 center dot 6% was in countries with low to middle Socio-demographic Index (SDI). The global prevalence of peripheral artery disease was higher in older people, (14 center dot 91% [12 center dot 41-17 center dot 87] in those aged 80-84 years), and was generally higher in females than in males. Globally, the total number of DALYs attributable to modifiable risk factors in 2019 accounted for 69 center dot 4% (64 center dot 2-74 center dot 3) of total peripheral artery disease DALYs. The prevalence of peripheral artery disease was highest in countries with high SDI and lowest in countries with low SDI, whereas DALY and mortality rates showed U-shaped curves, with the highest burden in the high and low SDI quintiles.Interpretation: The total number of people with peripheral artery disease has increased globally from 1990 to 2019. Despite the lower prevalence of peripheral artery disease in males and low-income countries, these groups showed similar DALY rates to females and higher-income countries, highlighting disproportionate burden in these groups. Modifiable risk factors were responsible for around 70% of the global peripheral artery disease burden. Public measures could mitigate the burden of peripheral artery disease by modifying risk factors.
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| 3. |
- Abele, H., et al.
(author)
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Particle physics at the European Spallation Source
- 2023
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In: Physics reports. - : Elsevier. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 1023, s. 1-84
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Presently under construction in Lund, Sweden, the European Spallation Source (ESS) will be the world’s brightest neutron source. As such, it has the potential for a particle physics program with a unique reach and which is complementary to that available at other facilities. This paper describes proposed particle physics activities for the ESS. These encompass the exploitation of both the neutrons and neutrinos produced at the ESS for high precision (sensitivity) measurements (searches).
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| 4. |
- Artigas Soler, María, et al.
(author)
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Genome-wide association and large-scale follow up identifies 16 new loci influencing lung function.
- 2011
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In: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 43:11, s. 1082-90
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pulmonary function measures reflect respiratory health and are used in the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We tested genome-wide association with forced expiratory volume in 1 second and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity in 48,201 individuals of European ancestry with follow up of the top associations in up to an additional 46,411 individuals. We identified new regions showing association (combined P < 5 × 10(-8)) with pulmonary function in or near MFAP2, TGFB2, HDAC4, RARB, MECOM (also known as EVI1), SPATA9, ARMC2, NCR3, ZKSCAN3, CDC123, C10orf11, LRP1, CCDC38, MMP15, CFDP1 and KCNE2. Identification of these 16 new loci may provide insight into the molecular mechanisms regulating pulmonary function and into molecular targets for future therapy to alleviate reduced lung function.
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| 5. |
- Baresel, Christian, et al.
(author)
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Ny teknik för mätning av växthusgaser vid avloppsreningsverk : Vid behandling av kallt avloppsvatten och vid avsaknad av kväverening
- 2024
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Utsläpp av lustgas (N2O) utgör en betydande andel av klimatpåverkan från avloppsreningsverk (ARV). Medan de genomsnittliga utsläppen av lustgas från avloppsreningsverk med kväverening bedöms generellt ligga på ca 1,6 % av inkommande kväve förväntas inga lustgasemissioner i avloppsreningsverk utan kväverenande aktivitet. Detta eftersom lustgas bildas via processer som alla ingår i den biologiska kväveavskiljningen i avloppsvattenreningen. Dock kan det förekomma spontan och okontrollerad nitrifikation som kan leda till mycket höga lustgasutsläpp. Relativt ringa lustgasemissioner kan vara betydande för avloppsreningsverkens klimatavtryck eftersom lustgas är en mycket kraftig växthusgas, ca 273 gånger kraftigare än koldioxid. Trots den ökande kunskapen om lustgasutsläppens betydelse i avloppsreningsverkens klimatarbete utförs det fortfarande relativt få mätningar av lustgasutsläpp vid svenska ARV. Detta gör att det finns flera kunskapsluckor om och förståelse för lustgasutsläpp för att aktivt kunna vidta åtgärder för att minska dessa utsläpp. En anledning till att få mätningar genomförs är att det i dag inte finns krav på sådana mätningar och inte heller enkla metoder för lustgasmätning tillgängliga för VA-aktörer. Projektet har därför syftat till att öka kunskapen om lustgasutsläpp från avloppsrening i kallt klimat, med eller utan kontrollerad nitrifikation. Kallt klimat refererar till avloppsvatten som har minimitemperaturer ner till 4–5 grader. I samarbete med teknikleverantörer har dessutom nya lustgassensorer, anpassat för mätningar vid avloppsreningsverk, testats. För att kunna genomföra projektet med tilldelade medel och för att åstadkomma synergieffekter kopplades projektet till ett pågående pilotprojekt för kväverening i kall klimat vid Fillan avloppsreningsverk i Sundsvall, som även SVU medverkar i. Lustgasmätningar vid Fillan ARV som representerar en biologisk reningsprocess i kallt klimat utan kväverening är som förväntat låga. De uppmätta emissionerna uppgick till ca 0,17 % N2O-N/TN trots att en spontan och okontrollerad nitrifikation inte kunde observeras. Även om lustgasemissioner är låga så visar emissionsberäkningar att lustgasavgången ändå inte är försumbar och utgör ett avsevärt bidrag till klimatpåverkan. Lustgasmätningar i pilotanläggningen som representerar biologiska reningsprocesser med kväverening i kallt klimat indikerar att emissionerna kan antas vara i samma storleksordning eller högre som vid avloppsreningsverk med kväverening som inte har ett kallt inkommande avloppsvatten som regel. Ingen signifikant skillnad i lustgasemissioner kunde observeras mellan pilotens två linjer, varav den ena linjen värmdes med +4 °C mot referenslinjen. Utvärdering av de två nya sensorer från Unisense och Senseair har visat en mycket bra överensstämmelse mellan kalibrerade sensordata och referensmätningarna. Båda sensorer har därför en potential att användas för en kontinuerlig mätning av lustgas i gasfas ifall en kommersiell produktutveckling sker. Resultaten från kalibreringen indikerar dock vikten av en regelbunden kalibrering av sensorerna för att säkerställa korrekta mätningar, så som för sensorer i allmänhet. Kalibreringsmetoden som tillämpades inom projektet bedöms som rimlig men är inte den mest robusta eller noggranna metoden för en fullskaleimplementering.Även utifrån andra implementeringsaspekter framstår de två testade sensorerna som ett tänkbart alternativ till andra mättekniker. Dock är dessa sensorer ännu inte kommersiellt tillgängliga och kompletterande långtidstester av sensorerna bör genomföras för en utvärdering som även kan ta hänsyn till aspekter relaterat till mätstabilitet och underhållsbehov vid långtidsdrift. En annan aspekt som projektet vill lyfta fram är vikten av att korrekta luftflödesmätningar utförs samtidigt som haltmätningarna. Endast en bra haltmätning i kombination med en korrekt luftflödesmätning vid mätpunkten kan ge ett korrekt underlag för emissionsberäkningar. Tyvärr kan det konstateras att enkla, robusta och ekonomiskt överkomliga sensorer för kontinuerlig luftflödesmätning inte finns idag och att det krävs en teknikutveckling även inom detta område.
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| 6. |
- El Omari, Kamel, et al.
(author)
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Experimental phasing opportunities for macromolecular crystallography at very long wavelengths
- 2023
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In: Communications Chemistry. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2399-3669. ; 6:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Despite recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy and artificial intelligence-based model predictions, a significant fraction of structure determinations by macromolecular crystallography still requires experimental phasing, usually by means of single-wavelength anomalous diffraction (SAD) techniques. Most synchrotron beamlines provide highly brilliant beams of X-rays of between 0.7 and 2 Å wavelength. Use of longer wavelengths to access the absorption edges of biologically important lighter atoms such as calcium, potassium, chlorine, sulfur and phosphorus for native-SAD phasing is attractive but technically highly challenging. The long-wavelength beamline I23 at Diamond Light Source overcomes these limitations and extends the accessible wavelength range to λ = 5.9 Å. Here we report 22 macromolecular structures solved in this extended wavelength range, using anomalous scattering from a range of elements which demonstrate the routine feasibility of lighter atom phasing. We suggest that, in light of its advantages, long-wavelength crystallography is a compelling option for experimental phasing.
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| 7. |
- Feigin, Valery L., et al.
(author)
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Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990–2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
- 2019
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In: Lancet Neurology. - : Elsevier. - 1474-4422 .- 1474-4465. ; 18:5, s. 459-480
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Neurological disorders are increasingly recognised as major causes of death and disability worldwide. The aim of this analysis from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 is to provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date estimates of the global, regional, and national burden from neurological disorders.Methods: We estimated prevalence, incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]) by age and sex for 15 neurological disorder categories (tetanus, meningitis, encephalitis, stroke, brain and other CNS cancers, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron diseases, idiopathic epilepsy, migraine, tension-type headache, and a residual category for other less common neurological disorders) in 195 countries from 1990 to 2016. DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, was the main method of estimation of prevalence and incidence, and the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) was used for mortality estimation. We quantified the contribution of 84 risks and combinations of risk to the disease estimates for the 15 neurological disorder categories using the GBD comparative risk assessment approach.Findings: Globally, in 2016, neurological disorders were the leading cause of DALYs (276 million [95% UI 247–308]) and second leading cause of deaths (9·0 million [8·8–9·4]). The absolute number of deaths and DALYs from all neurological disorders combined increased (deaths by 39% [34–44] and DALYs by 15% [9–21]) whereas their age-standardised rates decreased (deaths by 28% [26–30] and DALYs by 27% [24–31]) between 1990 and 2016. The only neurological disorders that had a decrease in rates and absolute numbers of deaths and DALYs were tetanus, meningitis, and encephalitis. The four largest contributors of neurological DALYs were stroke (42·2% [38·6–46·1]), migraine (16·3% [11·7–20·8]), Alzheimer's and other dementias (10·4% [9·0–12·1]), and meningitis (7·9% [6·6–10·4]). For the combined neurological disorders, age-standardised DALY rates were significantly higher in males than in females (male-to-female ratio 1·12 [1·05–1·20]), but migraine, multiple sclerosis, and tension-type headache were more common and caused more burden in females, with male-to-female ratios of less than 0·7. The 84 risks quantified in GBD explain less than 10% of neurological disorder DALY burdens, except stroke, for which 88·8% (86·5–90·9) of DALYs are attributable to risk factors, and to a lesser extent Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (22·3% [11·8–35·1] of DALYs are risk attributable) and idiopathic epilepsy (14·1% [10·8–17·5] of DALYs are risk attributable).Interpretation: Globally, the burden of neurological disorders, as measured by the absolute number of DALYs, continues to increase. As populations are growing and ageing, and the prevalence of major disabling neurological disorders steeply increases with age, governments will face increasing demand for treatment, rehabilitation, and support services for neurological disorders. The scarcity of established modifiable risks for most of the neurological burden demonstrates that new knowledge is required to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies.Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Hesami, Sara, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Amplitude Varying Phased Array Linearization
- 2021
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In: 2020 50th European Microwave Conference, EuMC 2020. ; , s. 348-351
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A new optimization technique for amplitude-varying phased array digital predistortion (DPD) is presented. The new technique improves the linearization compared to the conventional phased array DPD techniques as the amplitude variation increases across the array. The measurement results indicate that linearization can change the adjacent channel power (ACP) pattern leading to increased ACP in the sidelobes. This sheds light on the trade-off between the main beam and side-lobes levels in the ACP pattern under different DPD techniques. We evaluate total radiated ACP or integrated ACP (IACP) and peak of ACP (PACP). We show that slight amplitude variation improves the IACP and PACP. However, as the amplitude variation increases, IACP of phased array with DPD is worsened compared to phased array without DPD.
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| 10. |
- Hesami, Sara, et al.
(author)
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Intra-Array Coupling Estimation for MIMO Transceivers Utilizing Blind Over-The-Air Measurements
- 2019
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In: IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest. - : IEEE. - 0149-645X. ; 2019-June, s. 468-471
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A new technique for the estimation of coupling between array elements in MIMO transceivers is presented. The estimation method is founded on subsequent transmission and over-the-air (OTA) reception between the array elements, when the transmitter's characteristics are unknown. The method enables accurate on-line characterization of the behavior of the array in terms of coupling for a complete system with PAs and antennas connected. The method is validated via OTA measurements on a four-element array in a MIMO transmitter configuration. The results demonstrate that the estimated couplings with the proposed technique are similar to the ones obtained from S-parameter measurements with deviations reflecting the operation with antennas and PAs connected. The proposed intra-array coupling estimation facilitates practical OTA measurement-based modeling and linearization of MIMO transmitters.
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