| 1. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(author)
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- 2011
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swepub:Mat__t (peer-reviewed)
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| 2. |
- Early, Murray, et al.
(author)
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A Simple Build-Up Method for the DC Voltage Scale of Source
- 2013
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In: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. ; 62:6, s. 1600-1607
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report on the performance of a simple method, known as the reference step method, to build up the dc voltage scale of a source. The key advantages of this method are that it relies on equipment that is readily available in most high-level laboratories and can be fully automated. The Type A uncertainties achieved by this approach can be less than 0.1 μV/V. This performance is achieved because of the excellent differential linearity of the DVM used in the method. We have validated the overall accuracy of the method by directly comparing this approach with more traditional resistive divider techniques and have established that the expanded uncertainty is better than 0.2 μV/V up to 1000 V, limited only by the performance of the instruments used.
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| 3. |
- Kohlmann, Johannes, et al.
(author)
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A quantum standard for sampled electrical measurements-Main goals and first results of the EMRP project Q-WAVE
- 2014
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In: 29th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements, CPEM 2014. ; , s. 522-523
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Josephson voltage standards are well established for use at dc and low-frequency ac voltages. The increasing demand i) to provide traceability for arbitrary waveforms, ii) to extend the range of use to higher frequencies, and iii) to improve the accuracy is being addressed in the project Q-WAVE, which is jointly funded by the European Union and the participating countries within the European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP). Here, sampling measurements and procedures using binary-divided 1 V and 10 V arrays are investigated. In addition, a quantum-based analogue-to-digital converter for direct measurements of arbitrary waveforms is under development. It will contain several Josephson arrays in series biased by a pulse drive based on opto-electronics, in order to increase the output voltage.
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| 4. |
- Mašláň, Stanislav, et al.
(author)
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Four Terminal Pair Digital Sampling Impedance Bridge up to 1 MHz
- 2019
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In: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. - 0018-9456 .- 1557-9662. ; 68:6, s. 1860-1869
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper describes a new four terminal pair digital sampling impedance bridge designed for frequency range up to 1MHz and small impedances, such as shunts. The bridge is capable of comparing impedance standards of arbitrary ratios in a full complex plane from approximately 100 kΩ down to 50mΩ, limited by maximum achievable current 3 A. To keep low uncertainties a new multiplexer was designed and a very simple and fully automated linearity correction method based on the pair of calculable resistors was developed and validated. The paper describes the design and details of the bridge topology, basic uncertainty budget and first results of the validation. The expanded uncertainty of impedance module is about 50 μΩ/Ω at 1MHz for impedance ratios up to 1:16 and voltage drops above 10mV and the expanded uncertainty of a phase angle was about 360 μrad/MHz. Expanded uncertainty for frequency 100 kHz about 10 μΩ/Ω was reached. Typical expanded uncertainty for low impedance ratios below 1:1.1 is only 35 μΩ/Ω. Set of measurement of impedance standards of known values and a small international comparison of ac-dc and phase angle errors of current shunts were carried out to validate the bridge capabilities in wide range of impedances. The validation measurements showed the deviations of the bridge are below 35 μΩ/Ω and below 350 μrad at 1 MHz.
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| 5. |
- Runeson, Per, et al.
(author)
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A Conceptual Framework and Recommendations for Open Data and Artifacts in Empirical Software Engineering
- 2024
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In: 1st International Workshop on Methodological Issues with Empirical Studies in Software Engineering. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM).
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Open science aims to improve research accessibility, replicability, and consequently its quality. Empirical software engineering entails both data and artifacts, which may be shared more or less openly, to support transparency. However, the trade-offs involved in balancing the openness against integrity and secrecy concerns need methodological guidance. Aim. We aim to derive such advice, based on our own experiences from a research project, in the field of gaze-assisted code reviews – the Gander case. Method. We draw on literature about open data and artifacts in socio-technical research. Next, we describe our case project and derive a conceptual framework of steps in research data analysis and artifact development, using our data and artifacts as illustrating examples. Results. The conceptual framework contains 1) a categorization of humans involved as participants and their concerns, 2) four steps for data analysis, each resulting in corresponding data and meta-data, and 3) three steps of artifact distribution, matching different levels of openness. We derive a preliminary set of recommendations for open science practices for data and artifacts. Conclusion. The conceptual framework has proven useful in summarizing and discussing data and artifacts in the studied case project. We envision that the framework and recommendations will provide a foundation for further advancement of open science research practices in empirical, socio-technical software engineering.
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