| 1. |
- Drottz-Sjöberg, Britt-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge and risk perception among nuclear power plant employees
- 1991
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Ingår i: Risk Analysis. - : Wiley: 24 months. - 1539-6924 .- 0272-4332. ; 11:4, s. 607-618
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This is a study of knowledge, risk perception, and attitudes among nuclear power plant employees. A total of 236 persons participated, belonging to 10 different professional groups and working at two Swedish power plants. Job-related radiation risks were judged about average as compared to a number of other risks. On the whole, the participants in the study were satisfied with the measures of safety at work, but there were some exceptions to this rule, especially among those hired for temporary jobs through external contractors. The experience of job-related radiation risks was related to the level of knowledge about radiation and its risks: those who knew less experienced larger risks. General level of anxiety did not correlate with risk perception. The latter was accounted for mainly by perceived radiation risks. Job satisfaction was more strongly related to perceived conventional job risks than to nuclear risks. Risk ratings were related to how subjects defined the concept of risk. Those who stressed consequences as part of their risk definition gave higher risk ratings.
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| 2. |
- Drottz-Sjöberg, Britt-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Psychological reactions to cancer risks after the Chernobyl accident
- 1987
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Ingår i: Medical Oncology. - : Humana Press. - 1559-131X .- 1357-0560. ; 4:3-4, s. 259-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is a report on an investigation of people's reactions to the Chernobyl accident. Interviews and, mail surveys were conducted in July-September 1986 with pregnant women, parents of newborn children, farmers, adolescents and men who were not parents, in various areas of Sweden, differing as to the amount of Chernobyl fallout they had received. The accident had probably doubled the number of people who were negative to nuclear power in the most affected area. Radiation risks were highly salient in most groups. Areas differed in the expected direction, people in the more, exposed areas being more concerned. Women were more worried and more negative to nuclear power than men while adolescents appeared to be the group least affected by the accident. Farmers were also strongly opposed to nuclear power and concerned about its risks. Nuclear attitude could be well accounted for by attitude statements and rated basic life values. It was quite stable over a 1 month period.
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| 3. |
- Drottz-Sjöberg, Britt-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Risk perception and worries after the Chernobyl accident
- 1990
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Psychology. - : Elsevier. - 0272-4944. ; 10:2, s. 135-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is a study of reactions in selected groups of the Swedish population to the Chernobyl accident. Data were collected in September 1986, from 3 regions in the country which had been exposed in various degrees to radioactive fallout. In each region samples of farmers, adolescents, persons who had had a child just before or after the accident, and men who were not registered as legal custodians of children, were approached with a mail questionnaire. It was found that attitudes to nuclear power were predominantly negative, that the risks associated with radiation and nuclear power were rated among the worst risks, and that residents of the most exposed region (Gavle) reported being worried about injury from radiation twice as often as others. A sub-group of decisive opponents of nuclear power was identified. It was 15 times larger than the corresponding sub-group of decisive proponents. New parents and farmers were quite negative to nuclear power, a finding discussed in relation to their responsibilities for food production and care for others.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Sjöberg, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescents' attitudes to nuclear power and radioactive wastes
- 1991
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Social Psychology. - : Wiley: 12 months. - 1559-1816 .- 0021-9029. ; 21:24, s. 2007-2036
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High school students (N = 380) reported their attitude to nuclear power and rated various risks: nuclear and non-nuclear, personal and societal. The focus of the study concerned risks related to handling and disposal of radioactive waste. It was found that conventional personal risks obtained lower risk ratings than risks to society and risks related to accidents in the handling and disposal of radioactive waste. In general, items which made reference to radiation were rated higher than items which did not mention this aspect. Female students most often rated risk higher than did male students. Persons worried about nuclear power emphasized risks of accidents and waste disposal as problems, whereas those who did not worry trusted those in charge and saw nuclear power as quite safe, stressing its basis in advanced technological knowledge and skill, Students specializing in economics or technology were the least concerned about nuclear power risks and had the most positive attitudes to nuclear power. The results of the study are discussed in relation to risk perception discrepancies of experts and the public. We suggest that future experts will be recruited from groups that have, already in adolescence, established beliefs about nuclear technology risks that are lower than those of other groups. Compared to a national sample dominated by adults, the adolescents, especially boys, held more positive attitudes to nuclear power and rated risks of nuclear technology lower than adults.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Martin E, et al.
(författare)
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Structural and mutational studies of the carboxylate cluster in iron-free ribonucleotide reductase R2.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Biochemistry. - 0006-2960. ; 43:24, s. 7966-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The R2 protein of ribonucleotide reductase features a di-iron site deeply buried in the protein interior. The apo form of the R2 protein has an unusual clustering of carboxylate side chains at the empty metal-binding site. In a previous study, it was found that the loss of the four positive charge equivalents of the diferrous site in the apo protein appeared to be compensated for by the protonation of two histidine and two carboxylate side chains. We have studied the consequences of removing and introducing charged residues on the local hydrogen-bonding pattern in the region of the carboxylate cluster of Corynebacterium ammoniagenes and Escherichia coli protein R2 using site-directed mutagenesis and X-ray crystallography. The structures of the metal-free forms of wild-type C. ammoniagenes R2 and the mutant E. coli proteins D84N, S114D, E115A, H118A, and E238A have been determined and their hydrogen bonding and protonation states have been structurally assigned as far as possible. Significant alterations to the hydrogen-bonding patterns, protonation states, and hydration is observed for all mutant E. coli apo proteins as compared to wild-type apo R2. Further structural variations are revealed by the wild-type apo C. ammoniagenes R2 structure. The protonation and hydration effects seen in the carboxylate cluster appear to be due to two major factors: conservation of the overall charge of the site and the requirement of electrostatic shielding of clustered carboxylate residues. Very short hydrogen-bonding distances between some protonated carboxylate pairs are indicative of low-barrier hydrogen bonding.
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| 9. |
- Aurelius, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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The Crystal Structure of Thermotoga maritima Class III Ribonucleotide Reductase Lacks a Radical Cysteine Pre-Positioned in the Active Site
- 2015
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) catalyze the reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides, the building blocks for DNA synthesis, and are found in all but a few organisms. RNRs use radical chemistry to catalyze the reduction reaction. Despite RNR having evolved several mechanisms for generation of different kinds of essential radicals across a large evolutionary time frame, this initial radical is normally always channelled to a strictly conserved cysteine residue directly adjacent to the substrate for initiation of substrate reduction, and this cysteine has been found in the structures of all RNRs solved to date. We present the crystal structure of an anaerobic RNR from the extreme thermophile Thermotoga maritima (tmNrdD), alone and in several complexes, including with the allosteric effector dATP and its cognate substrate CTP. In the crystal structure of the enzyme as purified, tmNrdD lacks a cysteine for radical transfer to the substrate pre-positioned in the active site. Nevertheless activity assays using anaerobic cell extracts from T. maritima demonstrate that the class III RNR is enzymatically active. Other genetic and microbiological evidence is summarized indicating that the enzyme is important for T. maritima. Mutation of either of two cysteine residues in a disordered loop far from the active site results in inactive enzyme. We discuss the possible mechanisms for radical initiation of substrate reduction given the collected evidence from the crystal structure, our activity assays and other published work. Taken together, the results suggest either that initiation of substrate reduction may involve unprecedented conformational changes in the enzyme to bring one of these cysteine residues to the expected position, or that alternative routes for initiation of the RNR reduction reaction may exist. Finally, we present a phylogenetic analysis showing that the structure of tmNrdD is representative of a new RNR subclass IIIh, present in all Thermotoga species plus a wider group of bacteria from the distantly related phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria.
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| 10. |
- Berggren, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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Compounds with capacity to quench the tyrosyl radical in Pseudomonas aeruginosa ribonucleotide reductase
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0949-8257 .- 1432-1327. ; 24:6, s. 841-848
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) has been extensively probed as a target enzyme in the search for selective antibiotics. Here we report on the mechanism of inhibition of nine compounds, serving as representative examples of three different inhibitor classes previously identified by us to efficiently inhibit RNR. The interaction between the inhibitors and Pseudomonas aeruginosa RNR was elucidated using a combination of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and thermal shift analysis. All nine inhibitors were found to efficiently quench the tyrosyl radical present in RNR, required for catalysis. Three different mechanisms of radical quenching were identified, and shown to depend on reduction potential of the assay solution and quaternary structure of the protein complex. These results form a good foundation for further development of P. aeruginosa selective antibiotics. Moreover, this study underscores the complex nature of RNR inhibition and the need for detailed spectroscopic studies to unravel the mechanism of RNR inhibitors.
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