| 1. |
- Sjöberg, Johanna, 1976-, et al.
(author)
-
Childcare for Sale : Mapping Private Institutions in Sweden 1900–1975
- 2021
-
In: Journal of the History of Childhood and Youth. - : Johns Hopkins University Press. - 1939-6724 .- 1941-3599. ; 14:1, s. 113-132
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Private providers and commercial profit are features of today's Swedish welfare society, but the market was already an arena for the production, distribution, and consumption of such services by the early twentieth century. One of the private-sector institutions offering well-to-do parents residential care for their children during restricted periods was the Barnpensionat (children's boarding houses or child hotels). Since these institutions have not been previously studied, the extent and organization of such establishments are unknown. Through analyses of digitalized newspaper material, including advertisements, this article maps the existence and function of barnpensionat in Sweden during the period 1900–1975.
|
|
| 2. |
- Sjöberg, Johanna, 1976-, et al.
(author)
-
De svenska barnpensionatens korta historia
- 2022
-
In: Vägval i skolans historia. - : FÖRENINGEN SVENSK UNDERVISNINGSHISTORIA. - 2002-0147. ; :3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Innan den kommunala dagbarnvården etablerades i Sverige provades en mängd olika institutionaliserade barnpassningsalternativ. Parallellt med verksamheter som barnkrubbor och barnträdgårdar som erbjöd halv- och heldagspassning fanns då en mer okänd variant. Det var barnpensionat, vilka erbjöd en flexibel typ av passning där barnen mot betalning kunde inackorderas i helpension under så lång tid som föräldrarna önskade.
|
|
| 3. |
- Sjöberg, Johanna, 1976-, et al.
(author)
-
Selling Anonymity: The Market for Secrecy Around Illegitimate Births
- 2022
-
In: Journal of Family History. - : Sage Publications. - 0363-1990 .- 1552-5473. ; 47:3, s. 261-277
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Giving birth out of wedlock was associated for centuries with shame, economic burden, and secrecy. Unmarried pregnant women could escape stigma by travelling away from home and purchasing a confinement elsewhere. They could hide there when the pregnancy started to show, give birth, have their children adopted or sent to foster care, and then return home. This article explores the social economy of this stigma by investigating the market for anonymous births in Sweden through newspaper advertisements addressing unmarried pregnant women during the period 1905-1935. It shows that unmarried pregnant women risked exploitation when entering this market, in which private midwives, private maternity homes and individuals offering accommodation and employment were all operating.
|
|
| 4. |
- Sköld, Johanna, 1976-
(author)
-
"Obemärkt dam får god vård" : Annonsmarknaden för ogifta gravida kvinnor
- 2021
-
In: Arbetarhistoria. - Huddinge, Sweden : Arbetarrörelsens Arkiv och Bibliotek. - 0281-7446. ; 179-180:2-4, s. 42-53
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- At the beginning of the 20th century, pregnancy outside wedlock was associated with shame. This study discusses how this shame resulted in social and economic costs which, in turn, created demand and supply of various services advertised in the daily press 1905—35. A supply of discreet services arose to assust unmarried pregnant women, who were at rik of losing social status and wished to keep their condition and baby secret. Such services included accommodation to which they could withdraw before delivery, discreet maternity care and privately organized foster care and adoption. But many unmarried women also faced economic vulnerability due to pregnancy as they risked losing their employment and housing. Temporary positions and accommodation were also advertised to them through the market. Without money, desperate to solve their situation, these women seem to have constituted a sought-after low paid labor force, generating an exchange economy where it was not obvious who requested a service from whom, who was the buyer and who was the seller.
|
|
| 5. |
- Gustafsson, Johanna, 1985-, et al.
(author)
-
Utvärdering av gemensam familjehemsorganisation
- 2021
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Det här är den första utvärderingen av Gemensam familjehemsorganisation (GFO) sedan organisationen gick in verkställighetsfas i juli 2019. Syftet med utvärderingen är att utvärdera GFO:s verksamhet fram till och med 2020 genom ett fokus på GFO som organisation, måluppfyllnad, samverkan med kommunerna samt kommunernas förutsättningar att ta ansvar för sin del av måluppfyllnaden. För utvärderingen har familjehem, jourhem samt medarbetare och chefer på GFO och i kommunerna intervjuats. Resultaten från intervjuerna presenteras utifrån GFO:s och kommunernas ansvarsområden; samverkan, rekrytering, kartläggning och matchning, utbildning och stöd. Resultaten synliggör både framgångar och utmaningar i verksamheten och visar att GFO uppfyller 4 av 7 verksamhets- och effektmål. Den avslutande diskussionen fokuserar på konkreta förslag att arbeta vidare med; att skapa tydlighet i verksamheten vad gäller gränsdragningar kring GFO:s uppdrag och kommunernas vardagliga stöd till familjehemmen, att tydliggöra kommunikationskedjor och kommunikativa roller samt att i högre grad acceptera och beakta kommunernas varierande förutsättningar i det fortsatta strategiska och långsiktiga arbetet.
|
|
| 6. |
- Sandin, Bengt, 1949-, et al.
(author)
-
Var går gränsen för statens ansvar? : Upprättelseprocessen för dem som vanvårdats i samhällsvård ur ett historiskt perspektiv på normalitet, aga och barns rättigheter
- 2022
-
In: Statsvetenskaplig Tidskrift. - Lund : Fahlbeckska Stiftelsen. - 0039-0747. ; :2, s. 349-377
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this article, we study the legislative processes that formed the basis for how the state’s role and responsibility to protect and represent children was formulated dur-ing the 20th century based on legislative initiatives against corporal punishment. This is the backdrop for an analysis of the scheme to compensate adults that have claimed that they as children had been abused in the care of the state. As a basis for our ana-lyzes, we have used laws and statutes, ordinances, and preparatory works in family and criminal law as well as school and social law. In the process that led up to the com-pensation scheme a choice was made; child abuse in the past would not be defined according to the norms set by past legislation and government ordinances to protect children from abuse, but in relation to what was believed to be common child-rearing practices. The focus shifted to current understandings of what was normal in the past as well as to how similar abuse would be treated in legal practice in current tort cases disregarding the explicit stands taken by past governments to protect children in care. The opportunity for reconciliation decreased with this development
|
|
| 7. |
- Schiratzki, Johanna, 1963-, et al.
(author)
-
Redress in Context : The Swedish Redress Scheme forhistorical abuse of children incare – re-introducing inquisitorial procedure?
- 2019
-
In: Nordisk socialrättslig tidskrift. - Stockholm : Juridiska fakulteten, Stockholms universitet. - 2000-6500. ; :21-22, s. 97-118
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Lag (2012:663) om ersättning på grund av övergrepp eller försummelser i samhällsvården av barn och unga i vissa fall tillkom för att ge ekonomisk ersättning till den som i samband med vården utsatts för övergrepp eller försummelser av allvarlig art när personen varit omhändertagen för samhällsvård, under tidsperioden den 1 januari 1920 till och med den 31 december 1980. En särskild nämnd, Ersättningsnämnden, inrättades för att under åren 2013–2016 pröva om en sökande var berättigad till schablonbeloppet om 250 000 kr. Den svenska processen har väckt uppmärksamhet bl.a. p.g.a. den stora andelen avslag och de komplexa kriterierna för ersättning. I artikeln presenteras resultaten från ett tvärvetenskapligt historiskt-rättsvetenskapligt forskningsprojekt: Gränserför upprättelse: välfärdsstatens historiska ansvar i upprättelseprocesser riktade till offer för vanvård i fosterhem och barnhem. I fokus är glappet mellan den politiska avsikten, att skapa ett rättssäkert system för en generös ersättning, och utfallet av den rättsliga processen, som innebar att majoriteten av de sökande nekades ersättning. Förklaringen, menar författarna, står åtminstone delvisatt finna i en sammanblandning av olika processformer och rättsprinciper. Detta kan relateras till en ojämn ansvarsfördelning mellan lagfarna ledamötermed expertis från allmän domstol respektive allmän förvaltningsdomstol.Framställningen tar avstamp i socialrättsligt reglerade förhållanden och spänner sedan över skadeståndsrätt, förvaltningsrätt, processrätt, barnrätt och mänskligarättigheter.
|
|
| 8. |
- Sköld, Johanna, 1976-, et al.
(author)
-
Conflicting or complementing narratives? : Interviewees' stories compared to their documentary records in the Swedish commission to inquire into child abuse and negelct in institutions and foster homes
- 2012
-
In: Archives and Manuscripts. - : Australian Society of Archivists. - 0157-6895 .- 2164-6058. ; 40:1, s. 15-28
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Swedish Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse and Neglect in Institutions and Foster Homes has interviewed 866 people who claim that they were subjected to neglect and abuse during their time in municipal or state care in Sweden. The inquiry has also examined many of the interviewees’ documentary records. This article is based on the interviews and documentary records for 140 individuals and raises questions about the possibilities of corroborating stories of abuse and neglect through documentary records. In this study we found that the interviewees and the records told similar stories about where the interviewee resided during care and the duration of placements. However, in details the sources represented different perspectives on the same individual’s history. Important aspects to take into consideration are that case files seldom reveal anything about abuse and neglect, and the tendency of authorities to make only cautious descriptions of suspected abuse. The study also highlights the differences between practices of recordkeeping which mean that some individuals can read extensive case files about themselves while other peoples’ care histories have left barely any trace in the archives. In this article, these findings are used to question expectations about the possibility of establishing one ‘truth’ of abuse in an individual case by collecting ‘evidence’ from several sources.
|
|
| 9. |
- Sköld, Johanna, 1976-, et al.
(author)
-
Historical justice through redress schemes? : The practice of interpreting the law and physical child abuse in Sweden
- 2020
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of History. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0346-8755 .- 1502-7716. ; 45:2, s. 178-201
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Swedish redress scheme intended for victims of historical child abuse in out-of-home care compensated only 46% of claimants who sought economic compensation for past harms. This article explores the reasons behind this comparatively low validation rate by investigating a) how the eligibility criteria of the Redress Act were evaluated by the Redress Board; and b) the justifications and underlying values used when applications were rejected with reference to the fact that reported abuse was not deemed to be sufficiently severe according to past standards. Victim capital, which determines how vulnerable or credible a victim is perceived to be by others, as well as competence and narration, are essential aspects for this type of legal proceeding. The article demonstrates that the claimants had to traverse a complicated web of criteria to be awarded compensation. The outcomes for claimants were affected by how the past was conceptualized in this legal setting, what competences the victims themselves possessed, what competence and resources the administrative system offered, and the extent to which the decision-making process fragmented victims’ narratives.
|
|
| 10. |
- Sköld, Johanna, 1976-, et al.
(author)
-
När välfärdssamhället gör fel : De vanvårdade och upprättelsens gränser
- 2021
-
In: Arbetarhistoria. - Huddinge, Sweden : Arbetarrörelsens arkiv och bibliotek. - 0281-7446. ; 179-180:3-4, s. 92-101
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This article addresses the Swedish state’s process to provide redress for historical abuse in out-of-home care. The aim is to illuminate how the current state’s responsibility for past child abuse is negotiated in such processes. In Sweden, a temporary financial redress scheme was in effect 2013-16, which compensated fewer than every second applicant. The article demonstrates that the political ambition to recognize symbolically and acknowledge the victims’ suffering and the past society's betrayal of them resulted in unintended consequences when translated into a legal bureaucratic process. The logic of a court assessment is based not on recognition but on establishing legal liability. In the end, redress came to focus on what the state could be deemed responsible for in the past and how modern legal principles could be harmonized with a compensation scheme designed to compensate those for wrongdoings which cannot be redressed by current tort law.
|
|
