| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Lind, L, et al.
(author)
-
Serum calcium : a new, independent, prospective risk factor for myocardial infarction in middle-aged men followed for 18 years.
- 1997
-
In: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0895-4356 .- 1878-5921. ; 50:8, s. 967-73
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is a disease characterized by hypercalcemia, and associated with an increased mortality in cardiovascular diseases. However, serum calcium levels within the normal range have not been evaluated as a prospective cardiovascular risk factor.METHODS: A cohort of males aged 50 (n = 2183) were investigated in 1970-1973 for serum calcium and known cardiovascular risk factors. They were then followed up over the next 18 years.RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 180 subjects experienced a myocardial infarction (MI). The serum calcium levels were significantly elevated at the baseline (2.37 +/- 0.09 SD versus 2.35 +/- 0.09 mmol/l, p < 0.03) in the subjects who developed a MI when compared with the rest of the cohort. Also blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), fasting insulin, serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, and the atherogenic index were significantly elevated in the MI group (p < 0.01), while HDL-cholesterol was lower at the baseline investigation (p < 0.01). Cox's proportional hazard analysis showed that only serum calcium (p < 0.01), BMI (p < 0.0003), diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.0009), and the atherogenic index (p < 0.002) were significantly independent risk factors for MI. The range of serum calcium levels from the mean value, -2 SDs to the mean value +2 SDs corresponds to a variation in estimated risk for MI ranging from 0.06 to 0.15.CONCLUSIONS: Serum calcium was found to be an independent, prospective risk factor for MI in middle-aged males suggesting a role for extracellular calcium levels in the atherosclerotic process.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Vessby, B, et al.
(author)
-
The risk to develop NIDDM is related to the fatty acid composition of the serum cholesterol esters.
- 1994
-
In: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 43:11, s. 1353-7
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This investigation was undertaken to study whether the risk to develop non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) among 50-year-old men during a 10-year follow-up period was related to the fatty acid composition of their serum cholesterol esters. There were highly significant differences in the initial health survey between the fatty acid composition in serum in subjects who remained normoglycemic (n = 1,753) and in those who later developed NIDDM (n = 75). The main differences were that the latter had higher proportions of saturated fatty acids and palmitoleic acid (16:1 omega-7), a low proportion of linoleic acid (18:2 omega-6), and a relatively high content of gamma-linolenic (18:3 omega-6) and dihomo-gamma-linolenic (20:3 omega-6) acids in the serum cholesterol esters. The picture was similar also after adjusting for differences in body mass index. In a logistic model, a high proportion of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid remained a significant contributor to the development of diabetes, along with the height of the insulin index, the blood glucose concentration at 60 min, and the fasting insulin concentration. The increased risk to develop NIDDM related to the serum cholesterol ester fatty acid composition may be mediated by diet and/or genetic factors.
|
|
