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- Berg, K, et al.
(author)
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Iodinated radiographic contrast media possess antioxidant properties in vitro
- 2005
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In: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 46:8, s. 815-822
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: To study potential properties of iodinated radiographic contrast media (IRCM) for intravascular use in in vitro free radical generating reactions. Material and Methods: Superoxide (center dot O-2(-)) and hydroxyl ((OH)-O-center dot) radicals were generated in xanthine oxidase and Fenton reactions. center dot O-2(-) was assayed by the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) method, whereas (OH)-O-center dot was assayed by an aromatic hydroxylation (2-hydroxybenzoic acid) method. Total antioxidant status (TAS) of test substances was determined by a colorimetric assay. Finally, acetyl-cholinesterase (AChE) activity was measured in the absence and presence of IRCM. Results: High concentrations (greater than50 mM) of IRCM inhibited center dot O-2(-) production, ionic more than non-ionic IRCM. Medium concentrations (25-50 mM) of IRCM reduced (OH)-O-center dot production, and both types of IRCM were equally potent. Low concentrations (less than25 mM) of non-ionic IRCM displayed higher antioxidant capacity than their ionic counterparts when tested in the TAS assay. Visipaque 320 (iodixanol) was found to have the highest TAS value, followed by Omnipaque 350(R) (iohexol), Hexabrix 320(R) (ioxaglate), and Urografin 370(R) (diatrizoate). Conclusion: IRCM have in vitro antioxidant properties in concentrations relevant for their clinical application. These properties may therefore be of potential importance when evaluating IRCM effects in vivo, particularly those concerning cardiovascular and renal function.
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- Berg, K., et al.
(author)
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Oxidative stress during coronary artery bypass operations : Importance of surgical trauma and drug treatment
- 2006
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In: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 40:5, s. 291-297
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective. To investigate oxidative stress and myocardial injury at different stages of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Design. Twenty patients underwent CABG with use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and with intermittent sampling of plasma and urine. Main markers were: 8-iso-PGF(2 alpha) (oxidative stress); troponin T (myocardial injury); and 15-keto-dihydro-PGF2 alpha and hsCRP (inflammation). Results. Plasma 8-iso-PGF2 alpha increased after start of surgery, but there was no further rise during CPB or after aortic cross-clamp release and no significant myocardial arterio-venous differences. An increase in troponin T was seen early after the operation, but no relationship was established between 8-iso-PGF2 alpha and troponin T. 8-iso-PGF2 alpha levels were elevated by preoperative withdrawal of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) but reduced by intraoperative use of heparin. 15-keto-dihydro-PGF2 alpha was elevated during operation and hsCRP following operation. Conclusions. In the present study oxidative stress was multifactorial in origin with main impacts from surgical trauma, less from CPB and little if any from myocardial ischemia-reperfusion events. In addition, cardiovascular drugs in common use like ASA and heparin seemed to influence the pro- and antioxidant balance, a finding that has to be confirmed in future studies.
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- Öberg, Gudrun, 1945-, et al.
(author)
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Hastighetsbegränsningar och energiförbrukning : del 1 1982 : litteraturundersökning
- 1984
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Nordiska Ämbetsmannakommittén för Transportfrågor (NÄT) föreslog våren 1981 att ett projekt med rubriken "Hastighetsbegränsningar och energiförbrukning" skulle påbörjas. I projektmotiveringen konstaterade NÄT: "Effekterne af hastighedsgraenser er hidtil blevet studeret med hovedvaegten lagt på middelhastighedsmålinger. Studierne bør også inkludere hastighedsprofiler for de berørte biler, idet brandstofsøkonomin ikke kun afhaenger af middelhastigheden, men også af hastighedsaendringenes antal og størrelse".Vid ett senare tillfälle beslutades att projektet i första hand skulle behandla ändrade hastighetsgränser på landsbygdsvägar.Projektet inleddes med en litteraturstudie under 1982, vilken redovisas i detta meddelande.
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