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- Lalitkumar, PGL, et al.
(author)
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Effects of Estradiol/Micronized Progesterone vs. Conjugated Equine Estrogens/Medroxyprogesterone Acetate on Breast Cancer Gene Expression in Healthy Postmenopausal Women
- 2023
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In: International journal of molecular sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1422-0067. ; 24:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent studies suggest estradiol (E2)/natural progesterone (P) confers less breast cancer risk compared with conjugated equine estrogens (CEE)/synthetic progestogens. We investigate if differences in the regulation of breast cancer-related gene expression could provide some explanation. This study is a subset of a monocentric, 2-way, open observer-blinded, phase 4 randomized controlled trial on healthy postmenopausal women with climacteric symptoms (ClinicalTrials.gov; EUCTR-2005/001016-51). Study medication was two 28-day cycles of sequential hormone treatment with oral 0.625 mg CEE and 5 mg of oral medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) or 1.5 mg E2 as percutaneous gel/day with the addition of 200 mg oral micronized P. MPA and P were added days 15–28/cycle. Material from two core-needle breast biopsies in 15 women in each group was subject to quantitative PCR (Q-PCR). The primary endpoint was a change in breast carcinoma development gene expression. In the first eight consecutive women, RNA was extracted at baseline and after two months of treatment and subjected to microarray for 28856 genes and Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) to identify risk factor genes. Microarray analysis showed 3272 genes regulated with a fold-change of >±1.4. IPA showed 225 genes belonging to mammary-tumor development function: 198 for CEE/MPA vs. 34 for E2/P. Sixteen genes involved in mammary tumor inclination were subject to Q-PCR, inclining the CEE/MPA group towards an increased risk for breast carcinoma compared to the E2/P group at a very high significance level (p = 3.1 × 10−8, z-score 1.94). The combination of E2/P affected breast cancer-related genes much less than CEE/MPA.
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- vonSchoultz, B, et al.
(author)
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Progestins and mammary gland
- 1996
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In: DRUGS OF TODAY. - 0025-7656. ; 32, s. 39-41
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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- Akhmadaliev, S., et al.
(author)
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Hadron energy reconstruction for the ATLAS calorimetry in the framework of the non-parametrical method
- 2002
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In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 480:03-feb, s. 508-523
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper discusses hadron energy reconstruction for the ATLAS barrel prototype combined calorimeter (consisting of a lead-liquid argon electromagnetic part and an iron-scintillator hadronic part) in the framework of the non-parametrical method. The non-parametrical method utilizes only the known e/h ratios and the electron calibration constants and does not require the determination of any parameters by a minimization technique. Thus, this technique lends itself to an easy use in a first level trigger. The reconstructed mean values of the hadron energies are within +/-1% of the true values and the fractional energy resolution is [(58+/-3)%/rootE+(2.5+/-0.3)%]circle plus(1.7+/-0.2)/E. The value of the e/h ratio obtained for the electromagnetic compartment of the combined calorimeter is 1.74+/-0.04 and agrees with the prediction that e/h > 1.66 for this electromagnetic calorimeter. Results of a study of the longitudinal hadronic shower development are also presented. The data have been taken in the H8 beam line of the CERN SPS using pions of energies from 10 to 300 GeV.
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