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- Oeding, J. F., et al.
(author)
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A practical guide to the development and deployment of deep learning models for the orthopedic surgeon: part II
- 2023
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In: Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0942-2056 .- 1433-7347. ; 31, s. 1635-1643
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Deep learning has the potential to be one of the most transformative technologies to impact orthopedic surgery. Substantial innovation in this area has occurred over the past 5 years, but clinically meaningful advancements remain limited by a disconnect between clinical and technical experts. That is, it is likely that few orthopedic surgeons possess both the clinical knowledge necessary to identify orthopedic problems, and the technical knowledge needed to implement deep learning-based solutions. To maximize the utilization of rapidly advancing technologies derived from deep learning models, orthopedic surgeons should understand the steps needed to design, organize, implement, and evaluate a deep learning project and its workflow. Equipping surgeons with this knowledge is the objective of this three-part editorial review. Part I described the processes involved in defining the problem, team building, data acquisition, curation, labeling, and establishing the ground truth. Building on that, this review (Part II) provides guidance on pre-processing and augmenting the data, making use of open-source libraries/toolkits, and selecting the required hardware to implement the pipeline. Special considerations regarding model training and evaluation unique to deep learning models relative to "shallow" machine learning models are also reviewed. Finally, guidance pertaining to the clinical deployment of deep learning models in the real world is provided. As in Part I, the focus is on applications of deep learning for computer vision and imaging.
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- Marlevi, David, doktorand, et al.
(author)
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Altered Aortic Hemodynamics and Relative Pressure in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy
- 2021
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In: Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research. - : Springer Nature. - 1937-5387 .- 1937-5395.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ventricular-vascular interaction is central in the adaptation to cardiovascular disease. However, cardiomyopathy patients are predominantly monitored using cardiac biomarkers. The aim of this study is therefore to explore aortic function in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Fourteen idiopathic DCM patients and 16 controls underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, with aortic relative pressure derived using physics-based image processing and a virtual cohort utilized to assess the impact of cardiovascular properties on aortic behaviour. Subjects with reduced left ventricular systolic function had significantly reduced aortic relative pressure, increased aortic stiffness, and significantly delayed time-to-pressure peak duration. From the virtual cohort, aortic stiffness and aortic volumetric size were identified as key determinants of aortic relative pressure. As such, this study shows how advanced flow imaging and aortic hemodynamic evaluation could provide novel insights into the manifestation of DCM, with signs of both altered aortic structure and function derived in DCM using our proposed imaging protocol. Graphic Abstractr: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
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- Bissell, Malenka M., et al.
(author)
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4D Flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance consensus statement : 2023 update
- 2023
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In: Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. - : BMC. - 1097-6647 .- 1532-429X. ; 25:1
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hemodynamic assessment is an integral part of the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease. Four-dimensional cardiovascular magnetic resonance flow imaging (4D Flow CMR) allows comprehensive and accurate assessment of flow in a single acquisition. This consensus paper is an update from the 2015 ‘4D Flow CMR Consensus Statement’. We elaborate on 4D Flow CMR sequence options and imaging considerations. The document aims to assist centers starting out with 4D Flow CMR of the heart and great vessels with advice on acquisition parameters, post-processing workflows and integration into clinical practice. Furthermore, we define minimum quality assurance and validation standards for clinical centers. We also address the challenges faced in quality assurance and validation in the research setting. We also include a checklist for recommended publication standards, specifically for 4D Flow CMR. Finally, we discuss the current limitations and the future of 4D Flow CMR. This updated consensus paper will further facilitate widespread adoption of 4D Flow CMR in the clinical workflow across the globe and aid consistently high-quality publication standards.
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- Galindo, J., et al.
(author)
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Genetic and morphological divergence between Littorina fabalis ecotypes in Northern Europe
- 2021
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In: Journal of Evolutionary Biology. - : Wiley. - 1010-061X .- 1420-9101. ; 34:1, s. 97-113
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Low dispersal marine intertidal species facing strong divergent selective pressures associated with steep environmental gradients have a great potential to inform us about local adaptation and reproductive isolation. Among these, gastropods of the genus Littorina offer a unique system to study parallel phenotypic divergence resulting from adaptation to different habitats related with wave exposure. In this study, we focused on two Littorina fabalis ecotypes from Northern European shores and compared patterns of habitat-related phenotypic and genetic divergence across three different geographic levels (local, regional and global). Geometric morphometric analyses revealed that individuals from habitats moderately exposed to waves usually present a larger shell size with a wider aperture than those from sheltered habitats. The phenotypic clustering of L. fabalis by habitat across most locations (mainly in terms of shell size) support an important role of ecology in morphological divergence. A genome scan based on amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) revealed a heterogeneous pattern of differentiation across the genome between populations from the two different habitats, suggesting ecotype divergence in the presence of gene flow. The contrasting patterns of genetic structure between nonoutlier and outlier loci, and the decreased sharing of outlier loci with geographic distance among locations are compatible with parallel evolution of phenotypic divergence, with an important contribution of gene flow and/or ancestral variation. In the future, model-based inference studies based on sequence data across the entire genome will help unravelling these evolutionary hypotheses, improving our knowledge about adaptation and its influence on diversification within the marine realm.
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- Jonsson, J., et al.
(author)
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Microscopic spectrophotometry applied to quasifractal gold particle clusters
- 2000
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In: Proceedings of the SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - 0277-786X. ; 4103, s. 98-105
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- An optical measurement system composed of an optical microscope (Olympus BX60) and an optical multichannel analyzer (EGG OMA 1460) has been assembled and tested. The optical microscope allows the user to make measurements on a small and well defined area of the sample. The light source, a 100 W halogen lamp, and the diode array detector, result in high sensitivity in the wavelength region of 450-750 nm. The spectral resolution of the instrument is listed as 0.59 nm/channel. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the strongest peaks in calibration measurements on a mercury lamp is 5 channels corresponding to 3 nm. Quasifractal clusters of gold particles have been produced with electron beam lithography. The clusters consists of different numbers of particles, giving a cluster size variation from 1.6 m to 50 m. The individual gold particles are 50 nm in diameter each. The measurement system has been used to measure both absolute transmittance and the relative transmittance using the uncoated substrate as a reference
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