| 1. |
- Sperlich, Billy, et al.
(author)
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A 4-Week Intervention Involving Mobile-Based Daily 6-Minute Micro-Sessions of Functional High-Intensity Circuit Training Improves Strength and Quality of Life, but Not Cardio-Respiratory Fitness of Young Untrained Adults
- 2018
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In: Frontiers in Physiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-042X. ; 9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study was designed to assess the psycho-physiological responses of physically untrained individuals to mobile-based multi-stimulating, circuit-like, multiplejoint conditioning (CircuitHiu) performed either once (IxCircuitmu) or twice (2xCircuitHiu) daily for 4 weeks. In this single-center, two-arm randomized, controlled study, 24 men and women (age: 25 +/- 5 years) first received no training instructions for 4 weeks and then performed 4 weeks of either IxCircuitnirr or 2xCircuitHiu (5 men and 7 women in each group) daily. The IxCircuitnirr and 2xCircuitHiu participants carried out 90.7 and 85.7% of all planned training sessions, respectively, with average heart rates during the 6-min sessions of 74.3 and 70.8% of maximal heart rate. Body, fat and fat-free mass, and metabolic rate at rest did not differ between the groups or between time-points of measurement. Heart rate while running at 6 km h(-1) declined after the intervention in both groups. Submaximal and peak oxygen uptake, the respiratory exchange ratio and heart rate recovery were not altered by either intervention. The maximal numbers of push-ups, leg-levers, burpees, 45 degrees-one-legged squats and 30-s skipping, as well as perception of general health improved in both groups. Our IxCircuitHiu or 2xCircuitHiiT interventions improved certain parameters of functional strength and certain dimensions of quality of life in young untrained individuals. However, they were not sufficient to enhance cardio-respiratory fitness, in particular peak oxygen uptake.
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| 2. |
- Sperlich, Billy, et al.
(author)
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Functional High-Intensity Circuit Training Improves Body Composition, Peak Oxygen Uptake, Strength, and Alters Certain Dimensions of Quality of Life in Overweight Women
- 2017
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In: Frontiers in Physiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-042X. ; 8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effects of circuit-like functional high-intensity training (CircuitHIIT) alone or in combination with high-volume low-intensity exercise (Circuitcombined) on selected cardio-respiratory and metabolic parameters, body composition, functional strength and the quality of life of overweight women were compared. In this single-center, two-armed randomized, controlled study, overweight women performed 9-weeks (3 sessions·wk-1) of either CircuitHIIT (n = 11), or Circuitcombined (n = 8). Peak oxygen uptake and perception of physical pain were increased to a greater extent (p < 0.05) by CircuitHIIT, whereas Circuitcombined improved perception of general health more (p < 0.05). Both interventions lowered body mass, body-mass-index, waist-to-hip ratio, fat mass, and enhanced fat-free mass; decreased ratings of perceived exertion during submaximal treadmill running; improved the numbers of push-ups, burpees, one-legged squats, and 30-s skipping performed, as well as the height of counter-movement jumps; and improved physical and social functioning, role of physical limitations, vitality, role of emotional limitations, and mental health to a similar extent (all p < 0.05). Either forms of these multi-stimulating, circuit-like, multiple-joint training can be employed to improve body composition, selected variables of functional strength, and certain dimensions of quality of life in overweight women. However, CircuitHIIT improves peak oxygen uptake to a greater extent, but with more perception of pain, whereas Circuitcombined results in better perception of general health.
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| 3. |
- Sperlich, Paula F., et al.
(author)
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Individual versus Standardized Running Protocols in the Determination of VO2max
- 2015
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In: Journal of Sports Science and Medicine (JSSM). - 1303-2968. ; 14:2, s. 386-393
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to determine whether an individually designed incremental exercise protocol results in greater rates of oxygen uptake (VO2max) than standardized testing. Fourteen well-trained, male runners performed five incremental protocols in randomized order to measure their VO2max: i) an incremental test (INCS+I) with pre-defined increases in speed (2 min at 8.64 km.h(-1), then a rise of 1.44 km.h(-1) every 30 s up to 14.4 km.h(-1)) and thereafter inclination (0.5.every 30 s); ii) an incremental test (INCI) at constant speed (14.4 km.h(-1)) and increasing inclination (2 degrees every 2 min from the initial 0 degrees); iii) an incremental test (INCS) at constant inclination (0 degrees) and increasing speed (0.5 km.h(-1) every 30 s from the initial 12.0 km.h(-1)); iv) a graded exercise protocol (GXP) at a 1 degrees incline with increasing speed (initially 8.64 km.h(-1) + 1.44 km.h(-1) every 5 min); v) an individual exercise protocol (INDXP) in which the runner chose the inclination and speed. VO2max was lowest (-4.2%) during the GXP (p = 0.01; d = 0.06 - 0.61) compared to all other tests. The highest rating of perceived exertion, heart rate, ventilation and end-exercise blood lactate concentration were similar between the different protocols (p < 0.05). The time to exhaustion ranged from 7 min 18 sec (INCS) to 25 min 30 sec (GXP) (p = 0.01). The VO2max attained by employing an individual treadmill protocol does not differ from the values derived from various standardized incremental protocols.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Analysis of sprint cross-country skiing using a differential global navigation satellite system
- 2010
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In: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 110:3, s. 585-595
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose was to examine skiing velocities, gear choice (G2-7) and cycle rates during a skating sprint time trial (STT) and their relationships to performance, as well as to examine relationships between aerobic power, body composition and maximal skiing velocity versus STT performance. Nine male elite cross-country skiers performed three tests on snow: (1) Maximum velocity test (Vmax) performed using G3 skating, (2) Vmax test performed using double poling (DP) technique and (3) a STT over 1,425 m. Additional measurements of VO2max during roller skiing and body composition using iDXA were made. Differential global navigation satellite system data were used for position and velocity and synchronized with video during STT. The STT encompassed a large velocity range (2.9-12.9 m s-1) and multiple transitions (21-34) between skiing gears. Skiing velocity in the uphill sections was related to gear selection between G2 and G3. STT performance was most strongly correlated to uphill time (r = 0.92, P < 0.05), the percentage use of G2 (r = -0.72, P < 0.05), and DP Vmax (r = -0.71, P < 0.05). The velocity decrease in the uphills from lap 1 to lap 2 was correlated with VO2max (r = -0.78, P < 0.05). Vmax in DP and G3 were related to percent of racing time using G3. In conclusion, the sprint skiing performance was mainly related to uphill performance, greater use of the G3 technique, and higher DP and G3 maximum velocities. Additionally, VO2max was related to the ability to maintain racing velocity in the uphills and lean body mass was related to starting velocity and DP maximal speed.
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| 5. |
- Bauer, Nikolai, et al.
(author)
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Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training in School on the Physical Performance and Health of Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
- 2022
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In: Sports Medicine - Open. - : Springer. - 2198-9761 .- 2199-1170. ; 8:1
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Performance of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) by children and adolescents improves physical and health-related fitness, as well as cardiometabolic risk factors.Objectives To assess the impact of HIIT performed at school, i.e. both in connection with physical education (intra-PE) and extracurricular sports activities (extra-PE), on the physical fitness and health of children and adolescents.Methods PubMed and SPORTDiscus were searched systematically utilizing the following criteria for inclusion: (1) healthy children and adolescents (5–18 years old) of normal weight; (2) HIIT performed intra- and/or extra-PE for at least 5 days at an intensity ≥ 80% of maximal heart rate (HRmax) or peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) or as Functional HIIT; (3) comparison with a control (HIIT versus alternative interventions); and (4) pre- and post-analysis of parameters related to physical fitness and health. The outcomes with HIIT and the control interventions were compared utilizing Hedges’ g effect size (ES) and associated 95% confidence intervals.Results Eleven studies involving 707 participants who performed intra-PE and 388 participants extra-PE HIIT were included. In comparison with the control interventions, intra-PE HIIT improved mean ES for neuromuscular and anaerobic performance (ES jump performance: 5.89 ± 5.67 (range 1.88–9.90); ES number of push-ups: 6.22 (range n.a.); ES number of sit-ups: 2.66 ± 2.02 (range 1.24–4.09)), as well as ES fasting glucose levels (− 2.68 (range n.a.)) more effectively, with large effect sizes. Extra-PE HIIT improved mean ES for neuromuscular and anaerobic performance (ES jump performance: 1.81 (range n.a.); ES number of sit-ups: 2.60 (range n.a.)) to an even greater extent, again with large effect sizes. Neither form of HIIT was more beneficial for parameters related to cardiorespiratory fitness than the control interventions.Conclusion Compared to other forms of exercise (e.g. low-to-moderate-intensity running or walking), both intra- and extra-PE HIIT result in greater improvements in neuromuscular and anaerobic performance, as well as in fasting levels of glucose in school children.
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| 6. |
- Born, DP, et al.
(author)
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A novel compression garment with adhesive silicone stripes improves repeated sprint performance : a multi-experimental approach on the underlying mechanisms.
- 2014
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In: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2052-1847. ; 6:21
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Repeated sprint performance is determined by explosive production of power, as well as rapid recovery between successive sprints, and there is evidence that compression garments and sports taping can improve both of these factors.METHODS:In each of two sub-studies, female athletes performed two sets of 30 30-m sprints (one sprint per minute), one set wearing compression garment with adhesive silicone stripes (CGSS) intended to mimic taping and the other with normal clothing, in randomized order. Sub-study 1 (n = 12) focused on cardio-respiratory, metabolic, hemodynamic and perceptual responses, while neuronal and biomechanical parameters were examined in sub-study 2 (n = 12).RESULTS:In both sub-studies the CGSS improved repeated sprint performance during the final 10 sprints (best P < 0.01, d = 0.61). None of the cardio-respiratory or metabolic variables monitored were altered by wearing this garment (best P = 0.06, d = 0.71). Also during the final 10 sprints, rating of perceived exertion by the upper leg muscles was reduced (P = 0.01, d = 1.1), step length increased (P = 0.01, d = 0.91) and activation of the m. rectus femoris elevated (P = 0.01, d = 1.24), while the hip flexion angle was lowered throughout the protocol (best P < 0.01, d = 2.28) and step frequency (best P = 0.34, d = 0.2) remained unaltered.CONCLUSION:Although the physiological parameters monitored were unchanged, the CGSS appears to improve performance during 30 30-m repeated sprints by reducing perceived exertion and altering running technique.
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| 7. |
- Born, Dennis, et al.
(author)
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Bringing light into the dark: effects of compression clothing on performance and recovery
- 2013
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In: International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. - : Human Kinetics. - 1555-0265 .- 1555-0273. ; 8:1, s. 4-18
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To assess original research addressing the effect of the application of compression clothing on sport performance and recovery after exercise, a computer-based literature research was performed in July 2011 using the electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. Studies examining the effect of compression clothing on endurance, strength and power, motor control, and physiological, psychological, and biomechanical parameters during or after exercise were included, and means and measures of variability of the outcome measures were recorded to estimate the effect size (Hedges g) and associated 95% confidence intervals for comparisons of experimental (compression) and control trials (noncompression). The characteristics of the compression clothing, participants, and study design were also extracted. The original research from peer-reviewed journals was examined using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) Scale. Results indicated small effect sizes for the application of compression clothing during exercise for shortduration sprints (10-60 m), vertical-jump height, extending time to exhaustion (such as running at VO2maxor during incremental tests), and time-trial performance (3-60 min). When compression clothing was applied for recovery purposes after exercise, small to moderate effect sizes were observed in recovery of maximal strength and power, especially vertical-jump exercise; reductions in muscle swelling and perceived muscle pain; blood lactate removal; and increases in body temperature. These results suggest that the application of compression clothing may assist athletic performance and recovery in given situations with consideration of the effects magnitude and practical relevance.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Born, Dennis, et al.
(author)
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Muscle oxygenation asymmetry in ice speed skaters is not compensated by compression
- 2014
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In: International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. - 1555-0265 .- 1555-0273. ; 9:1, s. 58-67
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE:The present investigation assessed tissue oxygenation and local blood volume in both vastus lateralis muscles during 3000 m race simulations in elite speed skaters on ice and the effects of leg compression on physiological, perceptual and performance measures.METHODS:Ten (6 female) elite ice speed skaters completed two on-ice trials with and without leg compression. Tissue oxygenation and local blood volume in both vastus lateralis muscles was assessed by applying near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Continuous measures of oxygen uptake, ventilation, heart rate and velocity were conducted throughout the race simulations as well as blood lactate concentration and ratings of perceived exertion before and after the trials. In addition, lap times were assessed.RESULTS:The investigation of tissue oxygenation in both vastus lateralis muscles revealed an asymmetry (P<0.00; effect size=1.81) throughout the 3000 m race simulation. The application of leg compression did not affect oxygenation asymmetry (smallest P=0.99; largest effect size=0.31) or local blood volume (P=0.33; 0.95). Lap times (P=0.88; 0.43), velocity (P=0.24; 0.84), oxygen uptake (P=0.79; 0.10), ventilation (P=0.11; 0.59), heart rate (P=0.21; 0.89), blood lactate concentration (P=0.82; 0.59) and ratings of perceived exertion (P=0.19; 1.01) were also unaffected by the different types of clothing.CONCLUSION:Elite ice speed skaters show an asymmetry in tissue oxygenation of both vastus lateralis muscles during 3000 m events remaining during the long gliding phases along the straight sections of the track. Based on our data, we conclude no performance enhancing benefits from wearing leg compression under a normal racing suit.
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