| 1. |
- Ahmed, Zeeshan, et al.
(author)
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A system for facial expression-based affective speech translation
- 2013
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In: Proceedings of the companion publication of the 2013 international conference on Intelligent user interfaces companion. ; , s. 57-58
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the emerging eld of speech-to-speech translation, empha- sis is currently placed on the linguistic content, while the sig- ni cance of paralinguistic information conveyed by facial ex- pression or tone of voice is typically neglected. We present a prototype system for multimodal speech-to-speech transla- tion that is able to automatically recognize and translate spo- ken utterances from one language into another, with the out- put rendered by a speech synthesis system. The novelty of our system lies in the technique of generating the synthetic speech output in one of several expressive styles that is au- tomatically determined using a camera to analyze the user’s facial expression during speech.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Gelius, Eva, et al.
(author)
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A mammalian peptidoglycan recognition protein with N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase activity
- 2003
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In: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 306:4, s. 988-994
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The family of peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) is conserved from insects to mammals. Recently, Drosophila PGRP-SC1B was demonstrated to be an N-acetylmuramoyl- -alanine amidase (NAMLAA), an enzyme that cleaves the lactylamide bond between muramic acid and the peptide chain in peptidoglycan (PGN). We now show an M.mPGRP-L mRNA to be expressed in the liver. The recombinant M.mPGRP-L protein has NAMLAA activity and degrades PGN from both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus; however, the Gram-positive PGN was a better substrate after lysozyme treatment. The activity of M.mPGRP-L was further analysed using Bordetella pertussis tracheal toxin as a substrate. Cleavage products were separated on HPLC and identified using mass spectrometry. From these results we conclude that M.mPGRP-L has activity and other properties identifying it as the NAMLAA protein present in mammalian sera.
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| 4. |
- Genereux, Diane P., et al.
(author)
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A comparative genomics multitool for scientific discovery and conservation
- 2020
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In: Nature. - : NATURE RESEARCH. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 587:7833, s. 240-245
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A whole-genome alignment of 240 phylogenetically diverse species of eutherian mammal-including 131 previously uncharacterized species-from the Zoonomia Project provides data that support biological discovery, medical research and conservation. The Zoonomia Project is investigating the genomics of shared and specialized traits in eutherian mammals. Here we provide genome assemblies for 131 species, of which all but 9 are previously uncharacterized, and describe a whole-genome alignment of 240 species of considerable phylogenetic diversity, comprising representatives from more than 80% of mammalian families. We find that regions of reduced genetic diversity are more abundant in species at a high risk of extinction, discern signals of evolutionary selection at high resolution and provide insights from individual reference genomes. By prioritizing phylogenetic diversity and making data available quickly and without restriction, the Zoonomia Project aims to support biological discovery, medical research and the conservation of biodiversity.
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| 5. |
- Halbreich, Uriel, et al.
(author)
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Clinical diagnostic criteria for premenstrual syndrome and guidelines for their quantification for research studies.
- 2007
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In: Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0951-3590. ; 23:3, s. 123-30
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) encompasses a variety of symptoms appearing during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Although PMS is widely recognized, the etiology remains unclear and it lacks definitive, universally accepted diagnostic criteria. To address these issues an international multidisciplinary group of experts evaluated the current definitions and diagnostic criteria of PMS and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Following extensive correspondence, a consensus meeting was held with the aim of producing updated diagnostic criteria for PMS and guidelines for clinical and research applications. This report presents the conclusions and recommendations of the group. It is hoped that the criteria proposed by the group will become widely accepted and eventually be incorporated into the next edition of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). It is also hoped that the proposed guidelines for quantification of criteria will be used by clinicians and investigators to facilitate diagnostic uniformity in the field as well as adequate treatment modalities when warranted.
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| 6. |
- Škerlep, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Afforestation driving long-term surface water browning
- 2020
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In: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:3, s. 1390-1399
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Increase in surface water color (browning), caused by rising dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and iron concentrations, has been widely reported and studied in the last couple of decades. This phenomenon has implications to aquatic ecosystem function and biogeochemical carbon cycling. While recovery from acidification and changes in climate-related variables, such as precipitation and length of growing season, are recognized as drivers behind browning, land-use change has received less attention. In this study, we include all of the above factors and aim to discern their individual and combined contribution to water color variation in an unprecedentedly long (1940–2016) and highly resolved dataset (~20 times per month), from a river in southern Sweden. Water color showed high seasonal variability and a marked long-term increase, particularly in the latter half of the dataset (~1980). Short-term and seasonal variations were best explained by precipitation, with temperature playing a secondary role. All explanatory variables (precipitation, temperature, S deposition, and land-use change) contributed significantly and together predicted 75% of the long-term variation in water color. Long-term change was best explained by a pronounced increase in Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst) volume—a measure of land-use change and a proxy for buildup of organic soil layers—and by change in atmospheric S deposition. When modeling water color with a combination of explanatory variables, Norway spruce showed the highest contribution to explaining long-term variability. This study highlights the importance of considering land-use change as a factor behind browning and combining multiple factors when making predictions in water color and DOC.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Steiner, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Användningen av vattenorganismer som miljöindikatorer
- 1993
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Denna rapport är en sammanställning av litteratur från perioden 1949-1991. Materialet omfattar en beskrivning av olika organismgruppers (växtplankton, vattenväxter, djurplankton och bottenfauna) miljökrav. Dessutom beskrivs hur olika organismsamhällen kan se ut vid näringsfattiga (oligotrofa) respektive näringsrika (eutrofa) förhållanden samt förändringar som sker vid försurning och eutrofiering. Betydelsen och användningen av biologiska mätparametrar har ökat väsentligt och förväntas få ytterligare betydelse i framtiden. Användbara parametrar är miljö- och bioindikatorer, där miljöindikatorer är arter som återfinns i en viss miljö. Bioindikatorer används huvudsakligen för att semikvantitativt beskriva biotillgängligheten av en förorening. Organimsernas känslighet för t.ex. försurning, syrebrist, metall- och oljeföroreningar samt näringsämnen varierar. Dagsländor har t.ex. visat sig vara mycket lämpliga som indikatorer på försurning i vattendrag. Likaså har bottenfauna (framför allt chironomider och oligochaeter) visat sig vara användbara vid bedömning av ekologiska effekter av t.ex. industriutsläpp, syrebrist och närsalter. Kiselalger är också en grupp som är användbar som indikatororganismer, främst vid beskrivning av oligotrofa och eutrofa förhållanden.
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| 9. |
- Steiner, Eva Maria, et al.
(author)
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CysK2 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis Is an O-Phospho-L-Serine-Dependent S-Sulfocysteine Synthase
- 2014
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In: Journal of Bacteriology. - 0021-9193 .- 1098-5530. ; 196:19, s. 3410-3420
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis is dependent on cysteine biosynthesis, and reduced sulfur compounds such as mycothiol synthesized from cysteine serve in first-line defense mechanisms against oxidative stress imposed by macrophages. Two biosynthetic routes to L-cysteine, each with its own specific cysteine synthase (CysK1 and CysM), have been described in M. tuberculosis, but the function of a third putative sulfhydrylase in this pathogen, CysK2, has remained elusive. We present biochemical and biophysical evidence that CysK2 is an S-sulfocysteine synthase, utilizing O-phosphoserine (OPS) and thiosulfate as substrates. The enzyme uses a mechanism via a central aminoacrylate intermediate that is similar to that of other members of this pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme family. The apparent second-order rate of the first half-reaction with OPS was determined as k(max)/K-s = (3.97 x 10(3)) +/- 619 M-1 s(-1), which compares well to the OPS-specific mycobacterial cysteine synthase CysM with a k(max)/K-s of (1.34 x 10(3)) +/- 48.2. Notably, CysK2 does not utilize thiocarboxylated CysO as a sulfur donor but accepts thiosulfate and sulfide as donor substrates. The specificity constant k(cat)/K-m for thiosulfate is 40-fold higher than for sulfide, suggesting an annotation as S-sulfocysteine synthase. Mycobacterial CysK2 thus provides a third metabolic route to cysteine, either directly using sulfide as donor or indirectly via S-sulfocysteine. Hypothetically, S-sulfocysteine could also act as a signaling molecule triggering additional responses in redox defense in the pathogen upon exposure to reactive oxygen species during dormancy.
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| 10. |
- Steiner, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Tillfriskningsstudier i gruvindustriella recipienter
- 1990
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Kartering av metallhalterna bly, zink och koppar i olika trofinivåer (bottenfauna, plankton, fisk), vatten och sediment samt jämförande studier över förändringar i metallhalter med tiden, genomfördes vid Laisvallsgruvans recipienter 1989. Syftet med undersökningen var att beskriva miljösituationen i en gruvas recipienter efter vidtagna utsläppsbegränsande åtgärder, samt att ange lämpliga metoder för detta ändamål. Jämförelser mellan referens- och recipientsjöar visar på förhöjda halter av framför allt bly i gruvrecipienterna. Detta gäller främst sediment, men har också påvisats för fisk, bottenfauna och plankton. Skillnaderna mellan recipient- och referenssjö vad gäller metallerna koppar och zink, var inte lika markanta som för bly. En viss återhämtning i recipientsystemen kan påvisas relativt undersökningstillfällen, då metallhalterna både i fisk (muskel och lever) och bottenfauna har sjunkit något. Resultaten tyder på att sediment är en lämplig undersökningsparameter för belastningsstudier, eftersom de speglar en längre tids belastning. med olika dateringsmetoder kan en bättre precision vid bedömning av händelseförloppet i sjön erhållas. Vidare indikeras att halter i bottenfauna, plankton och fisk är lämpliga vid undersökning av biotillgänglighet av metaller.
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