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- Dolan, Chris, et al.
(author)
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What is sexual about conflict-related sexual violence? Stories from men and women survivors
- 2020
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In: International Affairs. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0020-5850 .- 1468-2346. ; 96:5, s. 1151-1168
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Despite the prominent attention that the problem of conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) has recently garnered globally, we still know far too little about what is sexual about sexual violence, according to whom, as well as why and how this matters in our efforts to prevent and redress its harms. A growing theoretical, political, legal and ethical imperative to ask questions about the sexual part of sexual violence across both war and peace is nonetheless emerging. This article therefore turns to the accounts of male and female survivors of CRSV at the at the Refugee Law Project (RLP) in Kampala, Uganda. In our reading of their accounts, we explore how the participants understand the possible imbrication of the perpetrator's sexual desire and pleasure with the violence they inflicted, as well as how they deem such intermeshing impossible or deeply problematic in and to the gendered frames that govern how they think about the distinctions between violence and sex, as well as themselves as sexual, social, embodied subjects. Read together, these conflicted and conflicting testimonies offer a vantage point from which to rethink some of the reductive truisms that persist in dominant policy-friendly accounts of wartime sexual violence—namely that such violence is about power and not about ‘sex’. The participants’ accounts thus urge us, as scholars and policy advocates, to resist reducing the multi-layered experiences of victim/survivors of sexual violence to fit into the palatable narratives of victimhood that prevail in humanitarian, juridical and policy spaces.
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| 4. |
- Eriksson Baaz, Maria, 1971, et al.
(author)
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Conflict Related Sexual Violence against Men
- 2023
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In: Gender and Violence against Political Actors Edited by Elin Bjarnegård and Pär Zetterberg. - Philadelphia : Temple University Press. - 9781439923306
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 5. |
- Eriksson Baaz, Maria, 1971, et al.
(author)
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Fearless Fighters and Submissive Wives: Negotiating Identity among Women Soldiers in the Congo (DRC)
- 2013
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In: Armed forces and society. - 0095-327X .- 1556-0848. ; 39:4, s. 711-739
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article addresses an underreported aspect of contemporary warring in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): the experiences of women soldiers and officers in the Congolese national armed forces (Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congo [FARDC]). It thus addresses an empirical gap in scholarly and policy knowledge about female soldiers in national armies on the African continent, and the DRC in particular. Based on original interviews, the article explores the way female soldiers in the FARDC understand their identities as “women soldiers” and offers new insight into women soldiers’ role and responsibilities in the widespread violence committed against civilians in the DRC. Moreover, it explores how their understanding of themselves as “women soldiers” both challenges and confirms familiar notions of the army as a masculine sphere. Such insight is important for better understanding the gendered makeup of the military and for contributing to a knowledge base for Security Sector Reform in this violent (post)conflict setting.
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| 6. |
- Eriksson Baaz, Maria, 1971, et al.
(author)
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Knowing Masculinities in Armed Conflict?: Reflections from Research in the Democratic Republic of Congo
- 2018
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In: The Oxford handbook of gender and conflict / edited by Fionnuala Ní Aoláin, Naomi Cahn, Dina Francesca Haynes and Nahla Valji.. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780199300983 ; , s. 532-545
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Drawing on interviews and ethnographic fieldwork with members of the Congolese military, this chapter explores conceptions of militarized masculinity, particularly in the context of sexual violence perpetrated by Congolese government forces during the protracted conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The chapter opens with a review of the feminist research regarding the interconnectedness of gender, militarization, and war, comparing these theories with the conceptions of masculinity articulated by Congolese soldiers. While portions of the interviews were consistent with prevailing research framings, the chapter documents various points of dissonance. These include differences in the articulation of what characteristics make one a “good soldier”; the recurring articulations of vulnerability and failure; and a perception of rape as the action of an emasculated man. The chapter concludes with the authors’ reflection on their experience carrying out their research and the ethics of research in a post-colonial context.
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| 7. |
- Eriksson Baaz, Maria, 1971, et al.
(author)
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Making sense of violence: voices of soldiers in the Congo (DRC)
- 2008
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In: The Journal of Modern African Studies. - 0022-278X .- 1469-7777. ; 46:1, s. 57-86
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During the last years the DRC has made itself known in the world for terrible acts of violence committed by armed men – militia and the regular army – against the civilian population. The voices of the soldiers and combatants have so far been absent in the accounts of this violence. This silence is problematic, both because it makes it harder to understand such violence, but also because it reinforces stereotypes of African warriors as primitive and anarchic, driven by innate violence and tribal hatred. Enquiry into the particular discursive as well as material circumstances of the armed conflict in the DRC, which might better redress the complex and interrelated context in which ‘people in uniforms’ commit violence, is consequently impeded. The story we recount here emerges from soldiers within the main perpetrator of violence in the DRC today: the Integrated Armed Forces. The soldiers' interview texts challenge the dominant representation of soldiers and combatants in the DRC. The soldiers made sense of the prevalence of violence (in which they too had participated) in several interrelated ways, none of which reflected any expression of ‘natural’ (if dormant) violent tendencies, hatred or vengefulness for the enemy.
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| 8. |
- Eriksson Baaz, Maria, 1971, et al.
(author)
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Maskulinitet och sexualiserat våld i krig och fred
- 2013
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In: Internationella relationer - könskritiska perspektiv. Paulina de los Reyes, Maud Eduards, Fia Sundevall (red.). - Stockholm : Liber. - 9789147097470 ; , s. 113-128
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Internationella relationer är en introduktion till genusanalytiska frågeställningar och tolkningar av den internationella ordningen. Boken belyser vikten av könskritiska perspektiv på internationella relationer och ger exempel på skilda sätt att förstå och förklara den internationella ordningens betydelser för människors liv i olika delar av världen. Här ställs frågor om hur globalisering och konflikter samspelar med föreställningar om manligt och kvinnligt. Författarna analyserar och diskuterar könskodade maktstrukturer och ojämlik resursfördelning - både lokalt och globalt. Med utgångspunkt i IR-fältets klassiska temaindelningar lyfter artiklarna fram nya perspektiv och problem, vilket vidgar och fördjupar förståelsen av fältet, såväl vetenskapligt som politiskt. Internationella relationer - könskritiska perspektiv vänder sig till studenter i internationella relationer och angränsande ämnen, men också till andra som är intresserade av könskritiska tolkningar av hur den internationella ordningen fungerar.
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| 10. |
- Eriksson Baaz, Maria, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Sexual Violence as a Weapon of War? : Perceptions, Prescriptions, Problems in the Congo and Beyond
- 2013
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Book (peer-reviewed)abstract
- All too often in conflict situations, rape is referred to as a 'weapon of war', a term presented as self-explanatory through its implied storyline of gender and warring. In this provocative but much-needed book, Eriksson Baaz and Stern challenge the dominant understandings of sexual violence in conflict and post-conflict settings. Reading with and against feminist analyses of the interconnections between gender, warring, violence and militarization, the authors address many of the thorny issues inherent in the arrival of sexual violence on the global security agenda. Based on original fieldwork in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, as well as research material from other conflict zones, Sexual Violence as a Weapon of War? challenges the recent prominence given to sexual violence, bravely highlighting various problems with isolating sexual violence from other violence in war. A much-anticipated book by two acknowledged experts in the field, on an issue that has become an increasingly important security, legal and gender topic.
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