| 2. |
- Michelsen, H. A., et al.
(author)
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Modeling laser-induced incandescence of soot: a summary and comparison of LII models
- 2007
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In: Applied Physics B. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0946-2171 .- 1432-0649. ; 87:3, s. 503-521
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have performed a comparison of ten models that predict the temporal behavior of laser-induced incandescence (LII) of soot. In this paper we present a summary of the models and comparisons of calculated temperatures, diameters, signals, and energy-balance terms. The models were run assuming laser heating at 532 nm at fluences of 0.05 and 0.70 J/cm(2) with a laser temporal profile provided. Calculations were performed for a single primary particle with a diameter of 30 nm at an ambient temperature of 1800 K and a pressure of 1 bar. Preliminary calculations were performed with a fully constrained model. The comparison of unconstrained models demonstrates a wide spread in calculated LII signals. Many of the differences can be attributed to the values of a few important parameters, such as the refractive-index function E(m) and thermal and mass accommodation coefficients. Constraining these parameters brings most of the models into much better agreement with each other, particularly for the low-fluence case. Agreement among models is not as good for the high-fluence case, even when selected parameters are constrained. The reason for greater variability in model results at high fluence appears to be related to solution approaches to mass and heat loss by sublimation.
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| 3. |
- Sloot, Frea, et al.
(author)
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Inventory of current EU paediatric vision and hearing screening programmes
- 2015
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In: Journal of Medical Screening. - : SAGE Publications. - 0969-1413 .- 1475-5793. ; 22:2, s. 55-64
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To examine the diversity in paediatric vision and hearing screening programmes in Europe. Methods: Themes for comparison of screening programmes derived from literature were used to compile three questionnaires on vision, hearing, and public health screening. Tests used, professions involved, age, and frequency of testing seem to influence sensitivity, specificity, and costs most. Questionnaires were sent to ophthalmologists, orthoptists, otolaryngologists, and audiologists involved in paediatric screening in all EU full-member, candidate, and associate states. Answers were cross-checked. Results: Thirty-nine countries participated; 35 have a vision screening programme, 33 a nation-wide neonatal hearing screening programme. Visual acuity (VA) is measured in 35 countries, in 71% of these more than once. First measurement of VA varies from three to seven years of age, but is usually before age five. At age three and four, picture charts, including Lea Hyvarinen, are used most; in children over four, Tumbling-E and Snellen. As first hearing screening test, otoacoustic emission is used most in healthy neonates, and auditory brainstem response in premature newborns. The majority of hearing testing programmes are staged; children are referred after 1–4 abnormal tests. Vision screening is performed mostly by paediatricians, ophthalmologists, or nurses. Funding is mostly by health insurance or state. Coverage was reported as >95% in half of countries, but reporting was often not first-hand. Conclusion: Largest differences were found in VA charts used (12), professions involved in vision screening (10), number of hearing screening tests before referral (1–4), and funding sources (8).
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| 4. |
- Tschan, V. J., et al.
(author)
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Preclinical investigations using Lu-177 Lu-lbu-DAB-PSMA toward its clinical translation for radioligand therapy of prostate cancer
- 2022
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In: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1619-7070 .- 1619-7089. ; 49, s. 3639-3650
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- [Lu-177]Lu-Ibu-DAB-PSMA was previously characterized with moderate albumin-binding properties enabling high tumor accumulation but reasonably low retention in the blood. The aim of this study was to investigate [Lu-177]Lu-Ibu-DAB-PSMA in preclinical in vivo experiments and compare its therapeutic efficacy and potential undesired side effects with those of [Lu-177]Lu-PSMA-617 and the previously developed [Lu-177]Lu-PSMA-ALB-56. BALB/c nude mice without tumors were investigated on Day 10 and 28 after injection of 10 MBq radioligand. It was revealed that most plasma parameters were in the same range for all groups of mice and histopathological examinations of healthy tissue did not show any alternations in treated mice as compared to untreated controls. Based on these results, a therapy study over twelve weeks was conducted with PC-3 PIP tumor-bearing mice for comparison of the radioligands's therapeutic efficacy up to an activity of 10 MBq (1 nmol) per mouse. In agreement with the increased mean absorbed tumor dose, [Lu-177]Lu-Ibu-DAB-PSMA (similar to 6.6 Gy/ MBq) was more effective to inhibit tumor growth than [Lu-177]Lu-PSMA-617 (similar to 4.5 Gy/MBq) and only moderately less potent than [Lu-177]Lu-PSMA-ALB-56 (similar to 8.1 Gy/MBq). As a result, the survival of mice treated with 2 MBq of an albumin-binding radioligand was significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared to that of mice injected with [Lu-177]Lu-PSMA-617 or untreated controls. The majority of mice treated with 5 MBq or 10 MBq [Lu-177]Lu-Ibu-DAB-PSMA or [Lu-177]Lu-PSMA-ALB-56 were still alive at study end. Hemograms of immunocompetent mice injected with 30 MBq [Lu-177]Lu-Ibu-DAB-PSMA or 30 MBq [Lu-177]Lu-PSMA-617 showed values in the same range as untreated controls. This was, however, not the case for mice treated with [Lu-177]Lu-PSMA-ALB-56 which revealed a drop in lymphocytes and hemoglobin at Day 10 and Day 28 after injection. The data of this study demonstrated a significant therapeutic advantage of [Lu-177]Lu-Ibu-DAB-PSMA over [Lu-177]Lu-PSMA-617 and a more favorable safety profile as compared to that of [Lu-177]Lu-PSMA-ALB-56. Based on these results, [Lu-177]Lu-Ibu-DAB-PSMA may has the potential for a clinical translation.
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