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- Evilevitch, Alex, et al.
(author)
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Physics of viral infectivity : Matching genome length with capsid size
- 2010
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In: Emerging Topics in Physical Virology. - : IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS. - 9781848164642 - 9781848164666 ; , s. 217-253
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this work, we review recent advances in the field of physical virology, presenting both experimental and theoretical studies on the physical properties of viruses. We focus on the double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) bacteriophages as model systems for all of the dsDNA viruses both prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Recent studies demonstrate that the DNA packaged into many dsDNA viral capsids is highly pressurized, which provides a force for the first step of passive injection of viral DNA into either bacterial or eukaryotic cells. Moreover, specific studies on capsid strength show a strong correlation between genome length and capsid size and robustness. The implications of these newly appreciated physical properties of a viral particle with respect to the infection process are discussed.
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| 4. |
- Miravitlles, Marc, et al.
(author)
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European Respiratory Society statement : Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary disease in α1-antitrypsin deficiency
- 2017
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In: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 50:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- α1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is the most common hereditary disorder in adults. It is associated with an increased risk of developing pulmonary emphysema and liver disease. The pulmonary emphysema in AATD is strongly linked to smoking, but even a proportion of never-smokers develop progressive lung disease. A large proportion of individuals affected remain undiagnosed and therefore without access to appropriate care and treatment. The most recent international statement on AATD was published by the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society in 2003. Since then there has been a continuous development of novel, more accurate and less expensive genetic diagnostic methods. Furthermore, new outcome parameters have been developed and validated for use in clinical trials and a new series of observational and randomised clinical trials have provided more evidence concerning the efficacy and safety of augmentation therapy, the only specific treatment available for the pulmonary disease associated with AATD. As AATD is a rare disease, it is crucial to organise national and international registries and collect information prospectively about the natural history of the disease. Management of AATD patients must be supervised by national or regional expert centres and inequalities in access to therapies across Europe should be addressed.
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