| 1. |
- Herbschleb, C. T., et al.
(author)
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The ReactorSTM : Atomically resolved scanning tunneling microscopy under high-pressure, high-temperature catalytic reaction conditions
- 2014
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In: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 85:8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To enable atomic-scale observations of model catalysts under conditions approaching those used by the chemical industry, we have developed a second generation, high-pressure, high-temperature scanning tunneling microscope (STM): the ReactorSTM. It consists of a compact STM scanner, of which the tip extends into a 0.5 ml reactor flow-cell, that is housed in a ultra-high vacuum (UHV) system. The STM can be operated from UHV to 6 bars and from room temperature up to 600 K. A gas mixing and analysis system optimized for fast response times allows us to directly correlate the surface structure observed by STM with reactivity measurements from a mass spectrometer. The in situ STM experiments can be combined with ex situ UHV sample preparation and analysis techniques, including ion bombardment, thin film deposition, low-energy electron diffraction and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The performance of the instrument is demonstrated by atomically resolved images of Au(111) and atom-row resolution on Pt(110), both under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions.
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| 2. |
- Rader Olsson, Amy, 1967-, et al.
(author)
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Förstudie av det bilaterala svensk-kinesiska samarbetet kring ekostäder
- 2015
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Sverige har under flera år haft ett samarbete med Kina angående utveckling av ekostäder. Ett flertal myndigheter, företag och forskare har medverkat i planeringen av två stadsutvecklingsprojekt i Kina – Tangshan Bay Eco-City och Wuxi Sino-Swedish Eco-City. Denna förstudie syftar till att skapa en ram för en eventuell utvärdering av samarbetet mellan svenska och kinesiska aktörer. Förstudien omfattar en inventering av tidigare forskning och andra relevanta rapporter, identifiering av nyckelaktörer och aktiviteter inom det svensk-kinesiska samarbetet samt intervjuer med representanter från medverkande företag och kontor. Resultatet av inventeringen och intervjuerna analyseras med hänsyn till befintlig forskning angående effektiva institutioner för planering och finansiering, tillämpning av innovativ energi-och miljöteknik, och planering som beaktar stadens metaboliska funktioner samt faktorer som påverkar socialt hållbarhet. Förstudien har genomförts av forskare vid KTH från institutionerna för Energiteknik, Samhällsplanering och miljö samt hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik under perioden oktober 2014-februari 2015.
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| 3. |
- Shafqat, Omar, et al.
(author)
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Participatory simulation for energy target identification in EcoCities
- 2014
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cities and Urban centers are hot beds for future innovation in the field of energy efficiency. At present, energy use in cities accounts for more than 60% of total world energy use and this trend is expected to increase with the growth in urbanization in various parts of the world. The role of Ecocities in this regard is of considerable importance. This paper discusses a model that was developed to assist the target setting in the planning process of an Ecocity in China. The Ecocity located in the Wuxi region in China, is currently in its planning stage. The model has been developed with a systems thinking approach, using STELLA. Different sectors comprising the Ecocity i.e. built environment, transport, water and waste management and energy generation have been considered. An effort has been made to take into account various possible synergies and feedbacks in the system that can be utilized to improve the performance of the overall system. An interactive interface has been provided to help different stakeholders in the decision making process. A participatory approach was adopted in the development of the model where different key parameters were identified as a result of a collaborative exercise with the various stakeholders. A framework for Participatory Modeling and Simulation has been developed. The model gives a possibility to visualize the energy saving potential for different technologies being proposed for implementation in the eco-city. Different scenarios have been created in conjunction with the identified sectors to reflect various levels of ambition towards energy saving in the eco-city.
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| 4. |
- Stoltz, David, et al.
(author)
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Categorization framework for systems innovation in EcoCities
- 2015
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In: CLEAN, EFFICIENT AND AFFORDABLE ENERGY FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE. - : Elsevier BV. ; , s. 2466-2471
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With an increasing concern regarding climate change and the increasingly higher rate of urbanization worldwide, cities are expected to play a more important role in the future global energy system. Therefore, sustainable urban development projects, so-called EcoCities projects, are carried out globally. EcoCities are normally focusing on minimizing energy use and greenhouse gas emissions as well as to serve as platforms for innovation fostering. One good example is Royal Seaport in Stockholm, Sweden in which an Innovation Arena has been established by the utilization of the Triple Helix innovation model where academia, industry and the city are cooperating. Due to the fact that EcoCity projects often are focusing on Innovation creation, this study defines a multi-level perspective framework for systems innovation in such projects. Based on previous studies on systems innovation from a multi-level perspective, the framework explains the occurrence of EcoCity projects as a reaction to the change in climate and urbanization as well as how EcoCities are acting as innovation platforms by simplifying the integration of emerging technologies in the city system. This paper also presents a hypothesis that EcoCity projects enable a shortened time for vision and ideas to transform into inventions and furthermore into innovations by reaching acceptance. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
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| 5. |
- Stoltz, David, et al.
(author)
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On holistic planning in ecocity development : Today and in the past
- 2014
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In: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier. ; , s. 2192-2195
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cities are expected to play an increasingly important role in the future global energy system due to the rapid rate of urbanization. As a reaction to this, the concept of ecological cities, or EcoCities, has gained a foothold in the world and there are numerous commenced EcoCity projects worldwide. As an example, it is said that there are over 250 EcoCity projects in China alone. However, there is no definitive definition of what an EcoCity is per se and thus it is relevant to ask what lies behind the "eco" in these projects. EcoCity planning is generally recommended to be carried out through a holistic planning approach by incorporating a wide range of focus areas in the project. The holistic planning is often claimed to be the key to successful EcoCity projects. Therefore, this article has identified 10 focus areas and used these to evaluate EcoCity projects by analyzing how many of these focus areas that have been taken in consideration in the projects. The higher number of focus areas in consideration, the higher score and thus the higher level of ambition, i.e. The city is planned in a more holistic manner. The projects have also been analyzed by identifying the year of start and geographical location in order to compare whether the level of ambition is varying between different parts of the world and during different time periods and by that identify whether EcoCity projects are planned with a more holistic approach now than earlier.
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