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- vanDoorslaer, E, et al.
(author)
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Income-related inequalities in health: Some international comparisons
- 1997
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In: JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0167-6296. ; 16:1, s. 93-112
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper presents evidence on income-related inequalities in self-assessed health in nine industrialized countries. Health interview survey data were used to construct concentration curves of self-assessed health, measured as a latent variable. Inequali
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| 7. |
- Auce, A, et al.
(author)
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Reaction cross sections for 38, 65, and 97 MeV deuterons on targets from Be-9 to Pb-208
- 1996
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In: PHYSICAL REVIEW C-NUCLEAR PHYSICS. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0556-2813. ; 53:6, s. 2919-2925
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Reaction cross sections for deuterons have been measured for Be-9, C-12, O-16, Si-28, Ca-40,Ca-48, Ni-58,Ni-60, Sn-112,Sn-116,Sn-120,Sn-124, and Pb-208 at 37.9, 65.5, and 97.4 MeV.
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| 9. |
- Baker, C. P., et al.
(author)
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CPPS and Voice-Source Parameters : Objective Analysis of the Singing Voice
- 2024
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In: Journal of Voice. - : Elsevier BV. - 0892-1997 .- 1873-4588. ; 38:3, s. 549-560
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: In recent years cepstral analysis and specific cepstrum-based measures such as smoothed cepstral peak prominence (CPPS) has become increasingly researched and utilized in attempts to determine the extent of overall dysphonia in voice signals. Yet, few studies have extensively examined how specific voice-source parameters affect CPPS values. Objective: Using a range of synthesized tones, this exploratory study sought to systematically analyze the effect of fundamental frequency (fo), vibrato extent, source-spectrum tilt, and the amplitude of the voice-source fundamental on CPPS values. Materials and Methods: A series of scales were synthesised using the freeware Madde. Fundamental frequency, vibrato extent, source-spectrum tilt, and the amplitude of the voice-source fundamental were systematically and independently varied. The tones were analysed in PRAAT, and statistical analyses were conducted in SPSS. Results: CPPS was significantly affected by both fo and source-spectrum tilt, independently. A nonlinear association was seen between vibrato extent and CPPS, where CPPS values increased from 0 to 0.6 semitones (ST), then rapidly decreased approaching 1.0 ST. No relationship was seen between the amplitude of the voice-source fundamental and CPPS. Conclusion: The large effect of fo should be taken into account when analyzing the voice, particularly in singing-voice research, when comparing pre and posttreatment data, and when comparing inter-subject CPPS data.
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- Baker, C. P., et al.
(author)
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Female adolescent singing voice characteristics : an exploratory study using LTAS and inverse filtering
- 2022
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In: Logopedics, Phoniatrics, Vocology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1401-5439 .- 1651-2022. ; , s. 1-13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and Aim: To date, little research is available that objectively quantifies female adolescent singing-voice characteristics in light of the physiological and functional developments that occur from puberty to adulthood. This exploratory study sought to augment the pool of data available that offers objective voice analysis of female singers in late adolescence. Methods: Using long-term average spectra (LTAS) and inverse filtering techniques, dynamic range and voice-source characteristics were determined in a cohort of vocally healthy cis-gender female adolescent singers (17 to 19 years) from high-school choirs in Aotearoa New Zealand. Non-parametric statistics were used to determine associations and significant differences. Results: Wide intersubject variation was seen between dynamic range, spectral measures of harmonic organisation (formant cluster prominence, FCP), noise components in the spectrum (high-frequency energy ratio, HFER), and the normalised amplitude quotient (NAQ) suggesting great variability in ability to control phonatory mechanisms such as subglottal pressure (Psub), glottal configuration and adduction, and vocal tract shaping. A strong association between the HFER and NAQ suggest that these non-invasive measures may offer complimentary insights into vocal function, specifically with regard to glottal adduction and turbulent noise in the voice signal. Conclusion: Knowledge of the range of variation within healthy adolescent singers is necessary for the development of effective and inclusive pedagogical practices, and for vocal-health professionals working with singers of this age. LTAS and inverse filtering are useful non-invasive tools for determining such characteristics.
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