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- Liljelind, I, et al.
(author)
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Exposure assessment of monoterpenes and styrene : A comparison of air sampling and biomonitoring
- 2003
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In: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 60:8, s. 599-603
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Within- and between-worker variance components have seldom been reported for both environmental and biological data collected from the same persons. Aims: To estimate these variance components and their ratio for air contaminants and urinary metabolites in two different work environments and to predict the attenuation of exposure-response relationships based on these measures. Methods: Parallel measurements of air and urine were performed among workers exposed to monoterpenes in sawmills (urinary metabolite: verbenol) and styrene in reinforced plastics factories (urinary metabolite: mandelic acid). Results: Among the sawmill workers, variance components of the air and urinary verbenol results were similar, for the reinforced plastics workers the estimated between-worker variance component was greater for styrene in air than mandelic acid in urine. This suggests that attenuation bias would be about equal if air or biological monitoring were employed for monoterpene exposures, but would be greater if urinary mandelic acid were used instead of airborne styrene in an investigation of styrene exposure. Conclusions: Personal air samplers provide data with similar or superior quality to urinary metabolites as measures of exposure to these monoterpenes in sawmills and styrene in reinforced plastics factories.
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- Milton, M. J. T, et al.
(author)
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Raman-shifted laser sources suitable for differential-absorption lidar measurements of ozone in the troposphere
- 1998
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In: Applied Physics B. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0946-2171. ; 66:1, s. 105-113
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Measurements have been performed at eight laboratories on Raman-shifted radiation from frequency-quadrupled Nd:YAG and KrF lasers. Each of these sources is a possible candidate for making differential-absorption lidar measurements of ozone in the free troposphere. The spectral purity, efficiency and divergence of the different sources are compared and explained using a simplified model of the Raman interaction. Particular attention has been given to the use of buffer gases to optimize the Raman gain and divergence. The experimental results show that the operating conditions required to optimize the output energy of each of these types of laser source can be quite different. In the case of the KrF laser, it has been shown that high energies can be generated at low active gas pressures, and that increasing the pressure increases the beam quality, but decreases the energy.
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- Sunesson, A-L, et al.
(author)
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Multivariate evaluation of VOCs in buildings where people with non-specific building-related symptoms perceive health problems and in buildings where they do not.
- 2006
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In: Indoor Air. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0905-6947 .- 1600-0668. ; 16:5, s. 383-391
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were sampled in buildings where people with non-specific building-related symptoms perceive health problems and in buildings where they do not. In total, nine persons and 34 buildings were included in the study. The obtained VOC data was evaluated using multivariate methods, to investigate possible systematic differences in air quality of 'problem' and 'non-problem' buildings. All individual compounds were included as variables in a multivariate partial least squares (PLS) data analysis. 'Problem' and 'non-problem' buildings separated into two distinct groups, showing that air samples of the two groups of building were chemically different. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The study showed that there was an identifiable systematic difference in the collected VOC data between buildings causing and not causing problems for people with non-specific building-related symptoms (also called sick building syndrome, SBS). This is an important indication that even such volatile organic compounds that can be sampled by commonly used adsorbents are of importance for the presence of such symptoms. By coordination of procedures for sampling and analysis of VOCs in buildings between laboratories, to get large datasets and more general models, the method can become a useful diagnostic measure in evaluating indoor air and to identify chemical compounds and sources that contribute to SBS problems.
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- Sunesson, A, et al.
(author)
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Laser Triggering of Electric Breakdown In Liquids
- 1994
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In: IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1070-9878. ; 1:4, s. 680-691
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electric breakdown in semihomogeneous geometries has been studied in n-hexane and transformer oil using a laser triggering method for fields far below the spontaneous breakdown field. The method uses a laser-produced plasma to initiate the breakdown. Strong self focusing in the liquids was limited by increasing the numerical aperture of the laser beam to > 0.20 prior to focusing. Electrical breakdown could be triggered at fields as low as 50 kV/cm in transformer oil and 25 kV/cm for n-hexane. The time lags are between 30 and 200 mus, depending on voltage, liquid, and gap size. Current and light emission measurements of the prebreakdown phenomena are presented and a model for the triggering process is proposed.
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- Sunesson, Evelina, et al.
(author)
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Experiences of How Health and Lifestyle among Individuals with Knee Pain Have Been Influenced during the COVID-19 Pandemic, a HALLOA Study
- 2022
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In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - Basel : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 19:14
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the health and lifestyles of both the general population and of vulnerable groups. Individuals with knee pain are recommended to lead an active lifestyle to relieve pain but find it difficult to maintain health and lifestyle compared to the general population due to the cause of chronic pain, impaired physical function, and a diminished quality of life. This study aimed to explore experiences of how health and lifestyle among individuals with knee pain have been influenced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interviews (n = 19) were conducted in 2021 and analysed with qualitative content analysis. The results showed how individuals with knee pain adjusted their behaviour and revalued their life to maintain health and lifestyle during COVID-19. Adjusted behaviours emerged, such as spending more time at home, becoming digital, and spending more time outdoors, while revaluing life emerged as having a positive outlook on life and sharing responsibility. In conclusion, behaviour was adjusted, and life revalued to manage health and lifestyle during the pandemic. However, the findings are probably similar to the general population, i.e., individuals with knee pain live similar lives as the general population despite knee pain. The results may contribute to alternative ways of maintaining health and lifestyle in various vulnerable groups and may be applied in situations other than the pandemic. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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