| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Proletov, Ian, et al.
(author)
-
Primary and secondary glomerulonephritides 1.
- 2014
-
In: Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2385. ; 29 Suppl 3:May, s. 186-200
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)
|
|
| 3. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(author)
-
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
-
In: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
|
|
| 4. |
- Otsuka, T., et al.
(author)
-
Tritium retention characteristics in dust particles in JET with ITER-like wall
- 2018
-
In: Nuclear Materials and Energy. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 2352-1791. ; 17, s. 279-283
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A tritium imaging plate technique (TIPT) in combination with an electron-probe microscopic analysis (EPMA) were applied to examine tritium (T) retention characteristics in individual dust particles collected in the Joint European Torus with the ITER-like Wall (JET-ILW) after the first campaign in 2011-2012. A lot of carbon pre-existing carbon deposits in the JET-C or released carbon particles from the remaining carbon-fiber components in the JET-ILW. Most of T was retained at the surface of and/or in the C-dominated dust particles. The retention in tungsten, beryllium and other metal-dominated dust particles is relatively lower by a factor of 10-100 in comparison with that in the Cdominated particles.
|
|
| 5. |
- Behnisch, Peter, et al.
(author)
-
Results of an international interlaboratory study on dioxin-like activities in drinking-, river surface- and wastewater using DR CALUX bioassay
- 2024
-
In: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 920
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aquatic animals and consumers of aquatic animals are exposed to increasingly complex mixtures of known and as-yet-unknown chemicals with dioxin-like toxicities in the water cycle. Effect- and cell-based bioanalysis can cover known and yet unknown dioxin and dioxin-like compounds as well as complex mixtures thereof but need to be standardized and integrated into international guidelines for environmental testing. In an international laboratory testing (ILT) following ISO/CD 24295 as standard procedure for rat cell-based DR CALUX un-spiked and spiked extracts of drinking-, surface-, and wastewater were validated to generate precision data for the development of the full ISO-standard. We found acceptable repeatability and reproducibility ranges below 36 % by DR CALUX bioassay for the tested un-spiked and spiked water of different origins. The presence of 17 PCDD/Fs and 12 dioxin-like PCBs was also confirmed by congener-specific GC-HRMS analysis. We compared the sum of dioxin-like activity levels measured by DR CALUX bioassay (expressed in 2,3,7,8-TCDD Bioanalytical Equivalents, BEQ; ISO 23196, 2022) with the obtained GC-HRMS chemical analysis results converted to toxic equivalents (TEQ; van den Berg et al., 2013).
|
|
| 6. |
- Sjökvist, Niclas, et al.
(author)
-
State retention flip flop architectures with different tradeoffs using crystalline indium gallium zinc oxide transistors implemented in a 32-bit normally-off microprocessor
- 2014
-
In: Japanese Journal of Applied Physics. - : Japan Society of Applied Physics. - 0021-4922 .- 1347-4065. ; 53:4, s. 04EE10-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- As leakage power continues to increase when transistor sizes are downscaled, it becomes increasingly hard to achieve low power consumption in modern chips. Normally-off processors use state-retention and non-volatile circuits to make power gating more efficient with less static power. In this paper, we propose two novel state-retention flip-flop designs based on a parallel and series retention circuit architectures utilizing crystalline indium gallium zinc oxide transistors, which can achieve state retention with zero static power. To demonstrate the application of these different designs, they are implemented in a 32-bit normally-off microprocessor with an energy break-even time of 1.47 mu s for the parallel type design and 0.93 mu s for the series type design, at a clock frequency of 15 MHz. We show that decreasing the power supply duty cycle to 0.9%, the average current of the processor core can be decreased by over 99% using either type of flip-flop.
|
|
| 7. |
-
- 2019
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)
|
|
