| 1. |
- Kraus, Ludwig, 1955-, et al.
(author)
-
Does the decline in Swedish adolescent drinking persist into early adulthood?
- 2024
-
In: Addiction. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 119:2, s. 259-267
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and aims: Sweden has experienced a substantial decrease in adolescent drinking over the past decades. Whether the reduction persists into early adulthood remains unclear. Using survey data, the present study aimed to determine whether reductions in indicators of alcohol use observed among adolescents remain in early adulthood and whether changes in alcohol intake are consistent among light/moderate and heavy drinkers.Design: Data from the Swedish monthly Alcohol Monitoring Survey (2001–20) were used to construct five 5-year birth cohorts (1978–82, 1983–87, 1988–92, 1993–97 and 1998–2002).Setting: Sweden.Participants: A total of n = 52 847 respondents (48% females) aged 16 and 30 years were included in this study.Measurements: For both males and females, temporal changes in the prevalence of any drinking, the prevalence of heavy episodic drinking (HED) and total alcohol intake in the past 30 days in centilitres were analysed.Findings: The prevalence of any drinking in more recent cohorts remained low until young people came into their early (females) and mid- (males) 20s. Male cohorts differed in the prevalence of HED across age, with the later cohorts showing lower odds than earlier cohorts (odds ratios between 0.54 and 0.66). Among females, no systematic differences between cohorts across age could be observed. Later male birth cohorts in light/moderate drinkers had lower alcohol intake than earlier cohorts (correlation coefficients between −0.09 and −0.54). No statistically significant cohort effects were found for male heavy drinkers. Although differences in alcohol intake among females diminished as age increased, the cohorts did not differ systematically in their level of alcohol intake.Conclusions: In Sweden, the reduced uptake of drinking in adolescents appears to fade as people move into adulthood. Observed reductions in alcohol intake among light and moderate drinkers appear to persist into adulthood. More recent male cohorts show a lower prevalence rate of heavy episodic drinking.
|
|
| 2. |
- Raninen, Jonas, et al.
(author)
-
17 Is the New 15 : Changing Alcohol Consumption among Swedish Youth
- 2022
-
In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 19:3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To examine and compare trends in drinking prevalence in nationally representative samples of Swedish 9th and 11th grade students between 2000 and 2018. A further aim is to compare drinking behaviours in the two age groups during years with similar drinking prevalence. Data were drawn from annual surveys of a nationally representative sample of students in year 9 (15–16 years old) and year 11 (17–18 years old). The data covered 19 years for year 9 and 16 years for year 11. Two reference years where the prevalence of drinking was similar were extracted for further comparison, 2018 for year 11 (n = 4878) and 2005 for year 9 (n = 5423). The reference years were compared with regard to the volume of drinking, heavy episodic drinking, having had an accident and quarrelling while drunk. The prevalence of drinking declined in both age groups during the study period. The rate of decline was somewhat higher among year 9 students. In 2018, the prevalence of drinking was the same for year 11 students as it was for year 9 students in 2005. The volume of drinking was lower among year 11 students in 2018 than year 9 students in 2005. No differences were observed for heavy episodic drinking. The decline in drinking has caused a displacement of consumption so that today’s 17–18-year-olds have a similar drinking behaviour to what 15–16-year-olds had in 2005.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Sand, Tommy, 1982, et al.
(author)
-
Efficacy of an external chromia layer in reducing nitridation of high temperature alloys
- 2022
-
In: Corrosion Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-938X. ; 197
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Six high temperature alloys have been exposed in N2/H2 environments at 900 °C. In order to study the efficacy of a chromia barrier layer against nitrogen ingress, experiments were performed in two environments having the same N2/H2 ratio but slightly different water content, chromia formation being spontaneous in one case only. The samples were evaluated by SEM/STEM/EDX, XRD, gravimetry and GD-OES. The presence of an external chromia scale reduced nitridation of the alloy by 50–95%. Furthermore, in the presence of a continuous alumina layer no nitridation of the alloy was detected.
|
|
| 5. |
- Svensson, Johan, 1964, et al.
(author)
-
Liver-derived IGF-I regulates kidney size, sodium reabsorption, and renal IGF-II expression.
- 2007
-
In: The Journal of endocrinology. - 0022-0795. ; 193:3, s. 359-66
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The GH/-IGF-I axis is important for kidney size and function and may also be involved in the development of renal failure. In this study, the role of liver-derived endocrine IGF-I for kidney size and function was investigated in mice with adult liver-specific IGF-I inactivation (LI-IGF-I(-/-) mice). These mice have an 80-85% reduction of serum IGF-I level and compensatory increased GH secretion. Seven-month-old as well as 24-month-old LI-IGF-I(-/-) mice had decreased kidney weight. Glomerular filtration rate, assessed using creatinine clearance as well as creatinine clearance corrected for body weight, was unchanged. The 24-h urine excretion of sodium and potassium was increased in the LI-IGF-I(-/-) mice. In the 24-month-old mice, there was no between-group difference in kidney morphology. Microarray and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) analyses showed a high renal expression of IGF-II in the control mice, whereas in the LI-IGF-I(-/-) mice, there was a tissue-specific decrease in the renal IGF-II mRNA levels (-79%, P < 0.001 vs controls using RT-PCR). In conclusion, deficiency of circulating liver-derived IGF-I in mice results, despite an increase in GH secretion, in a global symmetrical decrease in kidney size, increased urinary sodium and potassium excretion, and a clear down regulation of renal IGF-II expression. However, the LI-IGF-I(-/-) mice did not develop kidney failure or nephrosclerosis. One may speculate that liver-derived endocrine IGF-I induces renal IGF-II expression, resulting in symmetrical renal growth.
|
|
| 6. |
- Abarenkov, Kessy, et al.
(author)
-
Annotating public fungal ITS sequences from the built environment according to the MIxS-Built Environment standard – a report from a May 23-24, 2016 workshop (Gothenburg, Sweden)
- 2016
-
In: MycoKeys. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 1314-4057 .- 1314-4049. ; 16, s. 1-15
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent molecular studies have identified substantial fungal diversity in indoor environments. Fungi and fungal particles have been linked to a range of potentially unwanted effects in the built environment, including asthma, decay of building materials, and food spoilage. The study of the built mycobiome is hampered by a number of constraints, one of which is the poor state of the metadata annotation of fungal DNA sequences from the built environment in public databases. In order to enable precise interrogation of such data – for example, “retrieve all fungal sequences recovered from bathrooms” – a workshop was organized at the University of Gothenburg (May 23-24, 2016) to annotate public fungal barcode (ITS) sequences according to the MIxS-Built Environment annotation standard (http://gensc.org/mixs/). The 36 participants assembled a total of 45,488 data points from the published literature, including the addition of 8,430 instances of countries of collection from a total of 83 countries, 5,801 instances of building types, and 3,876 instances of surface-air contaminants. The results were implemented in the UNITE database for molecular identification of fungi (http://unite.ut.ee) and were shared with other online resources. Data obtained from human/animal pathogenic fungi will furthermore be verified on culture based metadata for subsequent inclusion in the ISHAM-ITS database (http://its.mycologylab.org).
|
|
| 7. |
- Almgren, Torgny, 1962, et al.
(author)
-
Optimization of opportunistic replacement activities: A case study in the aircraft industry
- 2007
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In the aircraft industry maximizing availability is essential. Maintenance schedules must therefore be opportunistic, incorporating preventive maintenance activities within the scheduled as well as the unplanned ones. At the same time, the maintenance contractor should utilize opportunistic maintenance to enable the minimization of the total expected cost to have a functional aircraft engine and thus to provide attractive service contracts. This paper provides an opportunistic maintenance optimization model which has been constructed and tested together with Volvo Aero Corporation in Trollhättan, Sweden for the maintenance of the RM12 engine. The model incorporates components with deterministic as well as with stochastic lives. The replacement model is shown to have favourable properties; in particular, when the maintenance occasions are fixed the remaining problem has the integrality property, the replacement polytope corresponding to the convex hull of feasible solutions is full-dimensional, and all the necessary constraints for its definition are facet-inducing. We present an empirical crack growth model that estimates the remaining life and also a case study that indicates that a non-stationary renewal process with Weibull distributed lives is a good model for the recurring maintenance occasions. Using one point of support for the distribution yields a deterministic replacement model; it is evaluated against classic maintenance policies from the literature through stochastic simulations. The deterministic model provides maintenance schedules over a finite time period that induce fewer maintenance occasions as well as fewer components replaced.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Bersellini Farinotti, Alex, et al.
(author)
-
Cartilage-binding antibodies induce pain through immune complex-mediated activation of neurons
- 2019
-
In: Journal of Experimental Medicine. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 1540-9538 .- 0022-1007. ; 216:8, s. 1904-1924
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rheumatoid arthritis-associated joint pain is frequently observed independent of disease activity, suggesting unidentified pain mechanisms. We demonstrate that antibodies binding to cartilage, specific for collagen type II (CII) or cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), elicit mechanical hypersensitivity in mice, uncoupled from visual, histological and molecular indications of inflammation. Cartilage antibody-induced pain-like behavior does not depend on complement activation or joint inflammation, but instead on tissue antigen recognition and local immune complex (IC) formation. smFISH and IHC suggest that neuronal Fcgr1 and Fcgr2b mRNA are transported to peripheral ends of primary afferents. CII-ICs directly activate cultured WT but not FcRγ chain-deficient DRG neurons. In line with this observation, CII-IC does not induce mechanical hypersensitivity in FcRγ chain-deficient mice. Furthermore, injection of CII antibodies does not generate pain-like behavior in FcRγ chain-deficient mice or mice lacking activating FcγRs in neurons. In summary, this study defines functional coupling between autoantibodies and pain transmission that may facilitate the development of new disease-relevant pain therapeutics.
|
|
| 10. |
- Botusan, I. R., et al.
(author)
-
Deficiency of liver-derived insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) does not interfere with the skin wound healing rate
- 2018
-
In: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 13:3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: IGF-I is a growth factor, which is expressed in virtually all tissues. The circulating IGF-I is however derived mainly from the liver. IGF-I promotes wound healing and its levels are decreased in wounds with low regenerative potential such as diabetic wounds. However, the contribution of circulating IGF-I to wound healing is unknown. Here we investigated the role of systemic IGF-I on wound healing rate in mice with deficiency of liver-derived IGF-I (LI-IGF-I-/- mice) during normal (normoglycemic) and impaired wound healing (diabetes). Methods: LI-IGF-I-/- mice with complete inactivation of the IGF-I gene in the hepatocytes were generated using the Cre/loxP recombination system. This resulted in a 75% reduction of circulating IGF-I. Diabetes was induced with streptozocin in both LI-IGF-I-/- and control mice. Wounds were made on the dorsum of the mice, and the wound healing rate and histology were evaluated. Serum IGF-I and GH were measured by RIA and ELISA respectively. The expression of IGF-I, IGF-II and the IGF-I receptor in the skin were evaluated by qRT-PCR. The local IGF-I protein expression in different cell types of the wounds during wound healing process was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Results: The wound healing rate was similar in LI-IGF-I-/- mice to that in controls. Diabetes significantly delayed the wound healing rate in both LI-IGF-I-/- and control mice. However, no significant difference was observed between diabetic animals with normal or reduced hepatic IGF-I production. The gene expression of IGF-I, IGF-II and IGF-I receptor in skin was not different between any group of animals tested. Local IGF-I levels in the wounds were similar between of LI-IGF-I-/- and WT mice although a transient reduction of IGF-I expression in leukocytes in the wounds of LI-IGF-I-/- was observed seven days post wounding. Conclusion: Deficiency in the liver-derived IGF-I does not affect wound healing in mice, neither in normo-glycemic conditions nor in diabetes.
|
|
