| 1. |
- Stenbeck, Sten, et al.
(author)
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Vidareutveckling av standard för utvärdering av prefabricerade dagvattenåtgärder
- 2023
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Development of a standard for purifying storm water Many of the technical solutions for stormwater treatment available on the market are often marketed with reference to high purification potential and low maintenance needs. However, there have rarely been independent tests or evaluations that prove the actual performance of the technics. It is a complex decision for the end user to choose the right technology and/or manufacturer for a particular application and purpose, while ensuring long-term functionality. At present, there is no Swedish standard, but many clients of stormwater technology refer instead to the Swedish Water and Wastewater Association's publications or to their own example collections for stormwater measures and design criteria that should apply to construction. Other countries, like The United States, Germany and the United Kingdom national standards for testing and evaluating the degree of purification of prefabricated stormwater solutions exists since a number of years. Since 2018, RISE has worked for the development of a Swedish standard together with a number of actors in the industry and with financial support from the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (Stenvall & Sörelius (2021), Klingberg & Kusoffsky (2021) and Dahlberg, etc. (2022)). In this project (November 2023), RISE, with the support of the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, together with Luleå University of Technology and GS Water Forum, has further developed the Swedish proposal for a National standard. The plan is to further test the standard in a German test facility by spring 2024. In order to provide the greatest possible market advantage for manufacturers who test their products according to the standard, the Swedish proposal has taken the German original into account. This is to ensure, as far as possible, that a supplier/manufacturer who has tested its product according to the standard will be able to gain access to both the German and the Swedish market. The work has also been carried out with the support of the Swedish Institute for Standards (SIS) to pave the way for the establishment of a Swedish Standard (SS) in 2024. This process will be initiated after the proposed test method has been evaluated in Germany.
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| 4. |
- Sylwan, Ida, et al.
(author)
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Energy demand for phosphorus recovery from municipal wastewater
- 2019
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In: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1876-6102. ; , s. 4338-4343, s. 4338-4343
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Phosphorus (P) is one of the essential nutrients for production of food. In modern agriculture, a large part of P comes from finite sources. There are several suggested processes for reuse of P from wastewater. In this paper, the energy use of direct reuse of sludge in agriculture is compared to the energy demand connected to use of mineral P and to reuse of P after thermal processing of sludge. The study is based on literature data from life cycle analysis (LCA). In the case of direct sludge reuse the sludge stabilization processes applied and the system boundaries of the LCA has a large impact on the calculated energy demand. The results though indicate that direct reuse of sludge in agriculture is the reuse scenario that potentially has the lowest energy demand (3-71 kWh/kg P), compared to incineration and extraction of P from sludge ashes (45-70 kWh/kg P) or pyrolysis of sludge (46-235 kWh/kg P). The competitiveness compared to mineral P (-4-22 kWh/kg P) depends on the mineral P source and production. For thermal processing, the energy demand derives mainly from energy needed to dry sludge and supplement fuel used during sludge incineration together with chemicals required to extract P. Local conditions, such as available waste heat for drying, can make one of these scenarios preferable.
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| 5. |
- Sylwan, Ida
(author)
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Enskilt avlopp. Vilken teknik passar dina förutsättningar?
- 2011
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Denna broschyr ger dig tips om vilken teknik du kan välja när du ska anlägga nytt enskiltavlopp eller renovera ditt gamla. Du får möta Alma, Berit och Carl samt några av derasgrannar. Hitta den person i broschyren vars förutsättningar mest liknar dina egna. Då fårdu en fingervisning om vad du kan välja för lösning till ditt eget avlopp. Tänk på att detär många olika faktorer som spelar in i vilken avloppslösning som fungerar på just dintomt, alla olika förutsättningar är inte möjliga att ta upp i denna broschyr.
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| 6. |
- Sylwan, Ida
(author)
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Frivilligt certifieringssystem Framtagandet av ett förslag till certifieringsregel för frivillig certifiering av små avlopp
- 2012
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- JTI (Institutet för jordbruks- och miljöteknik) har i samarbete med SP (Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut) initierat ett arbete för att utveckla en frivillig certifiering för små avloppsanläggningar, i form av P-märkning (SP:s eget kvalitetsmärke). Den frivilliga certifieringen ska bygga på de befintliga standarder som finns för förtillverkade och platsbyggda små avloppsanläggningar (EN 12566, del 1, 3 och 4), tekniska rapporter (EN 12566, del 2 och 5) samt kommande standarder (EN 12566, del 6 och 7). En viktig del i projektet har varit att hämta in synpunkter från bransch-och myndighetsrepresentanter. De synpunkter som inhämtats under projektet kan sammanfattas i följande punkter:Personcertifiering:o Hos branschen finns i dagsläget ingen stor efterfrågan efter en personcertifiering. Detta bedöms därför svårt att införa i dagsläget. JTI:s mål är att bevaka eventuell utveckling av intresset för personcertifiering.Certifiering av produkter:o Från branschens sida finns både de företag som är positivt inställda och de som anser att en frivillig certifiering är överflödig.o Det finns tveksamheter från Boverkets sida gällande om ett frivilligt certifieringssystem som inkluderar produkter som kan CE-märkas är förenligt med europeisk lagstiftning. SP för en generell diskussion med Boverket gällande P-märkning.Ytterligare arbete kommer att krävas för att utveckla ett färdigt system. Slutgiltigt beslut om certifieringssystemet tas sedan i SP:s certifieringsstyrelse.
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| 8. |
- Sylwan, Ida, 1984-, et al.
(author)
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Heavy metal sorption by sludge-derived biochar with focus on Pb2+ sorption capacity at µg/L concentrations
- 2020
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In: Processes. - : MDPI AG. - 2227-9717. ; 8:12, s. 1-23
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Municipal wastewater management causes metal exposure to humans and the environment. Targeted metal removal is suggested to reduce metal loads during sludge reuse and release of effluent to receiving waters. Biochar is considered a low-cost sorbent with high sorption capacity for heavy metals. In this study, heavy metal sorption to sludge-derived biochar (SDBC) was investigated through batch experiments and modeling and compared to that of wood-derived biochar (WDBC) and activated carbon (AC). The aim was to investigate the sorption efficiency at metal concentrations comparable to those in municipal wastewater (<1 mg/L), for which experimental data are lacking and isotherm models have not been verified in previous works. Pb2+ removal of up to 83% was demonstrated at concentrations comparable to those in municipal wastewater, at pH 2. SDBC showed superior Pb2+ sorption capacity (maximum ~2 mg/g at pH 2) compared to WDBC and AC (<0 and (3.5 ± 0.4) × 10−3 mg/g, respectively); however, at the lowest concentration investigated (0.005 mg/L), SDBC released Pb2+. The potential risk of release of other heavy metals (i.e., Ni, Cd, Cu, and Zn) needs to be further examined. The sorption capacity of SDBC over a metal concentration span of 0.005–150 mg Pb2+/L could be predicted with the Redlich– Peterson model. It was shown that experimental data at concentrations comparable to those in municipal wastewater are necessary to accurately model and predict the sorption capacity of SDBC at these concentrations.
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| 9. |
- Sylwan, Ida, et al.
(author)
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Potential of sludge-derived char as a metal sorbent during primary settling of municipal wastewater
- 2023
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In: Environmental Technology & Innovation. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2352-1864. ; 32
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Reuse of nutrients and water from municipal wastewater is attracting increasing attention. However, pollutants such as toxic metals should be minimised. This study investigated the potential for reducing metal concentrations in wastewater effluent and secondary sludge by introducing sludge-derived char (SDC) as a sorbent in primary settling. Batch experiments, performed in aqueous metal solution and wastewater, showed that Cu and Ni removal was significantly reduced in wastewater containing dissolved organic matter (68% and 40%, respectively), compared to metal solution (>99% and 99%, respectively). Modelling of primary settling indicated Cd and Cu removal enhancement with SDC addition (from 39%–79% and 30%–43%, respectively). Smaller effects were observed for Pb, Cr, and Zn. An increased risk of Ni concentration in primary settler effluent was identified (−53% removal). These results demonstrate the challenges of implementing SDC as a sorbent for real wastewater.
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| 10. |
- Sylwan, Ida, et al.
(author)
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Primary and digested sludge-derived char as a Cd sorbent : Feasibility of local utilisation
- 2023
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In: Water Science and Technology. - : IWA Publishing. - 0273-1223 .- 1996-9732. ; 88:11, s. 2917-2930
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic metal, occurring in municipal wastewater and stormwater as well as in wastewater from various industries. Char derived from the pyrolysis of municipal sewage sludge has the potential to be a low-cost sorption media for the removal of Cd. However, the balance between possible local char production and demand has not been assessed previously. In this study, the Cd sorption capacities of chars derived from primary (PSC) and secondary sludge (DSC), as well as the feasibility of char production for Cd sorbent purposes, and the pyrolysis energy balance were evaluated. Results showed that the sorption capacity of PSC (9.1 mg/g; 800 C, 70 min) was superior to that of DSC (6.0 mg/g; 800 C, 70 min), and increased with a higher pyrolysis temperature. Pyrolysis of primary sludge had a more favourable energy balance compared with the pyrolysis of digested sludge; however, when accounting for loss of biogas production the energy balance of primary sludge pyrolysis was negative. Assessment of the regional demand (Västeras, Sweden) indicated that PSC or DSC may cover the local Cd sorbent demand. However, it was estimated that large char volumes would be required, thus making the use of DSC/PSC less feasible.
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