| 1. |
- Bai, Emilien, et al.
(author)
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A Reward System for Collaborative Care of Elderly based on Distributed Ledger Technologies
- 2017
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In: UBICOMM 2017. - : IARA. ; , s. 46-55
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents the design and implementation of a reward system for collaborative care of elderly based on distributed ledger technologies. The work is motivated by the demographic change, where an aging population consequently increases the need for care. This causes a great tension in our society, as care resources become increasingly constrained, both regarding costs and availability of care staff. Much of the daily care of the elderly is today done by family members (spouses, children) and friends, often on a voluntarily basis, which adds to the tension. The core idea of this work is to help broaden the involvement of people in caring for our elderly, enabled by a system for collaborative care. The proposed system benefits from recent advances in distributed ledger technologies, which similarly to digital currencies, are build on the ability for mutual agreements between people who do not know each other. The system also benefits from recent gamification techniques to motivate people to collaborate on a larger scale through performing simple daily tasks. The system builds on rewards automatically given when these smart contracts are fulfilled, a gamification technique that is believed to maintain motivation of the volunteers. In this paper, we thus describe a reward system designed to connect elderly and volunteers by mutual agreements implemented as smart contracts.
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| 2. |
- Bai, Emilien, et al.
(author)
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Supporting Collaborative Care of Elderly through a Reward System based on Distributed Ledger Technologies
- 2018
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In: International Journal on Advances in Life Sciences. - : International Academy, Research and Industry Association (IARIA). - 1942-2660. ; 10:1-2, s. 90-102
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper discusses supporting collaborative care of elderly through a reward system based on distributed ledger technologies. The design and implementation of such a reward system that connect elderly and volunteers by mutual agreements involve technologies such as smart contracts and blockchains. The work is motivated by the demographic change, where an aging population consequently increases the need for care. This causes a great tension in our society, as care resources become increasingly constrained, both regarding costs and availability of care staff. Much of the daily care of the elderly is today done by family members (spouses, children) and friends, often on a voluntarily basis, which adds to the tension. The core idea of this work is to help broaden the involvement of people in caring for our elderly, enabled by a system for collaborative care. The proposed system benefits from recent advances in distributed ledger technologies, which similarly to digital currencies, are build on the ability for mutual agreements between people who do not know each other. The system also benefits from recent gamification techniques to motivate people to collaborate on a larger scale through performing simple daily tasks. The proposed system benefits from inherent distributed ledger technologies advantages, such as a high level of decentralization, thus a high availability, and strong data consistency. These advantages make it interesting to develop the possible links between blockchains and the outside world to allow for a higher level of automation and distribution of services such as collaborative care. New models for distributed ledger technologies, such as Iota tangles or the Swirld platform, may however scale and perform better than blockchains. These should thus be considered for a full implementation and test of the system. In summary, this paper presents a novel framework and prototype implementation of a reward system supporting collaborative care of elderly, that is based on distributed ledger technologies.
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| 3. |
- Bodin, Ulf, et al.
(author)
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Application-scoped Access Control for the Construction Industry
- 2021
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In: 2021 26th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA). - : IEEE. ; , s. 1-8
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The construction industry is characterized by its extensive and dynamic collaborations between contractors providing various services and expertise. In such eco-systems, the secure sharing of information, data and equipment challenges the access control needs to be application agnostic. Furthermore, it needs fine-grained access policies including means for abstraction to ease administration, and support for delegated authorization in Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) based systems. In this paper, we explore the use of delegated access using OAuth 2.0 with Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) for the collaborative sharing of equipment at construction sites. In particular, we investigate the use of contextual attributes to capture the dynamic aspects, such as location and urgency, in the booking of construction lifts. Through this study, we propose a solution based on the IoT Application-scoped Access Control as a Service (IAACaaS) architecture model combined with NIST Next Generation Access Control (NGAC). We present an architecture for a general Identity and Access Management (IAM) system for the construction industry, and provide a design and guide for implementation of this architecture in terms how key functionalities should be captured as reusable micro-services. Moreover, we describe how these micro-services can be combined to make the system a general and reusable solution providing access control for collaborative sharing of data, information and equipment at construction sites.
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| 4. |
- Chiquito, Eric, et al.
(author)
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A multi-attribute auctioning system for the circular economy with Ricardian contracts
- 2022
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In: 2022 IEEE 20th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN). - : IEEE. - 9781728175683 ; , s. 435-441
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, we define a multi-attribute auctioning system for the circular economy and the trade of products, components and materials subject to recycling. The increasing popularity of auctioning systems for buying and selling goods has led to the adaptation of them to diverse and particular scenarios, many of which require support for attributes like delivery time, quality, etc. Such attributes allow for more explicit and precise negotiations than traditional auctioning systems where only price is taken into account. The circular economy concept replaces end-of-life with the reuse of various goods, aiming to keep as much value as possible of any asset. By allowing users to adjust attributes in multi-step negotiations according to their economic and ecological needs, better deals can be achieved. We address this potential with our multi-attribute, and multi-step auctioning system. The system is based on transparency and fairness principles, and addresses requirements for flexibility in what attributes can be used, and the need for a semi-transparent auctioning procedure. We present a winner determination approach based on scoring protocol based on weights for different input attributes. Our auctioning system uses a signature chain data structure to provide transaction traceability. We demonstrate using a generic example that the proposed system supports simple and flexible multi-attribute auctions.
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| 5. |
- Chiquito, Eric, et al.
(author)
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Automated usage control for secure data sharing based on Ricardian contracts
- 2022
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In: IECON 2022 – 48th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. - : IEEE.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Data is important for the industry to take advantage of digitalization, realize automation, assure quality, and more. Values from data are not only created individually by companies, but also in eco-systems in which data is shared among participating organizations. Secure data sharing is essential in such eco-systems to prevent unauthorized access and use of the data. Usage control extends traditional access control with restrictions concerned with requirements that pertain to data processing contractual obligations, rather than data access provisions only. Thus, usage control is relevant in the context of intellectual property protection, compliance with regulations, and digital rights management. This paper presents a method to negotiate contractual obligations and access provisions, and automatically enforce those provisions with access control. Finalized negotiations establish Ricardian contracts at two levels; a superordinate level with a connected subordinate level. These contracts contain provisions in terms of access control attributes. Using our implementation of a negotiation engine we demonstrate the automatic creation of NIST Next Generation Access Control (NGAC) access control policies. Our negotiation engine uses a lightweight model for the storage of an unforgeable and immutable log of the established contracts based on digital signatures and hashing.
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| 6. |
- Chiquito, Eric
(author)
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Decentralized Negotiations and Data Storage for the Circular Economy
- 2024
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The shift from traditional modes of operation characterized by manual or analog processes to digitalization represents a fundamental transformation in the way business manage their processes and interact with their customers. Digitalization brings refinement of existing workflows, improved efficiency, enhanced customer experience, and better collaboration within ecosystems. This benefits circularity and reusability, reduces the environmental impact and helps streamlining the supply chain process.The collaboration between diverse organizations with varying data requirements highlights the importance of both political and architectural decentralization as interacting parties may be cautious about sharing sensitive data or entrusting a third party with its processing. Political decentralization eliminates the need for a governing authority to establish trust among collaborating organizations. Architectural decentralization distributes data storage across various actors and defines and enforces access rights and ownership while simultaneously improving security by eliminating a single point of failure. Lately, blockchain systems using Smart Contracts have emerged as a popular approach for achieving decentralization. However, while these implementations offer decentralization, they may not always be the most efficient solution for decentralized systems.This doctoral thesis delves into the digitalization of existing systems, with a focus on decentralized negotiation mechanisms, data storage, and circularity. The work investigates how decentralized systems can effectively represent highly interconnected data to facilitate bidirectional traversal of relationships and proposes a proof-of-concept (PoC) implementation using Interplanetary File System. This work is extended to the realm of sustainability by examining digital product passports, showcasing their role in ensuring traceability and accountability throughout product lifecycles. An analysis of the state-of-the-art blockchain approaches for transitioning electronic auctions toward decentralized systems is presented. Based on this, a system design for a decentralized auction system based on blockchain and a PoC implementation using Hyperledger Fabric are proposed. Finally, the digitalization of agreements for the automatic representation of rights and obligations in price-only and multi-attribute electronic auctions and data sharing is analyzed.The main contributions of this thesis are (1) The use of state-of-the-art decentralized technologies for the bidirectional traceability of highly interconnected data in the context of sustainability. 2) The analysis and implementation of decentralized open-cry auction systems using blockchain technologies. (3) The use of Ricardian contracts for the representation of rights and obligations in electronic auctions and data sharing.
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| 7. |
- Chiquito, Eric
(author)
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Digitalized contract definition and negotiations for the agreement of rights and obligations in electronic auctions
- 2022
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Negotiations of different kinds are used to trade goods and services. Within these, the creation of a signed agreement or contract that is binding for the agreeing parties helps also the gathering of evidence that can be used in case of disputes and for adjudication. Traditionally, contracts are established on paper agreements that are signed by all the involved parties and by a law enforcement entity that ensure its legality in a court of law. These contracts have evolved with the introduction of Information Technology (IT) where the negotiation of goods and services is mainly virtual and/or automatized. The consistency and processing time of the computers allow for negotiations to be more efficient than ever. Digitalized negotiations allow for auctioning systems providing a mechanism to efficiently match demand and supply in the exchange of goods and services. Such suctioning systems allow multiple users to iteratively or non-iteratively compete against one another to achieve allocative efficiency. Lately, digitalized auctions are implemented using Blockchain systems with the use of Smart Contracts to archieve decentralization. These are implemented as a digital script that may encode any set of rules written as code, with the validity of the code being enforced by the Blockchain's consensus mechanism. These Smart Contracts computations however tend to be expensive when executed and limited by the blocksize. This thesis studies the creation of digitized negotiation protocols and contract definition following the needs of traditional trading and auctioning systems. We investigate the use of Ricardian Contracts for flexible representation of rights and obligations of entities in the context of circular economy in both single and multi-attribute auctions. We analyze the implication of digitized agreements in the context of data sharing. Furthermore, we analyze how usage control policies can be represented into Ricardian Contracts in the context of intellectual property protection, compliance with regulations, and digital rights management.Finally, we analyze the properties that a system that supports the mentioned models should have and how to implement it in the context of distributed auctioning systems by contrasting available state-of-the-art. The main contributions of the thesis are: (1) The creation of a multi-attribute auctioning protocol for the circular economy which implements Ricardian Contracts for the representation of rights and obligations. (2) A method to negotiate obligations and access provisions with multi-level Ricardian contracts, and automatically enforce those provisions with access control. (3) A state-of-art analysis on distributed and decentralized auctioning systems where the key properties of auctioning systems are identified and are evaluated against the current implementations.
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| 8. |
- Chiquito, Eric, et al.
(author)
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RAP: A Ricardian Auctioning Protocol for Demand-Supply Matching using Open Bids
- 2021
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In: IECON 2021 – 47th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. - : IEEE.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, we define an auction protocol and implementation of a decentralized and distributed auctioning platform for demand-supply matching of components and materials subject to recycling. Auctioning is the process of buying and selling goods or services by offering them up for bid, taking bids, and then selling the item to a winner according to preset rules. Some auction types relies on sealed-bids while others implement an open-bid procedure that allows for multiple bids before a known or unknown deadline. The English auction and its variants is most common type. It relies on that the current highest bid is always available to potential bidders. Online auction platforms are nowadays used to trade various services and goods. We address the iterative negotiations in form of auction bids aiming at signed contractual agreements stated in legal prose and captured by Ricardian contracts. We evaluate our model towards requirements including privacy, transparency and fairness in terms of acknowledged publishing of highest bids and the ordered arrival of individual bids. In addition, we demonstrate the mechanisms for distributed storage of cryptographically signed Ricardian contracts, omitting the need for trusting the auctioneer or relying on a trusted third party for this storage.
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| 9. |
- Comas-González, Zhoe, et al.
(author)
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Technology Contribution to Improve Autistic Children Life Quality
- 2020
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In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science. - Cham : Springer. - 0302-9743 .- 1611-3349. ; 12462 LNAI, s. 176-185
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To review published literature on the use of technology and how it has improved autistic children life style. A systematic review of the English literature was performed using the PRISMA guideline. Papers indexed in WOS and Scopus databases were included, adjusted to a timeline between 2016 and 2020 and focused on mobile technology, interventions, improvement of social behavior and communication and autism, aimed to describe the most used mechanism to improve autistic life style. Thirty two (32) papers were included in the review. We obtained 14 papers on the Scopus database and 18 on the WOS database. The majority of studies evidenced the use of virtual reality, mobile devices, video modelling and robots as the most common applications for autism therapies. Technology has caused an improvement in autistic children life quality. The development of mobile applications, virtual reality applications and robots have showed a positive impact reflected in the performance of daily activities and a better understanding of how they feel, how to behave, how to express themselves and interact with others. Technology gives the opportunity to monitor children status; and offers adaptability, safety, and accuracy of the information. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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| 10. |
- Cruciani, Frederico, et al.
(author)
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Automatic annotation for human activity recognition in free living using a smartphone
- 2018
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In: Sensors. - : MDPI. - 1424-8220. ; 18:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Data annotation is a time-consuming process posing major limitations to the development of Human Activity Recognition (HAR) systems. The availability of a large amount of labeled data is required for supervised Machine Learning (ML) approaches, especially in the case of online and personalized approaches requiring user specific datasets to be labeled. The availability of such datasets has the potential to help address common problems of smartphone-based HAR, such as inter-person variability. In this work, we present (i) an automatic labeling method facilitating the collection of labeled datasets in free-living conditions using the smartphone, and (ii) we investigate the robustness of common supervised classification approaches under instances of noisy data. We evaluated the results with a dataset consisting of 38 days of manually labeled data collected in free living. The comparison between the manually and the automatically labeled ground truth demonstrated that it was possible to obtain labels automatically with an 80–85% average precision rate. Results obtained also show how a supervised approach trained using automatically generated labels achieved an 84% f-score (using Neural Networks and Random Forests); however, results also demonstrated how the presence of label noise could lower the f-score up to 64–74% depending on the classification approach (Nearest Centroid and Multi-Class Support Vector Machine).
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