| 1. |
- Weinstein, John N., et al.
(författare)
-
The cancer genome atlas pan-cancer analysis project
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 45:10, s. 1113-1120
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network has profiled and analyzed large numbers of human tumors to discover molecular aberrations at the DNA, RNA, protein and epigenetic levels. The resulting rich data provide a major opportunity to develop an integrated picture of commonalities, differences and emergent themes across tumor lineages. The Pan-Cancer initiative compares the first 12 tumor types profiled by TCGA. Analysis of the molecular aberrations and their functional roles across tumor types will teach us how to extend therapies effective in one cancer type to others with a similar genomic profile. © 2013 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 2. |
- Holleboom, Adriaan G, et al.
(författare)
-
Heterozygosity for a Loss-of-Function Mutation in GALNT2 Improves Plasma Triglyceride Clearance in Man
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Cell Metabolism. - : Elsevier. - 1550-4131 .- 1932-7420. ; 14:6, s. 811-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies have identified GALNT2 as a candidate gene in lipid metabolism, but it is not known how the encoded enzyme ppGalNAc-T2, which contributes to the initiation of mucin-type O-linked glycosylation, mediates this effect. In two probands with elevated plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and reduced triglycerides, we identified a mutation in GALNT2. It is shown that carriers have improved postprandial triglyceride clearance, which is likely attributable to attenuated glycosylation of apolipoprotein (apo) C-III, as observed in their plasma. This protein inhibits lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which hydrolyses plasma triglycerides. We show that an apoC-III-based peptide is a substrate for ppGalNAc-T2 while its glycosylation by the mutant enzyme is impaired. In addition, neuraminidase treatment of apoC-III which removes the sialic acids from its glycan chain decreases its potential to inhibit LPL. Combined, these data suggest that ppGalNAc-T2 can affect lipid metabolism through apoC-III glycosylation, thereby establishing GALNT2 as a lipid-modifying gene.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Kivimäki, Mika, et al.
(författare)
-
Cognitive stimulation in the workplace, plasma proteins, and risk of dementia : three analyses of population cohort studies
- 2021
-
Ingår i: The BMJ. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1756-1833. ; 374
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between cognitively stimulating work and subsequent risk of dementia and to identify protein pathways for this association.DESIGN: Multicohort study with three sets of analyses.SETTING: United Kingdom, Europe, and the United States.PARTICIPANTS: Three associations were examined: cognitive stimulation and dementia risk in 107 896 participants from seven population based prospective cohort studies from the IPD-Work consortium (individual participant data meta-analysis in working populations); cognitive stimulation and proteins in a random sample of 2261 participants from one cohort study; and proteins and dementia risk in 13 656 participants from two cohort studies.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cognitive stimulation was measured at baseline using standard questionnaire instruments on active versus passive jobs and at baseline and over time using a job exposure matrix indicator. 4953 proteins in plasma samples were scanned. Follow-up of incident dementia varied between 13.7 to 30.1 years depending on the cohort. People with dementia were identified through linked electronic health records and repeated clinical examinations.RESULTS: During 1.8 million person years at risk, 1143 people with dementia were recorded. The risk of dementia was found to be lower for participants with high compared with low cognitive stimulation at work (crude incidence of dementia per 10 000 person years 4.8 in the high stimulation group and 7.3 in the low stimulation group, age and sex adjusted hazard ratio 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.65 to 0.92, heterogeneity in cohort specific estimates I2=0%, P=0.99). This association was robust to additional adjustment for education, risk factors for dementia in adulthood (smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, job strain, obesity, hypertension, and prevalent diabetes at baseline), and cardiometabolic diseases (diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke) before dementia diagnosis (fully adjusted hazard ratio 0.82, 95% confidence interval 0.68 to 0.98). The risk of dementia was also observed during the first 10 years of follow-up (hazard ratio 0.60, 95% confidence interval 0.37 to 0.95) and from year 10 onwards (0.79, 0.66 to 0.95) and replicated using a repeated job exposure matrix indicator of cognitive stimulation (hazard ratio per 1 standard deviation increase 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.69 to 0.86). In analysis controlling for multiple testing, higher cognitive stimulation at work was associated with lower levels of proteins that inhibit central nervous system axonogenesis and synaptogenesis: slit homologue 2 (SLIT2, fully adjusted β -0.34, P<0.001), carbohydrate sulfotransferase 12 (CHSTC, fully adjusted β -0.33, P<0.001), and peptidyl-glycine α-amidating monooxygenase (AMD, fully adjusted β -0.32, P<0.001). These proteins were associated with increased dementia risk, with the fully adjusted hazard ratio per 1 SD being 1.16 (95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.28) for SLIT2, 1.13 (1.00 to 1.27) for CHSTC, and 1.04 (0.97 to 1.13) for AMD.CONCLUSIONS: The risk of dementia in old age was found to be lower in people with cognitively stimulating jobs than in those with non-stimulating jobs. The findings that cognitive stimulation is associated with lower levels of plasma proteins that potentially inhibit axonogenesis and synaptogenesis and increase the risk of dementia might provide clues to underlying biological mechanisms.
|
|
| 5. |
- Kivimäki, Mika, et al.
(författare)
-
Overweight, obesity, and risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity : pooled analysis of individual-level data for 120 813 adults from 16 cohort studies from the USA and Europe
- 2017
-
Ingår i: The Lancet Public Health. - : The Lancet Publishing Group. - 2468-2667. ; 2:6, s. e277-e285
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Although overweight and obesity have been studied in relation to individual cardiometabolic diseases, their association with risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity is poorly understood. Here we aimed to establish the risk of incident cardiometabolic multimorbidity (ie, at least two from: type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and stroke) in adults who are overweight and obese compared with those who are a healthy weight.METHODS: ) to achieve sufficient case numbers for analysis. The main outcome was cardiometabolic multimorbidity (ie, developing at least two from: type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and stroke). Incident cardiometabolic multimorbidity was ascertained via resurvey or linkage to electronic medical records (including hospital admissions and death). We analysed data from each cohort separately using logistic regression and then pooled cohort-specific estimates using random-effects meta-analysis.FINDINGS: Participants were 120 813 adults (mean age 51·4 years, range 35-103; 71 445 women) who did not have diabetes, coronary heart disease, or stroke at study baseline (1973-2012). During a mean follow-up of 10·7 years (1995-2014), we identified 1627 cases of multimorbidity. After adjustment for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, compared with individuals with a healthy weight, the risk of developing cardiometabolic multimorbidity in overweight individuals was twice as high (odds ratio [OR] 2·0, 95% CI 1·7-2·4; p<0·0001), almost five times higher for individuals with class I obesity (4·5, 3·5-5·8; p<0·0001), and almost 15 times higher for individuals with classes II and III obesity combined (14·5, 10·1-21·0; p<0·0001). This association was noted in men and women, young and old, and white and non-white participants, and was not dependent on the method of exposure assessment or outcome ascertainment. In analyses of different combinations of cardiometabolic conditions, odds ratios associated with classes II and III obesity were 2·2 (95% CI 1·9-2·6) for vascular disease only (coronary heart disease or stroke), 12·0 (8·1-17·9) for vascular disease followed by diabetes, 18·6 (16·6-20·9) for diabetes only, and 29·8 (21·7-40·8) for diabetes followed by vascular disease.INTERPRETATION: The risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity increases as BMI increases; from double in overweight people to more than ten times in severely obese people compared with individuals with a healthy BMI. Our findings highlight the need for clinicians to actively screen for diabetes in overweight and obese patients with vascular disease, and pay increased attention to prevention of vascular disease in obese individuals with diabetes.FUNDING: NordForsk, Medical Research Council, Cancer Research UK, Finnish Work Environment Fund, and Academy of Finland.
|
|
| 6. |
- Song, X, et al.
(författare)
-
Relationship between body mass index and mortality among Europeans
- 2012
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 66, s. 156-165
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Objectives: To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and mortality from various causes.Subjects/Methods: Data of 72 947 European men and 62 798 women aged 24-99 years at baseline were collaboratively analyzed. Both absolute and relative mortality risks were estimated within each BMI categories. The hazard ratio was estimated using Cox regression analysis adjusting for age, cohort and smoking status.Results: Over a median follow-up of 16.8 years, 29 071 participants died, 13 502 from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 8748 from cancers of all types. All-cause and cancer mortality showed a U-shaped relationship: decreased first, leveled off, and then increased with increasing BMI with the lowest mortality risk approximately between 23.0 and 28.0 kg/m(2) of BMI in men and 21.0 and 28.0 kg/m(2) in women. The U-shaped relationship held for all-cause mortality but disappeared for cancer mortality among non-smokers. The CVD mortality was constant until a BMI of approximately 28.0 kg/m(2) and then increased gradually in both men and women, which was independent of age, cohort and smoking status.Conclusions: A U-shaped relationship of BMI with all-cause mortality but a graded relationship with CVD mortality at BMI >28.0 kg/m(2) was detected. The relationship between cancer mortality and BMI largely depended on smoking status, and need to be further investigated with site-specific cancers.
|
|
| 7. |
- Koerkamp, M. G., et al.
(författare)
-
Dissection of transient oxidative stress response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by using DNA microarrays
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Molecular Biology of the Cell. - 1059-1524 .- 1939-4586. ; 13:8, s. 2783-2794
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Yeast cells were grown in glucose-limited chemostat cultures and forced to switch to a new carbon source, the fatty acid oleate. Alterations in gene expression were monitored using DNA microarrays combined with bioinformatics tools, among which was included the recently developed algorithm REDUCE. Immediately after the switch to oleate, a transient and very specific stress response was observed, followed by the up-regulation of genes encoding peroxisomal enzymes required for fatty acid metabolism. The stress response included up-regulation of genes coding for enzymes to keep thioredoxin and glutathione reduced, as well as enzymes required for the detoxification of reactive oxygen species. Among the genes coding for various isoenzymes involved in these processes, only a specific subset was expressed. Not the general stress transcription factors Msn2 and Msn4, but rather the specific factor Yap1p seemed to be the main regulator of the stress response. We ascribe the initiation of the oxidative stress response to a combination of poor redox flux and fatty acid-induced uncoupling of the respiratory chain during the metabolic reprogramming phase.
|
|
| 8. |
- Song, Xin, et al.
(författare)
-
Obesity attenuates gender differences in cardiovascular mortality
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Cardiovascular Diabetology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2840. ; 13, s. 144-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To estimate cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in relation to obesity and gender. Methods: Data from 11 prospective cohorts from four European countries including 23 629 men and 21 965 women, aged 24 to 99 years, with a median follow-up of 7.9 years were analyzed. Hazards ratios (HR) for CVD mortality in relation to baseline body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models with age as the timescale. Results: Men had higher CVD mortality than women in all four BMI categories (<25.0, 25.0-29.9, 30.0-34.9 and >= 35.0 kg/m(2)). Compared with the lowest BMI category in women, multivariable adjusted HRs (95% confidence intervals) for higher BMI categories are 1.0 (0.8-1.4), 1.6 (1.1-2.1) and 2.8 (2.0-3.8) in women and 2.8 (2.2-3.6), 3.1 (2.5-3.9), 3.8 (2.9-4.9) and 5.4 (3.8-7.7) in men, respectively. Similar findings were observed for abdominal obesity defined by WC, WHR or WHtR. The gender difference was slightly smaller in obese than in non-obese individuals; but the interaction was statistically significant only between gender and WC (p = 0.02), and WHtR (p = 0.01). None of the interaction terms was significant among non-diabetic individuals. Conclusions: Men had higher CVD mortality than women across categories of anthropometric measures of obesity. The gender difference was attenuated in obese individuals, which warrants further investigation.
|
|
