| 1. |
- Krishan, Gopal, et al.
(författare)
-
Isotopes (6(18)O,6D and H-3) variations in groundwater with emphasis on salinization in the state of Punjab, India
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 789
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The state of Punjab has a dominant agrarian economy and is considered India's bread basket. However, it is now under the problem of falling agro-economy primarily because of pervasive depletion of groundwater levels and deteriorating groundwater quality in south-west Punjab, but increasing salinity is a major concern. The irrigation requirements of crops are fulfilled by groundwater and canal water but the introduction of canal irrigation has led to waterlogging and subsequent salinization rendering large fertile-land areas becoming unproductive mainly in the south-western part of Punjab. There was an apprehension that excessive withdrawal of groundwater might have caused a reversal of natural groundwater flow pattern that might have caused ingress of saline water into fresh groundwater region of central Punjab. To address the apprehension related to the rise in groundwater salinity and its subsequent ingression in the fresh-water zone and suggest suitable management solutions, a study was undertaken to analyse the data related to salinity, isotopes, land-use and land cover (LULC) along with field and laboratory experimental results. The depth-wise isotope analysis shows that there is a large variation in isotopic signatures of shallow and intermediate aquifers and it decreases with the depth of aquifers (150-250 m). It appears that very deep groundwater (>250 m) is relatively isolated and does not show a large variation or mixing effect. Tritium analysis shows that dynamic groundwater is actively recharged through canal, river, and/or rain. The presence of modern groundwater at deeper depth indicates a good interconnection between shallow and deep groundwater. Interpretations of the results show that the canal is the main source of groundwater recharge in south-west Punjab and the evaporation process is responsible for increasing the salinity hazard. In the central parts of Punjab, groundwater and rain are the main sources of groundwater recharge, while rain is the main source of groundwater recharge in the Kandi area. In the south-west Punjab, some primary salinity has formed as a result of mineral dissolution which has further increased due to evaporative enrichment.
|
|
| 2. |
- Krishan, Gopal, et al.
(författare)
-
Occurrences of potentially toxic trace metals in groundwater of the state of Punjab in northern India
- 2021
-
Ingår i: GROUNDWATER FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-801X. ; 15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In present study, a total of 275 representative water samples (263 groundwater, 8 canal water, 2 samples from Sutlej River and 2 samples from Buddha Nala) were collected and analysed. The sampling was carried out in the month of August, September, and October of 2019. These samples were analysed for the Arsenic (As-total), Aluminium (Al), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni), and Lead (Pb). The result found that 3.8 % of the analysed groundwater samples have As concentrations above acceptable limit (10 mu g/L) and similar to 0.38 % samples exceeded the permissible limit of 50 mu g/L. Iron concentration exceeded the acceptable limit of 0.3 mg/L for drinking water in similar to 14.83 % groundwater samples. The mean concentration of iron was found 252 mu g/L and 3810 mu g/L for groundwater and canal water, respectively. It was observed that some samples have concentrations more than acceptable limits in the cities of Ludhiana, SBS Nagar, Rupnagar, SAS Nagar districts and in parts of Mansa, Amristar and Gurdaspur districts of the state of Punjab. Iron was found exceeding the permissible limit in the villages like, Moran wara (Firozepur), Churian (Firozepur), Manewal (Ludhiana), PandKhokhan (Muktsar) and Pakki Kalan (Faridkot).
|
|
| 3. |
- Bhatnagar, Shailesh, et al.
(författare)
-
Delineation of aquifers favorable for groundwater development using Schlumberger configuration resistivity survey techniques in Rajouri district of Jammu and Kashmir, India
- 2022
-
Ingår i: GROUNDWATER FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-801X. ; 17
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The primary goal of this research is to demarcate aquifers favorable for groundwater development in the border district of Rajouri, in the Union Territory of Jammu, and Kashmir, in order to secure a long-term water supply. The Schlumberger configuration resistivity survey technique Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) is used to investigate the characteristics of the subsurface layer and the potential of groundwater by using 30 VES sites in order to establish the optimum sites for digging a successful borehole for the qualitative and quantitative in-terpretations in the study area. It is determined that real resistivity values of subsurface geoelectric layers less than 35 Ohm m indicate the existence of finer sediments, whilst moderate resistivity values ranging from 35 to 100 Ohm m suggest the presence of coarser sediments favorable for groundwater development. The resistivity value between 100 and 200 Ohm m indicates weathered formation, 200-400 Ohm m, indicates fractured rock and more than 400 Ohm m represents hard formation which is devoid of any kind of groundwater development. The bedrock resistivity, nature of the curve, and overburden thickness are the parameters utilized to choose a good site for drilling tests. Based on the criteria, it was determined that nine VES sites (VES-2, VES-3, VES-4, VES -6, VES-17, VES-18, VES-19, VES-28, and VES-30) are appropriate for the installation of a tube well for irrigation and domestic purposes. The 8 sites (VES-14, VES-15, VES-20, VES-21, VES-22, VES-23, VES-24, and VES-27) were not suitable because of compact formation and harder rocks whereas the 13 VES sites (VES-1, VES-5, VES-7, VES-8, VES-9, VES-10, VES-11, VES-12, VES-13, VES-16, VES-25, VES-26, VES-29) are partially suitable for groundwater development and only suitable for personal uses such as hand pump of shallow depth.
|
|
| 4. |
- Guptha, Guru Chythanya, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessing the role of SuDS in resilience enhancement of urban drainage system: A case study of Gurugram City, India
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Urban Climate. - : Elsevier. - 2212-0955. ; 41
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing frequency of urban floods worldwide due to rapid urbanization, frequent climatic extremes, or poor drainage conditions necessitates evaluating the performance of the urban drainage systems (UDS) and enhancing their resilience. In this study, a comprehensive assessment of the UDS of Gurugram City, India, through the concepts of sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) is presented. A stormwater management model (SWMM) was set up to model the existing UDS response to a design storm of a 5-year return period. The increase in percentage imperviousness (due to urbanization) and rainfall intensity (due to climate change) are considered the governing factors for functional failures. The results revealed climate change to be a more severe threat to UDS than urbanization, while their combinations can further worsen the repercussions. The structural failure was modelled using the single link-failure scenarios, where 3 and 12 conduits possessed low resilience and no resilience (severe), respectively. The role of SuDS in enhancing the resilience of UDS was assessed by simulating all these functional and structural failure scenarios for three SuDS-implemented conditions, i.e., only infiltration trenches (SuDSIT), only retention ponds (SuDSRP), and both of them together (SuDSIT+RP). The SuDS abated the flood magnitudes, delayed the time to peak flow, and stored an additional volume of water within the catchment, thereby justifying their efficacy to mitigate the pluvial flood and enhance the resilience of UDS. The findings of this study encourage implementing SuDS over the developing countries to bring down the frequency of urban floods.
|
|
| 5. |
- Guptha, Guru Chythanya, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of an urban drainage system and its resilience using remote sensing and GIS
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment. - : Elsevier. - 2352-9385. ; 23
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing number of pluvial floods due to extreme climatic events or poor maintenance of the drainage networks urge for assessing the performance of the urban drainage system (UDS). This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the UDS of Gurugram City, India. While the limited availability of sub-hourly precipitation and finer resolution geospatial data pose major challenges in the detailed analyses through Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), it was circumvented by utilizing the high-resolution remotely sensed datasets viz., IMERG (half-hourly precipitation data from 2000 to 2019), ALOS PALSAR (Digital Elevation Model) and Sentinel-2 (land use/land cover). Functional failure scenarios (i.e., the combinations of climate change and urbanization) were simulated to assess the impacts on the resilience of the UDS. The modelling results showed that individually, climate change would impose a more serious threat than urbanization, whereas their combinations would significantly hamper the resilience of the UDS. The structural failure (only single link-failure) scenarios were analyzed, and 11 out of 25 conduits were identified to be non-resilient. The study highlights the importance of the readily available remote sensing datasets, which fill the gap of non-availability of ground-based datasets at desirable resolutions, especially in developing countries.
|
|
| 6. |
- Roy, Sagarika, et al.
(författare)
-
A geospatial approach for understanding the spatio-temporal variability and projection of future trend in groundwater availability in the Tawi basin, Jammu, India
- 2023
-
Ingår i: GROUNDWATER FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-801X. ; 21, s. 100912-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The overexploitation of groundwater in the foothills of the Himalayas at Jammu has led in a steady decline of groundwater levels in the recent years. The causes of the groundwater scarcity, however, is unknown due to a lack of long-term trend analysis of groundwater monitoring and scientific investigations. Therefore, the objective of this research is to investigate the groundwater variability in the alluvial aquifers of Tawi River basin of the Jammu district by applying a non-parametric approach using Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope approach. In addition, a stochastic seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was also used for forecasting time series groundwater level. The results revealed that during the pre-monsoon (PRM) season, 66.6% of the monitoring wells suffered groundwater decreases, compared to 53% during the post-monsoon (POM) season across the whole study area. The steepest slope was found in the Kandi belt with maximum water table declined to 26 m below ground level (bgl) in 2018 compared to 8.44 m bgl in 2009 with an average rate of decline of 1.109 m/yr in PRM season. Siwalik region reported a decline of groundwater level at the rate of 0.173 m/yr and 0.27 m/yr in PRM and POM respectively. However, water table in Sirowal region improved marginally in PRM and POM season with a mean raise of 0.05 m/yr and 0.08 m/yr respectively. According to the time series forecasting by stochastic simulation, if the current situation continues, the groundwater level in the Kandi region would decline by 9.46 m and 9.38 m respectively, over the observed values in 2018 to reach a level of 27.82 and 24.38 m bgl in PRM and POM respectively by 2025. The spatio-temporal analysis showed that the groundwater extraction in the aquifers of Kandi region was higher than that of the Siwalik and Sirowal region. The spatiotemporal trend and projection of groundwater levels is quite helpful in identifying the most vulnerable places, as well as addressing the current and future condition of groundwater levels for optimal resource planning and management of groundwater resources in the sustainable ways.
|
|
| 7. |
- Swain, Sabyasachi, et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of climate change on groundwater hydrology: a comprehensive review and current status of the Indian hydrogeology
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Applied water science. - : Springer. - 2190-5487 .- 2190-5495. ; 12:6
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Groundwater is the second largest store of freshwater in the world. The sustainability of the ecosystem is largely dependent on groundwater availability, and groundwater has already been under tremendous pressure to fulfill human needs owing to anthropogenic activities around various parts of the world. The footprints of human activities can be witnessed in terms of looming climate change, water pollution, and changes in available water resources. This paper provides a comprehensive view of the linkage between groundwater, climate system, and anthropogenic activities, with a focus on the Indian region. The significant prior works addressing the groundwater-induced response on the climatic system and the impacts of climate on groundwater through natural and human-instigated processes are reviewed. The condition of groundwater quality in India with respect to various physicochemical, heavy metal and biological contamination is discussed. The utility of remote sensing and GIS in groundwater-related studies is discussed, focusing on Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) applications over the Indian region. GRACE-based estimates of terrestrial water storage have been instrumental in numerous groundwater studies in recent times. Based on the literature review, the sustainable practices adopted for optimum utilization of groundwater for different purposes and the possible groundwater-based adaptation strategies for climate change are also enunciated.
|
|
