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- Catoire, MilSNe, et al.
(author)
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Fatty acid-inducible ANGPTL4 governs lipid metabolic response to exercise
- 2014
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In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 111:11, s. E1043-E1052
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Physical activity increases energy metabolism in exercising muscle. Whether acute exercise elicits metabolic changes in nonexercising muscles remains unclear. We show that one of the few genes that is more highly induced in nonexercising muscle than in exercising human muscle during acute exercise encodes angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4), an inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase-mediated plasma triglyceride clearance. Using a combination of human, animal, and in vitro data, we show that induction of ANGPTL4 in nonexercising muscle is mediated by elevated plasma free fatty acids via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta, presumably leading to reduced local uptake of plasma triglyceride-derived fatty acids and their sparing for use by exercising muscle. In contrast, the induction of ANGPTL4 in exercising muscle likely is counteracted via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mediated down-regulation, promoting the use of plasma triglycerides as fuel for active muscles. Our data suggest that nonexercising muscle and the local regulation of ANGPTL4 via AMPK and free fatty acids have key roles in governing lipid homeostasis during exercise.
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| 2. |
- Jana, Avijit, et al.
(author)
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Perylene-Derived Single-Component Organic Nanoparticles with Tunable Emission : Efficient Anticancer Drug Carriers with Real-Time Monitoring of Drug Release
- 2014
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In: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 8:6, s. 5939-5952
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An organic nanoparticle-based drug delivery system with high drug loading efficacy (similar to 79 wt %) was developed using a perylene-derived photoremovable protecting group, namely, perylene-3,4,9,10-tetrayltetramethanol (Pe(OH)(4)). The anticancer drug chlorambucil was protected by coupling with Pe(OH)(4) to form photocaged nanoparticles (Pe(OH)(4)). The photorelease mechanism of chlorambucil from the Pe(Cbl)(4) conjugate was investigated experimentally by high-resolution mass spectrometry and theoretically by density functional theory calculations. The Pe(Cbl)(4) nanoparticles perform four important roles: (i) a nanocarrier for drug delivery, (ii) a phototrigger for drug release, (iii) a fluorescent chromophore for cell imaging, and (iv) a photoswitchable fluorophore for real-time monitoring of drug release. Tunable emission of the perylene-derived nanoparticles was demonstrated by comparing the emission properties of the Pe(OH)(4) and Pe(Cbl)(4) nanoparticles with perylene-3-ylmethanol. These nanoparticles were subsequently employed in cell imaging for investigating their intracellular localization. Furthermore, the in vivo toxicity of the Pe(OH)(4) nanoparticles was investigated using the mouse model. Histological tissue analysis of five major organs, i.e., heart, kidney, spleen, liver, and lung, indicates that the nanoparticles did not show any obvious damage to these major organs under the experimental conditions. The current research presents a successful example of integrating multiple functions into single-component organic nanoparticles for drug delivery.
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