| 1. |
- Jurasinski, Gerald, et al.
(author)
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From Understanding to Sustainable Use of Peatlands : The WETSCAPES Approach
- 2020
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In: SOIL SYSTEMS. - : MDPI. - 2571-8789. ; 4:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Of all terrestrial ecosystems, peatlands store carbon most effectively in long-term scales of millennia. However, many peatlands have been drained for peat extraction or agricultural use. This converts peatlands from sinks to sources of carbon, causing approx. 5% of the anthropogenic greenhouse effect and additional negative effects on other ecosystem services. Rewetting peatlands can mitigate climate change and may be combined with management in the form of paludiculture. Rewetted peatlands, however, do not equal their pristine ancestors and their ecological functioning is not understood. This holds true especially for groundwater-fed fens. Their functioning results from manifold interactions and can only be understood following an integrative approach of many relevant fields of science, which we merge in the interdisciplinary project WETSCAPES. Here, we address interactions among water transport and chemistry, primary production, peat formation, matter transformation and transport, microbial community, and greenhouse gas exchange using state of the art methods. We record data on six study sites spread across three common fen types (Alder forest, percolation fen, and coastal fen), each in drained and rewetted states. First results revealed that indicators reflecting more long-term effects like vegetation and soil chemistry showed a stronger differentiation between drained and rewetted states than variables with a more immediate reaction to environmental change, like greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Variations in microbial community composition explained differences in soil chemical data as well as vegetation composition and GHG exchange. We show the importance of developing an integrative understanding of managed fen peatlands and their ecosystem functioning.
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| 2. |
- Jurasinski, Gerald, et al.
(author)
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Active afforestation of drained peatlands is not a viable option under the EU Nature Restoration Law
- 2024
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In: AMBIO. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 53:7, s. 970-983
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The EU Nature Restoration Law (NRL) is critical for the restoration of degraded ecosystems and active afforestation of degraded peatlands has been suggested as a restoration measure under the NRL. Here, we discuss the current state of scientific evidence on the climate mitigation effects of peatlands under forestry. Afforestation of drained peatlands without restoring their hydrology does not fully restore ecosystem functions. Evidence on long-term climate benefits is lacking and it is unclear whether CO2 sequestration of forest on drained peatland can offset the carbon loss from the peat over the long-term. While afforestation may offer short-term gains in certain cases, it compromises the sustainability of peatland carbon storage. Thus, active afforestation of drained peatlands is not a viable option for climate mitigation under the EU Nature Restoration Law and might even impede future rewetting/restoration efforts. Instead, restoring hydrological conditions through rewetting is crucial for effective peatland restoration.
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| 3. |
- Hoffman, Evan T., et al.
(author)
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Human alveolar hydrogels promote morphological and transcriptional differentiation in iPSC-derived alveolar type 2 epithelial cells
- 2023
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In: Scientific Reports. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Alveolar type 2 epithelial cells (AT2s) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iAT2s) have rapidly contributed to our understanding of AT2 function and disease. However, while iAT2s are primarily cultured in three-dimensional (3D) Matrigel, a matrix derived from cancerous mouse tissue, it is unclear how a physiologically relevant matrix will impact iAT2s phenotype. As extracellular matrix (ECM) is recognized as a vital component in directing cellular function and differentiation, we sought to derive hydrogels from decellularized human lung alveolar-enriched ECM (aECM) to provide an ex vivo model to characterize the role of physiologically relevant ECM on iAT2 phenotype. We demonstrate aECM hydrogels retain critical in situ ECM components, including structural and basement membrane proteins. While aECM hydrogels facilitate iAT2 proliferation and alveolosphere formation, a subset of iAT2s rapidly change morphology to thin and elongated ring-like cells. This morphological change correlates with upregulation of recently described iAT2-derived transitional cell state genetic markers. As such, we demonstrate a potentially underappreciated role of physiologically relevant aECM in iAT2 differentiation.
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| 4. |
- Tanneberger, Franziska, et al.
(author)
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Diet Analysis of Wetland Passerine Nestlings Using Neck Collars or Faecal Sampling Produces Similar Results
- 2017
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In: Ardea. - : Netherlands Ornithologists' Union. - 0373-2266. ; 105:2, s. 145-152
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two methods are commonly used to study the diet of nestling passerines: the neck collar method and faecal sampling. Most studies apply either method, however, few methodological studies comparing both methods exist and are mainly limited to farmland birds. Furthermore, existing methodological studies only include high-level taxonomic diet categories. Here, we compared both methods using two wetland species, the Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus and the Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus, and included family level as a lower taxonomic prey level. We found no differences between the two methods in the dietary composition of high-level taxonomic categories (mainly orders) and only small differences in some orders at the family level. Hence, we recommend using the less invasive and easily accessible faecal sampling method rather than the use of neck collars in diet composition studies.
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