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- Jaruttrakool, R., et al.
(author)
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Reactive blending of thermoplastic polyurethane and polypropylene
- 2010
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In: International polymer processing. - : Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH. - 0930-777X .- 2195-8602. ; 25:5, s. 327-333
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this research, reactive blending of thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU) and polypropylene (PP) was studied. Grafting of maleic anhydride (MAH) onto TPU/PP blends was performed by a twin-screw extruder in the presence of dicumyl peroxide (DCP). Mechanical properties and morphology of the blends were investigated by tensile testing and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Thermal properties of the blends were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The obtained results were compared with those of the uncompatibilized blends and the blends compatibilized with a commercial maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA). The results from the uncompatibilized blends clearly indicate that the TPU and PP are immiscible resulting in undesirable properties of the blends. These properties were improved significantly when TPU and PP were reactive-blended in the presence of MAH and DCP. When comparing with the blends compatibilized with PP-g-MA, the blends prepared by the reactive blending technique possessed better mechanical properties.
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- Oksman, Kristiina, et al.
(author)
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Review of the recent developments in cellulose nanocomposite processing
- 2016
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In: Composites. Part A, Applied science and manufacturing. - : Elsevier. - 1359-835X .- 1878-5840. ; 83, s. 2-18
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This review addresses the recent developments of the, processing of cellulose nanocomposites, focusing on the most used techniques, including solution casting, melt-processing of thermoplastic cellulose nanocomposites and resin impregnation of cellulose nanopapers using thermoset resins. Important techniques, such as partially dissolved cellulose nanocomposites, nanocomposite foams reinforced with nanocellulose, as well as long continuous fibers or filaments, are also addressed. It is shown how the research on cellulose nanocomposites has rapidly increased during the last 10 years, and manufacturing techniques have been developed from simple casting to these more sophisticated methods. To produce cellulose nanocomposites for commercial use, the processing of these materials must be developed from laboratory to industrially viable methods.
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- Song, Tao, et al.
(author)
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Cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) foams reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs)
- 2016
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In: Cellulose. - : Springer Nature. - 0969-0239 .- 1572-882X. ; 23:3, s. 1925-1938
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) foams reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were prepared with formaldehyde as a crosslinking agent. Two initial reaction times (10, 120 s) and the addition of CNCs (0–2 wt% based on total reaction suspension) were found to affect the foam density, water uptake, morphology and mechanical properties. A longer initial reaction time resulted in higher mechanical properties and density, due to the small pore size. The addition of CNCs induced a progressive decrease in the pore diameter and an increase in the foam density, as well as improved mechanical properties. With 1.5 wt% CNC content, the compressive strength of the PVA foams was significantly improved from 7 to 58 kPa for 10 s-initial reaction time and from 65 to 115 kPa for 120 s-initial reaction time. Results showed that the cross-linked PVA foams with CNC had promising properties for use in biomedical applications.
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- Tanpichai, Supachok, et al.
(author)
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Aligned-porous-structured poly(vinyl alcohol) foams with cellulose nanocrystals
- 2018
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In: AIP Conference Proceedings. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0094-243X.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) foams were prepared using a green lyophilization process without the use of foaming agents. PVA solutions with contents of CNCs (1 – 4 wt%) were prepared at two different freezing temperatures (−20 and −186 °C). With the addition of CNCs, moisture uptake of the CNC-PVA foams prepared at two freezing temperatures was lower than the neat PVA foams. With increasing CNC contents, no significant change of the moisture uptake could be observed for both types of the foams. Similar values of the moisture uptake could be found from both foams frozen at −20 and −186 °C. Scanning electron microscope measurements revealed the aligned-porous-structure of the foams frozen at −186 °C along with the ice growth direction while large and elongated pores were observed from the foams with the lower freezing temperature. These unique features of the foams prepared by a freeze-drying technique could be controlled by changing the freezing temperature, and these foams could be useful for specific applications such as tissue engineering scaffolds, thermal insulators or filters.
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