| 1. |
- Levy, J. S., et al.
(author)
-
Decadal topographic change in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica : Thermokarst subsidence, glacier thinning, and transfer of water storage from the cryosphere to the hydrosphere
- 2018
-
In: Geomorphology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-555X .- 1872-695X. ; 323, s. 80-97
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent local-scale observations of glaciers, streams, and soil surfaces in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica (MDV) have documented evidence for rapid ice loss, glacial thinning, and ground surface subsidence associated with melting of ground ice. To evaluate the extent, magnitude, and location of decadal-scale landscape change in the MDV, we collected airborne lidar elevation data in 2014-2015 and compared these data to a 2001-2002 airborne lidar campaign. This regional assessment of elevation change spans the recent acceleration of warming and melting observed by long-term meteorological and ecosystem response experiments, allowing us to assess the response of MDV surfaces to warming and potential thawing feedbacks. We find that locations of thermokarst subsidence are strongly associated with the presence of excess ground ice and with proximity to surface or shallow subsurface (active layer) water. Subsidence occurs across soil types and landforms, in low-lying, low-slope areas with impeded drainage and also high on steep valley walls. Glacier thinning is widespread and is associated with the growth of fine-scale roughness. Pond levels are rising in most closed-basin lakes in the MDV, across all microclimate zones. These observations highlight the continued importance of insolation-driven melting in the MDV. The regional melt pattern is consistent with an overall transition of water storage from the local cryosphere (glaciers, permafrost) to the hydrosphere (dosed basin lakes and ponds as well as the Ross Sea). We interpret this regional melting pattern to reflect a transition to Arctic and alpine-style, hydrologically mediated permafrost and glacial melt.
|
|
| 2. |
- Telling, M. T. F., et al.
(author)
-
Pressure-dependent spin fluctuations and magnetic structure in the topologically frustrated spin glass alloy Y(Mn0.95Al0.05)(2)
- 2012
-
In: Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics). - 1098-0121. ; 85:18
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Longitudinal field (LF = 110 G) muon spin relaxation (mu SR) has been used to investigate the pressure dependence (P < 4.5 kbar) of paramagnetic spin fluctuations in the spin glass alloy Y(Mn0.95Al0.05)(2) via observation of the mu(+) spin depolarization. External mechanical force is seen to counteract the Al-induced chemical pressure, fully delocalizing the Mn moment and altering the nature of the spin fluctuation spectrum sensed by the muon. A qualitative change in the functional form of the mu(+) spin depolarization is observed. Complementary ambient and high-pressure neutron diffraction measurements suggest not only pressure-dependent structural transitions but also the instability of the localized manganese moment. The ambient and high-pressure mu(+) spin depolarization results from Y(Mn0.95Al0.05)(2) are likened to P = 0 results reported for other Y(Mn1-xAlx)(2) alloys. Finally, the possibility of using mu(+) spin depolarization rates to predict experimental inelastic neutron scattering (INS) line widths is considered; the muon having the potential to provide information equivalent to that obtained via INS but with greatly reduced data collection times.
|
|
| 3. |
- Anderson, N. John, et al.
(author)
-
The Arctic in the Twenty-First Century : Changing Biogeochemical Linkages across a Paraglacial Landscape of Greenland
- 2017
-
In: BioScience. - : Oxford University Press. - 0006-3568 .- 1525-3244. ; 67:2, s. 118-133
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Kangerlussuaq area of southwest Greenland encompasses diverse ecological, geomorphic, and climate gradients that function over a range of spatial and temporal scales. Ecosystems range from the microbial communities on the ice sheet and moisture-stressed terrestrial vegetation (and their associated herbivores) to freshwater and oligosaline lakes. These ecosystems are linked by a dynamic glacio-fluvial-aeolian geomorphic system that transports water, geological material, organic carbon and nutrients from the glacier surface to adjacent terrestrial and aquatic systems. This paraglacial system is now subject to substantial change because of rapid regional warming since 2000. Here, we describe changes in the eco-and geomorphic systems at a range of timescales and explore rapid future change in the links that integrate these systems. We highlight the importance of cross-system subsidies at the landscape scale and, importantly, how these might change in the near future as the Arctic is expected to continue to warm.
|
|
| 4. |
- Berg, M. C., et al.
(author)
-
Water dynamics in glass ionomer cements
- 2016
-
In: European Physical Journal: Special Topics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 225:4, s. 773-777
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Glass ionomer cements (GIC) are an alternative for preventive dentistry. However, these dental cements are complex systems where important motions related to the different states of the hydrogen atoms evolve in a confined porous structure. In this paper, we studied the water dynamics of two different liquids used to prepare either conventional or resin-modified glass ionomer cement. By combining thermal analysis with neutron scattering data we were able to relate the water structure in the liquids to the materials properties.
|
|
| 5. |
- Ianevski, Aleksandr, et al.
(author)
-
Low Temperature and Low UV Indexes Correlated with Peaks of Influenza Virus Activity in Northern Europe during 2010-2018
- 2019
-
In: Viruses. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4915. ; 11:3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With the increasing pace of global warming, it is important to understand the role of meteorological factors in influenza virus (IV) epidemics. In this study, we investigated the impact of temperature, UV index, humidity, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, and precipitation on IV activity in Norway, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania during 2010-2018. Both correlation and machine learning analyses revealed that low temperature and UV indexes were the most predictive meteorological factors for IV epidemics in Northern Europe. Our in vitro experiments confirmed that low temperature and UV radiation preserved IV infectivity. Associations between these meteorological factors and IV activity could improve surveillance and promote development of accurate predictive models for future influenza outbreaks in the region.
|
|
| 6. |
- Ianevski, Aleksandr, et al.
(author)
-
Novel activities of safe-in-human broad-spectrum antiviral agents
- 2018
-
In: Antiviral Research. - : Elsevier. - 0166-3542 .- 1872-9096. ; 154, s. 174-182
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- According to the WHO, there is an urgent need for better control of viral diseases. Re-positioning existing safe-inhuman antiviral agents from one viral disease to another could play a pivotal role in this process. Here, we reviewed all approved, investigational and experimental antiviral agents, which are safe in man, and identified 59 compounds that target at least three viral diseases. We tested 55 of these compounds against eight different RNA and DNA viruses. We found novel activities for dalbavancin against echovirus 1, ezetimibe against human immunodeficiency virus 1 and Zika virus, as well as azacitidine, cyclosporine, minocycline, oritavancin and ritonavir against Rift valley fever virus. Thus, the spectrum of antiviral activities of existing antiviral agents could be expanded towards other viral diseases.
|
|
| 7. |
- Nag, Abhishek, et al.
(author)
-
Origin of the Spin-Orbital Liquid State in a Nearly J=0 Iridate Ba3ZnIr2O9
- 2016
-
In: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 116:9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We show using detailed magnetic and thermodynamic studies and theoretical calculations that the ground state of Ba3ZnIr2O9 is a realization of a novel spin-orbital liquid state. Our results reveal that Ba3ZnIr2O9 with Ir5+ (5d(4)) ions and strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) arrives very close to the elusive J = 0 state but each Ir ion still possesses a weak moment. Ab initio density functional calculations indicate that this moment is developed due to superexchange, mediated by a strong intradimer hopping mechanism. While the Ir spins within the structural Ir2O9 dimer are expected to form a spin-orbit singlet state (SOS) with no resultant moment, substantial frustration arising from interdimer exchange interactions induce quantum fluctuations in these possible SOS states favoring a spin-orbital liquid phase down to at least 100 mK.
|
|
| 8. |
- Portnichenko, P. Y., et al.
(author)
-
Momentum-space structure of quasielastic spin fluctuations in Ce3Pd20Si6
- 2015
-
In: Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics). - 1098-0121. ; 91:9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Among heavy-fermion metals, Ce3Pd20Si6 is one of the heaviest-electron systems known to date. Here we used high-resolution neutron spectroscopy to observe low-energy magnetic scattering from a single crystal of this compound in the paramagnetic state. We investigated its temperature dependence and distribution in momentum space, which was not accessible in earlier measurements on polycrystalline samples. At low temperatures, a quasielastic magnetic response with a half-width Gamma approximate to 0.1 meV persists with varying intensity all over the Brillouin zone. It forms a broad hump centered at the (111) scattering vector, surrounded by minima of intensity at (002), (220), and equivalent wave vectors. The momentum-space structure distinguishes this signal from a simple crystal-field excitation at 0.31 meV, suggested previously, and rather lets us ascribe it to short-range dynamical correlations between the neighboring Ce ions, mediated by the itinerant heavy f electrons via the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida mechanism. With increasing temperature, the energy width of the signal follows the conventional T-1/2 law, Gamma(T) = Gamma(0) + A root T. The momentum-space symmetry of the quasielastic response suggests that it stems from the simple-cubic Ce sublattice occupying the 8c Wyckoff site, whereas the crystallographically inequivalent 4a site remains magnetically silent in this material.
|
|
