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- Ahlborg, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Prevalence of osteoporosis and incidence of hip fracture in women--secular trends over 30 years.
- 2010
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In: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2474. ; 11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The number of hip fractures during recent decades has been reported to be increasing, partly because of an increasing proportion of elderly women in the society. However, whether changes in hip fracture annual incidence in women are attributable to secular changes in the prevalence of osteoporosis is unclear. METHODS: Bone mineral density was evaluated by single-photon absorptiometry at the distal radius in 456 women aged 50 years or above and living in the same city. The measurements were obtained by the same densitometer during three separate time periods: 1970-74 (n = 106), 1987-93 (n = 175) and 1998-1999 (n = 178), and the age-adjusted prevalence of osteoporosis in these three cohorts was calculated. Additionally, all hip fractures sustained in the target population of women aged 50 years or above between 1967 and 2001 were registered, whereupon the crude and the age-adjusted annual incidence of hip fractures were calculated. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the age-adjusted prevalence of osteoporosis when the three cohorts were compared (P = 1.00). The crude annual incidence (per 10,000 women) of hip fracture in the target population increased by 110% from 40 in 1967 to 84 in 2001. The overall trend in the crude incidence between 1967 and 2001 was increasing (1.58 per 10,000 women per year; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.17 to 1.99), whereas the age-adjusted incidence was stable over the same period (0.22 per 10,000 women per year; 95 percent confidence interval, -0.16 to 0.60). CONCLUSIONS: The increased number of hip fracture in elderly women is more likely to be attributable to demographic changes in the population than to secular increase in the prevalence of osteoporosis.
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- Bergstrom, R, et al.
(author)
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Increase in testicular cancer incidence in six European countries: A birth cohort phenomenon
- 1996
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In: JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE. - : NATL CANCER INSTITUTE. - 0027-8874. ; 88:11, s. 727-733
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: For unknown reasons, the age-standardized incidence of testicular cancer has shown a rapid increase in virtually all countries (mostly Western) studied. For populations with a sufficiently long period of cancer registration, this development c
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- Hakkarainen, Teppo, et al.
(author)
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Spatially resolved characterization of InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot structures by scanning spreading resistance microscopy
- 2010
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In: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 97:4, s. 041106-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cross-sectional scanning spreading resistance microscopy (SSRM) is used to investigate stacked InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) structures with different doping schemes. Spatially resolved imaging of the QDs by SSRM is demonstrated. The SSRM contrast obtained for the QD layers is found to depend on doping in the structure. In the undoped structures both QD-layers and QDs within the layers could be resolved, while in the doped structures the QD layers appear more or less uniformly broadened. The origin of the SSRM contrast in the QD layer in the different samples is discussed and correlated with doping schemes. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3467138]
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