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Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Thies Carsten) "

Search: WFRF:(Thies Carsten)

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1.
  • Albrecht, Matthias, et al. (author)
  • The effectiveness of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control, pollination services and crop yield : a quantitative synthesis
  • 2020
  • In: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 23:10, s. 1488-1498
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Floral plantings are promoted to foster ecological intensification of agriculture through provisioning of ecosystem services. However, a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of different floral plantings, their characteristics and consequences for crop yield is lacking. Here we quantified the impacts of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control (18 studies) and pollination services (17 studies) in adjacent crops in North America, Europe and New Zealand. Flower strips, but not hedgerows, enhanced pest control services in adjacent fields by 16% on average. However, effects on crop pollination and yield were more variable. Our synthesis identifies several important drivers of variability in effectiveness of plantings: pollination services declined exponentially with distance from plantings, and perennial and older flower strips with higher flowering plant diversity enhanced pollination more effectively. These findings provide promising pathways to optimise floral plantings to more effectively contribute to ecosystem service delivery and ecological intensification of agriculture in the future.
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2.
  • Hambäck, Peter, et al. (author)
  • Top-down and bottom-up effects on the spatiotemporal dynamics of cereal aphids: testing scaling theory for local density
  • 2007
  • In: Oikos. - : Wiley. - 0030-1299. ; 116:12, s. 1995-2006
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The relationship between density and area depends on local growth rates and the area-dependence of migration rates. These rates vary among taxa due to dispersal behaviour, plot productivity and natural enemy impact. Previous studies in aphids suggest that aphid densities are highest in patches of intermediate sizes, and lower in small and large patches. The suggested mechanism causing these patterns is that the dispersal behaviour in aphids creates a mixture of area- and perimeter-dependent migration rates. In this paper, we used these predictions to examine the additional consequences of nutrient availability and natural enemies on the densityarearelationship. The derived predictions were compared to data from a system with three aphid species, a set of aphid parasitoids and generalist natural enemies, and at two levels of plant nutrient availability. We find that predictions from the model based only on dispersal and local growth agree with the temporal dynamics ofdensity-area relationships for aphids in high nutrient patches. In patches with low nutrients, high parasitism rates appeared to cause a negative density-area relationship for aphids, thereby deviating from predictions driven by the aphids’ dispersal behavior. Hence, the dispersal model with scale-dependent migration rates can provide a useful tool for understanding insect distribution in patch size gradients, but the relative importance of top-down effects can completely change with plot productivity.
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