| 1. |
- Bognounou, Fidèle, et al.
(author)
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Impact of disturbance by roadwork on Pteleopsis suberosa regeneration along roadside environments in Burkina Faso, West Africa
- 2009
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In: Journal of Forestry Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1007-662X .- 1993-0607. ; 20, s. 355–361-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The seedling population structure of Pteleopsis suberosa and their regeneration mechanisms were investigated in four roadside environments (graded, adjacent, intermediate and ungraded areas) along paved and unpaved roads in West Africa. A total of 203 quadrats of 2 m × 5 m in size were surveyed and placed along transects parallel to the roads. Within each quadrat, the total number of seedlings and the number of living shoots per seedling base were recorded. Regeneration mechanisms were determined by assessing basal and aerial sprouts and excavating the root systems below ground level. The results show that the total seedling density and the densities of single- and multi-stemmed individuals varied significantly (p < 0.05) among the four roadside environments. However, all seedlings were produced asexually; root suckers were predominant (98%) compared to water sprout (1%) and coppices (less than 1%). This study demonstrates that an intermediate level of soil disturbance from grading along paved and unpaved roads may stimulate P. suberosa regeneration by root suckering. Road type (paved and unpaved) did not affect seedling density, but was a highly significant variable in relation to the coppicing ability of P. suberosa populations in roadside sites. In conclusion, P. suberosa is a disturbance-tolerant species which can proliferate mainly by root suckering after roadwork disturbance.
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| 2. |
- Bognounou, Fidèle, et al.
(author)
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Regeneration of five Combretaceae species along a latitudinal gradient in Sahelo-Sudanian zone of Burkina Faso
- 2010
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In: Annals of Forest Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1286-4560 .- 1297-966X. ; 67
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Seedling density and the regeneration mechanisms of five tree species, Anogeissus leiocarpa, Combretum aculeatum, Combretum micranthum, Combretum nigricans, and Pteleopsis suberosa were investigated in relation to latitudinal gradient across the Sahelo-Sudanian zone of West Africa.Data were collected on 461 quadrats (2 m x 5 m) laid out every 30 m on transect lines through Combretaceae communities at four latitudinal positions. Regeneration mechanisms were determined by excavating the below ground root system and assessing basal and aerial sprouts.The results showed a significant species x latitudinal position effect on the total density of seedling populations, and the density of single-and multi-stemmed individuals (p < 0.001). C. aculeatum and C. micranthum were abundant in the North-Sahelian sector, C. nigricans and P. suberosa in the Sudanian sector and A. leiocarpa across a wide range from the South-Sahelian to South-Sudanian sectors. In general, 58% of the seedlings were regenerated asexually (as coppice, water sprout, layer, and root sucker) while 42% were sexual recruits (as true seedling and seedling sprouts). The proportion of vegetatively propagated seedlings increased with increasing latitude for all species except C. micranthum, for which a clear decreasing trend was observed. The relative importance of the different regeneration mechanisms varied among species: seedling sprouts were important for A. leiocarpa, C. aculeatum and C. nigricans, coppice for C. micranthum and sucker for P. suberosaThe significant interaction observed between species and latitudinal position highlights the importance of accurate species-site matching to ensure successful restoration of degraded areas in the Sahelo-Sudanian zone. Inter-species differences in regeneration mechanism could be related to their biology and ecological adaptation to the site-specific biotic and abiotic factors.
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| 3. |
- Coulibaly-Lingani, Pascaline, et al.
(author)
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Determinants of access to forest products in southern Burkina Faso
- 2009
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In: Forest Policy and Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1389-9341 .- 1872-7050. ; 11, s. 516-524
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is an increasing understanding that forests and the forestry sector are key elements in poverty reduction strategies in Africa. However, issues of equity between various forest users are becoming a major challenge to environmental development, forest management and poverty reduction. This paper presents an analysis of household representatives' socio-economic determinants and other constraints on accessing forest products, based on data collected through a questionnaire survey of 1865 respondents in seven districts of the Sissili province, southern Burkina Faso. Three logistic regression models were developed to examine determinants of access to the forest for collecting fuelwood, grazing livestock and collecting non-timber forest products (NTFPs). The results showed that access to forest products is associated with individual characteristics. Age, ethnicity, occupation and sources of income were significant determinants of access to all types of forest products. Access to the forest for grazing livestock was further influenced by gender and household size, while access to NTFPs was influenced by gender, household size and education level of the respondents. The formal forest law that precludes grazing in the forest, and customary rules and regulations pertaining to land tenure, were reported to be serious constraints to forest access for women and migrant people. Understanding the factors influencing access to products from commonly-owned forest resources could form the basis for developing, modifying and targeting policy instruments that promote equitable access. Policies should particularly encourage the direct involvement of vulnerable and marginalized groups (women and migrants) in forest management activities. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Coulibaly-Lingani, Pascaline, et al.
(author)
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Factors influencing people's participation in the forest management program in Burkina Faso, West Africa
- 2011
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In: Forest Policy and Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1389-9341 .- 1872-7050. ; 13, s. 292-302
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In attempts to foster sustainable forest management practices, participation of local communities has become widely recognized as a better alternative than the traditional protectionist approach. This paper analyzed factors influencing local people's participation in forest management program in Sissili and Ziro provinces, southern Burkina Faso based on data collected through a household survey of 165 members of forest management groups using factor analysis and multiple regression. Factor analysis resulted in a three-factor solution, which accounted for 64.82% of the total variance. Participation in decision-making, followed by participation in forest conservation and economic benefits were found to be the main factors influencing participation in the forest management program. Gender, household size, income source, land tenure status and technical assistance also appeared to influence members' participation in the program. The results indicate that participatory management program can be enhanced by changing the administrative structure of forest management groups in order to empower members in decision-making processes. In addition, increasing women's participation and more equitable benefit-sharing among user groups are essential in improving the success of the participatory forest management program. Thus, policies reforms to improve the structure of the forest management groups and to establish equitable benefit-sharing mechanisms are essential to improve the participation of local people in the forest management program and, hence, require immediate attention. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Coulibaly-Lingani, Pascaline, et al.
(author)
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Participatory forest management in Burkina Faso: Members' perception of performance
- 2014
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In: Journal of Forestry Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1007-662X .- 1993-0607. ; 25, s. 637-646
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study examines variations in the performance of participatory forest management programs among four forest management groups (FMGs) in southern Burkina Faso, and assesses the factors that influence their members' perceptions of performance through a household survey of 216 members. Variations in performance scores among the FMGs were analyzed through multivariate analysis of variance while multinomial regression analysis was used to identify factors that influence their perception of the performance. The results reveal significant differences in performance scores among FMGs. embers of some FMGs perceived that the participatory forest management program enabled them to get benefits from the sale of fuelwood while performance scores in the forest conservation and decision-making processes is generally poor. The score for economic performance of FMGs in turn was related to better access to roads and markets. Group size tended to enhance economic performance via its strong influence on annual fuelwood harvest, while the resource base appeared to be inconsequential. Members of the forest management groups perceived that large group size and group heterogeneity, particularly in terms of ethnicity, as well as knowledge and awareness of problems related to the forest environment. have no influence on the performance of their respective groups: For rural communities to have a favorable disposition toward sustainable forest management, differences in member understanding of collective actions and their impact before and during the implementation of participatory forest management programs should be considered.
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| 6. |
- Daneshvar, Abolfazl, et al.
(author)
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Flotation techniques to improve viability of Juniperus polycarpos seed lots
- 2017
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In: Journal of Forestry Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1007-662X .- 1993-0607. ; 28, s. 231-239
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The germination of freshly collected Juniperus polycarpos (K. Koch) seeds is very low and attributed to the large proportion of nonviable seeds in the seed lots. Thus, the aim of this study was to improve seed lot quality by removing nonviable seeds using two flotation techniques: incubation-drying-separation (IDS) and modified specific gravity (MSG) separation. We examined different IDS conditions (the specific incubation time, subsequent drying time and sorting media) for effectively sorting out nonviable seeds; and tested the feasibility of modified SG separation, which involved soaking seeds in water for a certain period before sorting in different concentrations of sucrose solution. Viable seeds were expected to absorb and metabolically bind more water during soaking than dead seeds could, and hence be sorted effectively depending on the viscosity of the sucrose solution. The viability of the seeds that floated or sank was determined in a topographical tetrazolium chloride (TTC) test. For the IDS trial, 7 days incubation followed by 9 h of drying and sedimentation in pure water or 200 g center dot L-1 sucrose solution identified, respectively, 75 and 82 % of the seeds as viable (sunken) seeds. For the MSG trail, 77 % viable seeds were recovered in the sunken fraction when seeds were soaked for 48 h then immediately sorted in 600 g center dot L-1 sucrose solution. In both cases, the loss of viable seeds in the discarded floating fraction was only 4 %. The results demonstrate that both IDS and MSG separation techniques substantially improved seed lot viability, but MSG separation is simple and needs no modern seed handling facility, and its efficacy relies on seed mass (due to the initial soaking) and the specific density and viscosity of the flotation medium.
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| 7. |
- Daneshvar, Abolfazl, et al.
(author)
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Growth characteristics and reproductive output of dwarf mistletoe-infected Juniperus polycarpos in Iran
- 2014
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In: Journal of Forestry Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1007-662X .- 1993-0607. ; 25, s. 827-834
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Dwarf mistletoes are parasitic flowering plants that infect conifers, resulting in substantial loss of growth and mortality. Recently, forest managers in Iran are contemplating whether infection of Juniperus polycarpos C. Koch forests by dwarf mistletoe, Arceuthobium oxycedri (DC.) M. Bieb, influences tree vigor and contributes to insufficient natural regeneration. The present study aimed at assessing the severity of infection and its impact on growth and reproductive output of J. polycarpos. Infected and uninfected trees (n=20 each) were selected for assessment of diameter, height, crown area, and crown volume as well as quantity and quality of cones and seeds. The severity of infection of trees was determined by Hawksworth's 6-class dwarf mistletoe rating (DMR) system. The DMR system revealed that 40% of the infected sample trees were lightly infected (DMR=1-2) and 60% were moderately infected (DMR=3-4). Growth characteristics did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) between infected and uninfected trees. However, moderate infection affected the reproductive output off. polycarpos by significantly (p <0.05) reducing the mean number of cones per unit area of the crown, increasing the number of damaged seeds, and reducing seed size and seed germination capacity. We conclude that reproductive output off. polycarpos is more sensitive than growth characters to moderate infection by juniper dwarf mistletoe, and this might partly account for poor natural regeneration.
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| 8. |
- Daneshvar, Abolfazl, et al.
(author)
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Single seed Near Infrared Spectroscopy discriminates viable and non-viable seeds of Juniperus polycarpos
- 2015
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In: Silva Fennica. - : Finnish Society of Forest Science. - 0037-5330 .- 2242-4075. ; 49
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A large quantity of non-viable (empty, insect-attacked and shriveled) seeds of Juniperus polycarpos (K. Koch) is often encountered during seed collection, which should be removed from the seed lots to ensure precision sowing in the nursery or out in the field. The aims of this study were to evaluate different modelling approaches and to examine the sensitivity of the change in detection system (Silicon-detector in the shorter vis-a-vis InGsAs-detector in the longer NIR regions) for discriminating non-viable seeds from viable seeds by Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. NIR reflectance spectra were collected from single seeds, and discriminant models were developed by Partial Least Squares - Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) and Orthogonal Projection to Latent Structures - Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) using the entire or selected NIR regions. Both modelling approaches resulted in 98% and 100% classification accuracy for viable and non-viable seeds in the test set, respectively. However, OPLS-DA models were superb in terms of model parsimony and information quality. Modelling in the shorter and longer wavelength region also resulted in similar classification accuracy, suggesting that prediction of class membership is insensitive to change in the detection system. The origins of spectral differences between non-viable and viable seeds were attributed to differences in seed coat chemical composition, mainly terpenoids that were dominant in non-viable seeds and storage reserves in viable seeds. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that NIR spectroscopy has great potential as seed sorting technology to upgrade seed lot quality that ensures precision sowing.
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| 9. |
- Daneshvar, Abolfazl, et al.
(author)
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Stimulation of germination in dormant seeds of Juniperus polycarpos by stratification and hormone treatments
- 2016
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In: New Forests. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0169-4286 .- 1573-5095. ; 47, s. 751-761
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Dormancy in Juniperus polycarpos (K. Koch) seeds is a major hurdle for production of the desired quantity of seedlings in nurseries for restoration purpose. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop an optimal dormancy breaking treatment and subsequent stimulation of germination. The treatments applied were cold stratification at 1 A degrees C for 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks; warm stratification at 20 A degrees C for 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks followed by 12 weeks of cold stratification; exogenous application of 250, 500, and 1000 ppm gibberellic acid (GA(3)) and 6-Benzylamino purine (BAP); and a combination of 500 ppm hormones and cold stratification. The results show significant differences in germination between cold and warm-cold stratification, length of stratification and their interaction (p < 0.01). Warm stratification for 16 weeks followed by 12 weeks of cold stratification induced 72 % of the seeds to germination in 12 days compared with 16-week cold-stratification alone (42 %) and the control (8 %). Exogenous application of GA(3) and BAP alone or in combination with cold stratification resulted in less than 50 % germination though significantly (p < 0.01) higher than the control. Apparently, the hormone treatments alone or in combination with cold stratification are not effective in completely breaking dormancy and stimulation of germination. The findings suggest that J. polycarpos seeds may possess intermediate simple morpho-physiological dormancy, which could be an adaptive mechanism for relatively warmer autumn temperature during seed maturation and the subsequent cold winter temperature under natural conditions.
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| 10. |
- Dayamba, Sidzabda Djibril, et al.
(author)
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Community dynamics and phytomass of herbaceous species in the Sudanian savanna-woodlands of Burkina Faso: short-term impact of burning season
- 2010
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In: African Journal of Range and Forage Science. - : National Inquiry Services Center (NISC). - 1022-0119 .- 1727-9380. ; 27, s. 171-177
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fire is important for the maintenance and conservation of African savanna ecosystems, and prescribed fire is used in the Sudanian savanna-woodlands of West Africa as a forest management tool. Yet, the effects of fire on savanna ecosystems and especially on plant species is very much dependent on the nature of the fire regime. We assessed the effects of season of burning on herbaceous species dynamics and phytomass for four years (2006-2009). Neither fire season nor the interaction between year and fire season affected species richness, diversity, phytomass and dominant species (Andropogon chinensis (Nees) Merr.) abundance. There was, however, an interannual variation (p 0.05) on all herbaceous species attributes except abundance of A. chinensis. This could be related to interannual variation in amount and frequency of rainfall. We also examined the whole species community using canonical correspondence analysis on the species data matrix and the fire treatment data matrix. There was no clear indication of some species showing affinity to a particular season of burning, although certain tendencies were observed. Overall, in the short-term (four years), there is no evidence of burning season affecting herbaceous species community in this ecosystem.
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