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- James, Inger, 1953-
(author)
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Bakom rutinerna : kunskap och omvårdnadspraxis i mänskliga gränssituationer
- 2010
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The overall aim of this thesis was to study how family members, next of kin, and healthcare professionals construct and use knowledge in nursing praxis in human boundarysituations.The study was carried out on a surgical ward at a university hospital in Sweden.Methodology: Study I: A case study; data concerning a family with six familymembers were collected over 10 months using interviews, conversations, and diary notations.Study II: A hermeneutic approach; interviews with 27 family carers were conductedsix to eight months after a family member’s death. Studies III, IV: a combinedethnographic and hermeneutic approach; participant observations (285 hours), informalconversations (190), and interviews (25) were conducted with 25 nurses and 18 assistant nurses.The main findings were: (I) The family members used beliefs to explain and understandcancer, dying and death. The beliefs were aggregated into eight main beliefs and fourthemes: cancer is a deadly threat/death is a liberator; death can be held at bay/death canbe lived near; dying is done alone/dying should not be done alone; and life has anend/life is endless. These beliefs appear to oscillate between seemingly contrastingpoles. (II) The family carers made their own assessment of their loved one’s conditionand situation. Their actions were characterized by struggling to get treatment, being leftbehind, being partners, keeping the illness at a distance, hovering beside their loved one,waiting for death, and being experts and protectors. The family carers used practicalwisdom, phronesis, regarding what care was the best, or least harmful, for their lovedone in the encounter with professional care. (III) The nurses constructed knowledgethrough greeting the patient, and reading the patient. By being sensitive, using humor,and emotional involvement, understanding was deepened. By being suspicious and selfcritical,interaction was sought with nurse colleagues, the patient, relatives, and the doctor,and additional knowledge was obtained. They strived to be one step ahead in theirefforts to attain an understanding of the patient´s situation. The knowledge nurses makeuse of can be related to the intertwined and embodied forms of theoretical knowledge,i.e., episteme, practical professional knowledge, i.e., techne, and practical wisdom i.e.,phronesis. (IV) The nurses created and used emotional knowing that could be interpretedin relation to various rooms of emotions, thoughts and actions. They strived to dothings correctly in the normative room; created a safe, secure milieu for patients andnext of kin in the safety-security room; and questioned their actions in the critical room.They created an affinity for co-operation that was of benefit in encounters with patientsin the nurses’ affinity room. And they demonstrated compassion for patients and next ofkin; this compassion was particularly evident in the closeness room.Conclusion: In praxis, construction and use of knowledge occurs that often takes placebehind the routines. This knowledge constitutes an important content in nursing. Thehermeneutic spiral can serve a pedagogic purpose in elucidating nursing and its differentforms of knowledge.
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- James, Inger, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Emotional knowing in nursing practice : in the encounter between life and death
- 2010
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In: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - Järfälla, Sweden : Co-Action Publishing. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 5:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Patients, next of kin and nurses in surgical wards often raise existential questions in the encounter between life and death. Nurses' emotional knowing at this encounter is crucial. Consequently, this study's purpose was to analyse and describe nurses' emotional knowing to reveal (a) how this knowing is expressed in daily work and (b) what emotions, thoughts and actions this knowing includes. This study used combined ethnographic and hermeneutic methodologies. Data were collected using participant observations, informal conversations and interviews. We found that nurses' emotional knowing could be interpreted in relation to various rooms of emotions, thoughts and actions. Nurses' judgements formed these rooms. They strived to do things correctly in the normative room; created a safe, secure milieu for patients and next of kin in the safety–security room; and questioned their actions in the critical room. They created affinity for co-operation that benefitted encounters with patients in their affinity room. And they demonstrated sensitivity and compassion to patients and next of kin; sensitivity and compassion were particularly evident in the closeness room. In our main interpretation, we found that nurses' judgements in various rooms (emotional knowing) constitute an expression of practical wisdom (phronesis) in nursing practice.
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- Jemt, Torsten, 1950, et al.
(author)
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Implant-supported laser-welded titanium and conventional cast frameworks in the partially edentulous law: a 5-year prospective multicenter study.
- 2003
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In: The International journal of prosthodontics. - 0893-2174. ; 16:4, s. 415-21
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: This study evaluated and compared the clinical performance of laser-welded titanium fixed partial implant-supported prostheses with that of conventional cast frameworks in the partially edentulous jaw. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two patients provided with Brånemark system implants were arranged into two groups. Twenty-one patients (group A) were provided with a conventional cast ceramometal framework in one side of the jaw and a laser-welded titanium framework with low-fusing porcelain in the other side. In group B, 21 patients received a titanium framework prosthesis to replace a conventional implant prosthesis. Clinical and radiographic data were collected for 5 years. RESULTS: Four implants and one titanium framework were lost during the follow-up period. The two framework designs did not show any significant differences with regard to implant or prosthesis survival (P > .05). Few clinical complications were observed. In group A, marginal bone loss after 5 years was similar for both prosthesis designs, with an average of 0.1 mm and 0.3 mm in the maxilla and mandible, respectively. Basically, no bone loss was observed on average in group B. Furthermore, no significant relationship was observed between marginal bone loss and placement of prosthesis margin or prosthesis design. CONCLUSION: Except for an insignificant tendency toward a slightly higher incidence of small chips of porcelain veneers, laser-welded titanium frameworks presented an overall similar clinical performance as conventional cast frameworks in partial implant situations after 5 years.
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| 6. |
- Jemt, Torsten, 1950, et al.
(author)
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Implant-supported welded titanium frameworks in the edentulous maxilla: a 5-year prospective multicenter study.
- 2002
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In: The International journal of prosthodontics. - 0893-2174. ; 15:6, s. 544-8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: This study evaluated the 5-year clinical and radiographic performance of fixed implant-supported maxillary prostheses with either welded titanium or conventional cast-gold alloy frameworks. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-eight consecutive patients were provided with 349 osseointegrated Brånemark system implants in the edentulous maxilla at six different implant centers. Twenty-eight of the patients received, at random, prostheses with laser-welded titanium frameworks, and the remaining 30 patients had prostheses with conventional cast-gold alloy frameworks. Clinical and radiographic data were collected for 5 years after prosthesis placement. RESULTS: The titanium and cast-gold framework groups exhibited similar cumulative survival and success rates (CSR). The 5-year implant CSR from time of placement was 91.4% and 94.0%, respectively, and from prosthesis delivery the rate was 94.9% and 95.6%, respectively. The corresponding 5-year prosthesis CSRs were 96.4% and 93.3%. One patient from each group lost all the implants and turned to complete dentures within the first year of function. Another patient with a cast-gold framework had the prosthesis replaced after 4 years, basically because of problems with the veneering material. No fractures of implant components were observed during the follow-up period. Bone loss was on average 0.59 mm (SD 0.97 mm) during 5 years, with no statistical difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Welded titanium frameworks presented a similar favorable clinical performance as conventional cast-gold alloy frameworks in fixed implant-supported prostheses in the edentulous maxilla after 5 years in function. Implant failures were concentrated in only a few patients in each study group.
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| 7. |
- Khan, Jamil, et al.
(author)
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Increasing public transport patronage : An analysis of planning principles and public transport governance in Swedish regions with the highest growth in ridership
- 2021
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In: Case Studies on Transport Policy. - : Elsevier. - 2213-624X .- 2213-6258. ; 9:1, s. 260-270
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Increasing the attractiveness of public transport is a key issue in the endeavours towards more sustainable transport systems. While there is a lot of knowledge on what can be done to increase public transport patronage, there is a lack of empirically based research analysing how to do this in practice. Using a comparative case analysis of six regions in Sweden with the highest increase in passenger volumes for public transport between 2009 and 2015, this paper examines the prerequisites for increasing public transport patronage, with a focus on the governance conditions required to implement such measures. The empirical material consists of semistructured interviews with public transport planners and strategy documents for the six regions. The findings show that all regions but one employed a similar approach and implemented measures aimed at concentrating resources to corridors where the potential demand was the greatest. Only one region chose a different approach by investing in services in both strong routes and in the peripheral network. However, regardless of approach, the results highlight that there is considerable coherence regarding the governance conditions that enable implementation. Three main conditions were identified, namely political support, well-functioning collaboration between organisations, and public support through citizen dialogue. The results support key findings on collaborative conditions from previous research, including the importance of joint objectives, trust between key individuals, and the need for long time frames in order to develop collaborative capacity.
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| 8. |
- Khan, Murtaza, et al.
(author)
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Nitric oxide-induced AtAO3 differentially regulates plant defense against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in Arabidopsis thaliana
- 2019
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In: BMC Plant Biology. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2229.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Exposure of plants to different environmental insults instigates significant changes in the cellular redox tone driven in part by promoting the production of reactive nitrogen species. The key player, nitric oxide (NO) is a small gaseous diatomic molecule, well-known for its signaling role during stress. In this study, we focused on abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism-related genes that showed differential expression in response to the NO donor S-nitroso-L-cysteine (CySNO) by conducting RNA-seq-based transcriptomic analysis.Results: CySNO-induced ABA-related genes were identified and further characterized. Gene ontology terms for biological processes showed most of the genes were associated with protein phosphorylation. Promoter analysis suggested that several cis-regulatory elements were activated under biotic and/or abiotic stress conditions. The ABA biosynthetic gene AtAO3 was selected for validation using functional genomics. The loss of function mutant atao3 was found to differentially regulate oxidative and nitrosative stress. Further investigations for determining the role of AtAO3 in plant defense suggested a negative regulation of plant basal defense and R-gene-mediated resistance. The atao3 plants showed resistance to virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 (Pst DC3000) with gradual increase in PR1 gene expression. Similarly, atao3 plants showed increased hypersensitive response (HR) when challenged with Pst DC3000 (avrB). The atgsnor1–3 and atsid2 mutants showed a susceptible phenotype with reduced PR1 transcript accumulation. Drought tolerance assay indicated that atao3 and atnced3 ABA-deficient mutants showed early wilting, followed by plant death. The study of stomatal structure showed that atao3 and atnced3 were unable to close stomata even at 7 days after drought stress. Further, they showed reduced ABA content and increased electrolyte leakage than the wild-type (WT) plants. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis suggested that ABA biosynthesis genes were down-regulated, whereas expression of most of the drought-related genes were up-regulated in atao3 than in WT.Conclusions: AtAO3 negatively regulates pathogen-induced salicylic acid pathway, although it is required for drought tolerance, despite the fact that ABA production is not totally dependent on AtAO3, and that drought-related genes like DREB2 and ABI2 show response to drought irrespective of ABA content.
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| 9. |
- Kobro-Flatmoen, Asgeir, et al.
(author)
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Lowering levels of reelin in entorhinal cortex layer II-neurons results in lowered levels of intracellular amyloid-β
- 2023
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In: Brain Communications. - 2632-1297. ; 5:2, s. 1-15
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Projection neurons in the anteriolateral part of entorhinal cortex layer II are the predominant cortical site for hyper-phosphorylation of tau and formation of neurofibrillary tangles in prodromal Alzheimer's disease. A majority of layer II projection neurons in anteriolateral entorhinal cortex are unique among cortical excitatory neurons by expressing the protein reelin. In prodromal Alzheimer's disease, these reelin-expressing neurons are prone to accumulate intracellular amyloid-β, which is mimicked in a rat model that replicates the spatio-temporal cascade of the disease. Two important findings in relation to this are that reelin-signalling downregulates tau phosphorylation, and that oligomeric amyloid-β interferes with reelin-signalling. Taking advantage of this rat model, we used proximity ligation assay to assess whether reelin and intracellular amyloid-β directly interact during early, pre-plaque stages in anteriolateral entorhinal cortex layer II reelin-expressing neurons. We next made a viral vector delivering micro-RNA against reelin, along with a control vector, and infected reelin-expressing anteriolateral entorhinal cortex layer II-neurons to test whether reelin levels affect levels of intracellular amyloid-β and/or amyloid precursor protein. We analysed 25.548 neurons from 24 animals, which results in three important findings. First, in reelin-expressing anteriolateral entorhinal cortex layer II-neurons, reelin and intracellular amyloid-β engage in a direct protein-protein interaction. Second, injecting micro-RNA against reelin lowers reelin levels in these neurons, amounting to an effect size of 1.3-4.5 (Bayesian estimation of Cohen's d effect size, 95% credible interval). This causes a concomitant reduction of intracellular amyloid-β ranging across three levels of aggregation, including a reduction of Aβ42 monomers/dimers amounting to an effect size of 0.5-3.1, a reduction of Aβ prefibrils amounting to an effect size of 1.1-3.5 and a reduction of protofibrils amounting to an effect size of 0.05-2.1. Analysing these data using Bayesian estimation of mutual information furthermore reveals that levels of amyloid-β are dependent on levels of reelin. Third, the reduction of intracellular amyloid-β occurs without any substantial associated changes in levels of amyloid precursor protein. We conclude that reelin and amyloid-β directly interact at the intracellular level in the uniquely reelin-expressing projection neurons in anteriolateral entorhinal cortex layer II, where levels of amyloid-β are dependent on levels of reelin. Since amyloid-β is known to impair reelin-signalling causing upregulated phosphorylation of tau, our findings are likely relevant to the vulnerability for neurofibrillary tangle-formation of this entorhinal neuronal population.
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| 10. |
- Loy, Gareth, et al.
(author)
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Fast shape-based road sign detection for a driver assistance system
- 2004
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In: 2004 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). - 0780384636 ; , s. 70-75
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A new method is presented for detecting triangular, square and octagonal road signs efficiently and robustly. The method uses the symmetric nature of these shapes, together with the pattern of edge orientations exhibited by equiangular polygons with a known number of sides, to establish possible shape centroid locations in the image. This approach is invariant to in-plane rotation and returns the location and size of the shape detected. Results on still images show a detection rate of over 95%. The method is efficient enough for real-time applications, such as on-board-vehicle sign detection.
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