| 1. |
- Andersson Svärd, Agnes, et al.
(author)
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Characterization of plasma lipidomics in adolescent subjects with increased risk for type 1 diabetes in the DiPiS cohort
- 2020
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In: Metabolomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-3882 .- 1573-3890. ; 16:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by the destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells resulting in total loss of insulin production. Recent studies have suggested that the destruction may be interrelated to plasma lipids.OBJECTIVES: Specific lipids have previously been shown to be decreased in children who develop T1D before four years of age. Disturbances of plasma lipids prior to clinical diagnosis of diabetes, if true, may provide a novel way to improve prediction, and monitor disease progression.METHODS: A lipidomic approach was utilized to analyze plasma from 67 healthy adolescent subjects (10-15 years of age) with or without islet autoantibodies but all with increased genetic risk for T1D. The study subjects were enrolled at birth in the Diabetes Prediction in Skåne (DiPiS) study and after 10-15 years of follow-up we performed the present cross-sectional analysis. HLA-DRB345, -DRB1, -DQA1, -DQB1, -DPA1 and -DPB1 genotypes were determined using next generation sequencing. Lipidomic profiles were determined using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Lipidomics data were analyzed according to genotype.RESULTS: Variation in levels of several specific phospholipid species were related to level of autoimmunity but not development of T1D. Five glycosylated ceramides were increased in insulin autoantibody (IAA) positive adolescent subjects compared to adolescent subjects without this autoantibody. Additionally, HLA genotypes seemed to influence levels of long chain triacylglycerol (TG).CONCLUSION: Lipidomic profiling of adolescent subjects in high risk of T1D may improve sub-phenotyping in this high risk population.
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| 2. |
- Dashko, Sofia, et al.
(author)
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Use of non-conventional yeast improves the wine aroma profile of Ribolla Gialla
- 2015
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In: Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1367-5435 .- 1476-5535. ; 42:7, s. 997-1010
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Consumer wine preferences are changing rapidly towards exotic flavours and tastes. In this work, we tested five non-conventional yeast strains for their potential to improve Ribolla Gialla wine quality. These strains were previously selected from numerous yeasts interesting as food production candidates. Sequential fermentation of Ribolla Gialla grape juice with the addition of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae T73 Lalvin industrial strain was performed. Zygosaccharomyces kombuchaensis CBS8849 and Kazachstania gamospora CBS10400 demonstrated positive organoleptic properties and suitable fermentation dynamics, rapid sugar consumption and industrial strain compatibility. At the same time, Torulaspora microellipsoides CBS6641, Dekkera bruxellensis CBS2796 and Dekkera anomala CBS77 were unsuitable for wine production because of poor fermentation dynamics, inefficient sugar consumption and ethanol production levels and major organoleptic defects. Thus, we selected strains of K. gamospora and Z. kombuchaensis that significantly improved the usually plain taste of Ribolla wine by providing additional aromatic complexity in a controlled and reproducible manner.
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| 3. |
- Lamichhane, Santosh, et al.
(author)
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Circulating metabolites in progression to islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes
- 2019
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In: Diabetologia. - : Springer. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 62:12, s. 2287-2297
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Metabolic dysregulation may precede the onset of type 1 diabetes. However, these metabolic disturbances and their specific role in disease initiation remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined whether children who progress to type 1 diabetes have a circulatory polar metabolite profile distinct from that of children who later progress to islet autoimmunity but not type 1 diabetes and a matched control group.METHODS: We analysed polar metabolites from 415 longitudinal plasma samples in a prospective cohort of children in three study groups: those who progressed to type 1 diabetes; those who seroconverted to one islet autoantibody but not to type 1 diabetes; and an antibody-negative control group. Metabolites were measured using two-dimensional GC high-speed time of flight MS.RESULTS: In early infancy, progression to type 1 diabetes was associated with downregulated amino acids, sugar derivatives and fatty acids, including catabolites of microbial origin, compared with the control group. Methionine remained persistently upregulated in those progressing to type 1 diabetes compared with the control group and those who seroconverted to one islet autoantibody. The appearance of islet autoantibodies was associated with decreased glutamic and aspartic acids.CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Our findings suggest that children who progress to type 1 diabetes have a unique metabolic profile, which is, however, altered with the appearance of islet autoantibodies. Our findings may assist with early prediction of the disease.
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| 4. |
- Mikkelsen, Randi Bonke, et al.
(author)
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Type 2 diabetes is associated with increased circulating levels of 3-hydroxydecanoate activating GPR84 and neutrophil migration
- 2022
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In: iScience. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-0042. ; 25:12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Obesity and diabetes are associated with inflammation and altered plasma levels of several metabolites, which may be involved in disease progression. Some metabolites can activate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed on immune cells where they can modulate metabolic inflammation. Here, we find that 3-hydroxydecanoate is enriched in the circulation of obese individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared with nondiabetic controls. Administration of 3-hydroxydecanoate to mice promotes immune cell recruitment to adipose tissue, which was associated with adipose inflammation and increased fasting insulin levels. Furthermore, we demonstrate that 3-hydroxydecanoate stimulates migration of primary human and mouse neutrophils, but not monocytes, through GPR84 and Gαi signaling in vitro. Our findings indicate that 3-hydroxydecanoate is a T2D-associated metabolite that increases inflammatory responses and may contribute to the chronic inflammation observed in diabetes.
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| 5. |
- Pedersen, Helle Krogh, et al.
(author)
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Human gut microbes impact host serum metabolome and insulin sensitivity
- 2016
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In: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 535:7612, s. 376-381
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Insulin resistance is a forerunner state of ischaemic cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Here we show how the human gut microbiome impacts the serum metabolome and associates with insulin resistance in 277 non-diabetic Danish individuals. The serum metabolome of insulin-resistant individuals is characterized by increased levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), which correlate with a gut microbiome that has an enriched biosynthetic potential for BCAAs and is deprived of genes encoding bacterial inward transporters for these amino acids. Prevotella copri and Bacteroides vulgatus are identified as the main species driving the association between biosynthesis of BCAAs and insulin resistance, and in mice we demonstrate that P. copri can induce insulin resistance, aggravate glucose intolerance and augment circulating levels of BCAAs. Our findings suggest that microbial targets may have the potential to diminish insulin resistance and reduce the incidence of common metabolic and cardiovascular disorders.
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