| 1. |
- Fracasso, Ilaria, et al.
(author)
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Exploring different methodological approaches to unlock paleobiodiversity in peat profiles using ancient DNA
- 2024
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In: Science of the Total Environment. - 0048-9697. ; 908
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Natural and human-induced environmental changes deeply affected terrestrial ecosystems throughout the Holocene. Paleoenvironmental reconstructions provide information about the past and allow us to predict/model future scenarios. Among potential records, peat bogs are widely used because they present a precise stratigraphy and act as natural archives of highly diverse organic remains. Over the decades, several techniques have been developed to identify debris occurring in peat, including their morphological description. However, this is strongly constrained by the researcher's ability to distinguish residues at the species level, which typically requires many years of experience. In addition, potential contamination hampers using these techniques to obtain information from organisms such as fungi or bacteria. Environmental DNA metabarcoding and shotgun metagenome sequencing could represent a solution to detect specific groups of organisms without any a priori knowledge of their characteristics and/or to identify organisms that have rarely been considered in previous investigations. Moreover, shotgun metagenomics may allow the identification of bacteria and fungi (including both yeast and filamentous life forms), ensuring discrimination between ancient and modern organisms through the study of deamination/damage patterns. In the present review, we aim to i) present the state-of-the-art methodologies in paleoecological and paleoclimatic studies focusing on peat core analyses, proposing alternative approaches to the classical morphological identification of plant residues, and ii) suggest biomolecular approaches that will allow the use of proxies such as invertebrates, fungi, and bacteria, which are rarely employed in paleoenvironmental reconstructions.
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| 2. |
- Wuczkowski, Michael, et al.
(author)
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Description of Holtermanniella gen. nov., including Holtermanniella takashimae sp. nov. and four new combinations, and proposal of the order Holtermanniales to accommodate tremellomycetous yeasts of the Holtermannia clade
- 2011
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In: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. - London, United Kingdom : The Microbiology Society. - 1466-5026 .- 1466-5034. ; 61, s. 680-689
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The novel genus Holtermanniella is proposed here to accommodate four Cryptococcus species closely related to Holtermannia corniformis that are included in the Holtermannia clade (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina). Thus, four novel combinations are proposed: Holtermanniella nyarrowii comb. nov., Holtermanniella festucosa comb. nov., Holtermanniella mycelialis comb. nov. and Holtermanniella wattica comb. nov. In addition, a novel anamorphic yeast species was studied with 15 isolates obtained from different habitats around the world. Analysis of the sequences of the D1/D2 region of their large subunit rDNA showed that the novel species is placed phylogenetically within the Holtermannia clade of the Tremellomycetes (Agaricomycotina, Basidiomycota). PCR fingerprinting and sequencing of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 showed genetic intraspecific variability among the strains: three groups were formed, which did not correlate with geographical origin or substrate. This novel species, designated the type species of Holtermanniella gen. nov., is described as Holtermanniella takashimae sp. nov.; the type strain is CBS 11174(T) (=HB 982(T) =DBVPG 8012(T)). The order Holtermanniales ord. nov. is proposed here to include Holtermannia (the type genus) and Holtermanniella.
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